Unit+3+The+world+of+Science拓展閱讀素材 高中英語外研版必修第三冊(cè)

專攻解題方法與技巧外研新教材必修第三冊(cè)Unit3拓展閱讀1AIHelpsPromoteMaterialScience【導(dǎo)讀】眾所周知，材料科學(xué)與我們的生活息息相關(guān)。人工智能和材料科學(xué)的結(jié)合，能給材料科學(xué)的研究帶來怎樣的變化？該文涉及的主題語境：“人與社會(huì)”——“科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新”。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)couldhelppromotethedevelopmentofmaterialscienceandacceleratetheinventionofnewmaterials,accordingtoChineseexperts.ManycoretechnologiesthatneedbreakthroughsinChinaarerelatedtothematerialscience,andAIcouldhelpintheseareas,ZhaoZhongxian,anacademicianoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS),whowonChina’stopscienceaward,saidatascienceforumopenedinDongguan,GuangdongProvince.Traditionalmethodsformaterialcompositionanalysisaretime-consuming（耗時(shí)的，曠日持久的）andexpensive.Ittakesanaverageof10yearsforalaboratorytodevelopnewmaterialsand20yearsformassproduction（批量生產(chǎn)，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)）.WithAItechnology,thedevelopmentandapplicationcycleofnewmaterialsisexpectedtobeshortenedbymorethanhalf.WangWeihuafromtheInstituteofPhysicsunderCASsaidAIischangingthewaynewmaterialsarediscovered.Throughmachinelearningofmaterialdata,AIcouldoutperform（勝過）manymaterialscientistsandmakeamoreefficientpredictionofnewmaterials.ThefastdevelopmentofAIalsoneedssupportfromthematerialscience.Withemergingintelligentrobots,wearablemedicaldevicesandIoTsystems（物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)）,futuresmartsensorswillrequiregoodsensitivity,flexibility,andstability,whichputsnewdemandsonmaterials.AIandmaterialsciencearecloselyrelated,andmaterialresearchcouldofferasolutionforAI-relatedsensitivecomponents,Zhaosaid.2AmazingusesofVR語篇導(dǎo)讀：

VR技術(shù)已經(jīng)漸漸走入人們的生活，也慢慢地向不同的領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。讓我們一起看看VR技術(shù)到底有哪些妙用吧！Virtualreality(VR)technologyholdsalotofpossibilitiestochangethefutureforanumberoffields,likemedicine,business,andsoon.Tohelpparaplegics(癱患者)regaintheirabilitiesAyear-longstudydonebyDukeUniversitydiscoveredhugebenefitsofvirtualrealitytechnologyforparaplegics.PatientswearingVRheadsetstaskedtomovethroughaplaygroundasasoccerplayerwereabletoregainsomebrainfunctions(功能).Oftheeightpatientstested,eachregainedsomecontrolandfourweregettingbetterfromfullparaplegicstopartialparaplegics.Tohelpchildrenandteenswithautism(自閉癥)developsocialskillsProfessorsattheUniversityofTexasinDallashavecreatedaprogramthatusesvirtualrealitytohelpchildrenwithautismdevelopsocialskills.Puttingkids,teensandyoungadultsinsocialsituations,theylearnhowtoactproperly.Bymonitoringbrainwaves,professorsnoticedincreasedactivityinareasconnectedtosocialunderstanding.TotestcarsafetyVRgivescarengineerstheabilitytotestthesafetyofcarsinavirtualsettingbeforeactuallyputtingthemintomarkets.Asidefromthebuildingprocess,largecarcompaniessuchasFord,VolvoandHyundaiusevirtualrealityinsalesaswellbyhavingcustomersuseaVRheadsettotestdrivecars.ToplanyournextvacationYou’llsoonbeableto

“trybeforeyoufly”

destinationsthroughvirtualreality.Travelerslookingtobooktheirnexttripcanobserve(觀察)adestination,hotelorcitytoseewhatithastooffer.Forexample,peopleinaU.K.mallwereabletoexperienceahelicopterflightaroundNewYorkCity.TohelpinbusinessBusinessesarebeginningtouseVRinanumberofways:todecreasecosts,lessenbusinesstravel,givetours,andholdmeetings.BusinessesthathavedangerousproductsorareintheearlystagesareusingVRtotestsafetywithoutriskingthehealthofworkers.

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3Coolinventions一起來看看這些最新的高科技產(chǎn)品。BootsthatchargephoneYoujustsawawonderfulmovieandhavegottocallyourbestfriendtotalkaboutit.Butasyou’rewalkinghomefromthetheater,yourealizeyourcellphoneisdead.Soyouputitintoyourbootandwalkfaster.That’stheconcept(概念)behindtheOrangePowerWellies:bootsthatchargeyourphone.Yourfeetproduceheatasyouwalk.Thewarmeryourfeetandthecoldertheground,themorepoweryouproduce.Sokeepwalking—it’llkeepyouandyourphonegoing.River-cleaningboatItmayfloat,butthisisnotyourordinaryboat.Thetranslucent(半透明的)Physalia(justaconceptnow)isafloatingmuseumandresearchlab.Itstask:tomaketheplanetgreener.How?Asitmovesacrossadirtyriver,theriverwaterispumpedtoPhysalia’srooftopgarden.Plantsfilter(過濾)andpurify(凈化)thewater,whichthenflowsbackintotheriver.Theboatpowersitself;solarpanelsontopgetenergyfromthesunwhilethemovingwaterunderneathischangedintoelectricity.Astheboat’sscientistsstudytheriver’secosystem,visitorsjumpaboardtoviewexhibitsandrelax.Penthatlistens

Don’tworryifyourhandcan’tkeepupwithyourearsinclass.Thisspecialpen,thePulse,hasyoucovered.Takenotesjustasyouwouldwitharegularpen.ButthePulseissmarterthanthat.Itnotonlyrecordstheentirelesson,butalsoknowsexactlywhensomethingwassaid.Soifyoujustwanttoreplayonepartofclass,simplytapyourpenonthatspotinyourhandwrittennotes,andthePulseplaysbacksoundfromtheexactmomentyoustartedtodaydreamaboutbreaks.Youwriteonspecialpaperfeaturingrecord,playback,andvolumebuttonsatthebottom.Thepaper,alongwithatinycameraputinthepen,helpsthePulseworkoutwhichaudiogoeswitheachpartofthewriting.ThePulseisonecleverclasscompanion.4Robotsplayinthefutureoffarming語篇導(dǎo)讀：水果采摘器、除草機(jī)、無人機(jī)和機(jī)械服等高科技農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備將助力未來農(nóng)業(yè)的高效運(yùn)作。Withthecomplexdatacollectingfacilitiesoftoday’sworld,agricultureisinahigh-techrevolution.Inthisagriculturalrevolution,thereareplentyofmind-blowinginventions.Herearefourdifferenttypesofroboticsindevelopmentoralreadyhardatworkinthefields.FruitPickersThetraditionalviewofrobotsisthatthey’recertainlynotsmartenoughtogentlypickastrawberry,right?However,that’sexactlywhatBelgiancompanyOctinion’sRubionrobotcando.TheRubionrobotusesaspecialsystemtodetectwhenastrawberryisripeandpicksitwithasoft3D-printedhand.Weed(雜草)PullersInafarmer’sperfectworld,therewouldbenoweeds.TheCalifornia-basedteam

FarmWisetrainedmachine-learningcamerasusingmillionsofimagessothattherobotcandifferentiatebetweencropsandweeds.Therobotistrainedtoidentifythecenterofeachcropsoitdoesn’tdisturbitsgrowthwhenitgoesintoweed.Drones(無人機(jī))Dronesaren’texactlynewtofarming.Majorusesfordronesrightnowinclude3D-imaging,map-buildingandcrop-monitoring(監(jiān)控).Wilmington,Delaware-basedCortevaAgriscience’sDroneDeployprogramsendsoutdronestodetectdiseasesofcrops.PrecisionHawk,adroneanddatacompany,notesthatitcantake11hourstosample(取樣)anacreofcropsonfoot.Theypromise,“Withtheirbird’s-eyeviewandadvancedsensors,adronecangatherdataon500to1,000acresinlessthanaday.”FarmingExoskeletons(外骨骼)Farmersaresuperheroes,butthoseheroesaregettingolder.Theaverageageofafarmerisnow50to58yearsold,accordingtothe2012USDA(TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture)researchofagriculture.AteamofengineersatVirginiaTechisworkingonlightweight,easy-to-useexosuitsthateasepressureonafarmer’skneesandback.Thehopeisthatfarmerswillusethetechwhentheyare,say,intheir50s,sothattheycanagelesspainfullyintotheir60sandretire,explainsVirginiaTechengineerAlexanderLeonessa.5SchoolingAISummoningtheDemon?人工智能如何造福課堂？關(guān)鍵在于目的和手段。In2014,ElonMusk,founderofTeslaandSpaceX,said,

“Withartificialintelligence,wearesummoningthedemon(召喚惡魔).”Heandothershavebeencallingforincreasedcautionandregulation(管控)ofAItechnologydevelopmentintheUnitedStates.Inthemeantime,facialrecognitionandotherAIsystemshavequicklybecomewidespreadin

China.Totakeanexample,atmanylargetouristattractions,visitors’facesare

recognized

toautomatically(自動(dòng)地)openagate.AItechnologyhasalsomadeitswayintoschools.Mostrecently,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity(中國藥科大學(xué))inNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,ispiloting(試行)

afacialrecognitionsystemintwoclassrooms.Itissaidthatthesystemcantellifstudentsarelistening,counthowmanytimestheyraisetheirheads,orrecognizeiftheyareplayingontheirphonesorfallingasleep.Lastyearatahighschoolin

Hangzhou,anothersystemwasableto

identify

uptosevendifferentemotionsofstudentsbyanalyzingtheirfacialexpressions.Ifthesystemthinksthatastudentis

distracted,itwillremindtheteachertotakeaction.Noteveryoneagreesthatsuchprogramsareagoodidea.Infact,thesesystemsarestartingtobeusedeventhoughthereisn’tenoughdatayettotelliftheyareeffective.Ifclassroommanagementisreallysuchaburden,isfacialrecognitiontechthebestsolution?Canthesystema