中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)句子成分知識(shí)講解與練習(xí)

中考英語(yǔ)句子成分知識(shí)講與練一、主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)【練習(xí)】說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.①Class②begins

ateight.2.①The_teachers②are_having

ameeting.3.Atfiveo'clock,

①they②left.4.①Put_up

yourhandifyou

②have

anyquestions.5.①Smoking②does

harmtoyourhealth.6.There

①is②a_pen

onthedesk.7.①Who②teaches

youmaths,XiaoHua?8.①This_story②happened

inLondon.9.①The_rich②should_help

thepoor.10.Thisweekend,

①some_of_us②are_going_to_have

apicnicwiththeteachers.【答案】1.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)2.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)3.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)4.①謂語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)5.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)6.①謂語(yǔ)②主語(yǔ)7.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)8.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)9.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)10.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)【講解】組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分?根據(jù)各個(gè)部分在句子中所起的作用分別稱為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?其中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體?1.主語(yǔ)(Subject)主語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分,是說明的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者?主語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)(主語(yǔ)有時(shí)是動(dòng)作的承受者,這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))?[例]Thestudents

arelisteningtomecarefully.學(xué)生們?cè)谡J(rèn)真聽我講課?They

wanttolearnEnglishwell.他們想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)?2.謂語(yǔ)(Predicate)謂語(yǔ)用來表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或行為動(dòng)作?(1)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,不管是什么時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣?[例]He

practises

runningeverymorning.他每天早上練習(xí)跑步?Don'tplay

inthestreet.不要在街上玩?He

isdoing

hishomeworknow.他現(xiàn)在正在做家庭作業(yè)?(2)復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)①由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或某些其他助動(dòng)詞加不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成?[例]You

maykeep

thebookfortwoweeks.這本書你可以借兩周?He

hadtostay

athome.他不得不待在家里?②由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成?[例]We

arestudents.我們是學(xué)生?【練習(xí)】指出下列句子中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)(畫線部分)1.①He②has_become

moreandmoreinterestedinEnglish.2.①The_living②should_go_on_with

hiswork.3.①He②practises

speakingEnglisheverymorning.4.①The_child②has_been_brought_up

byhisgrandmother.5.①To_see②is_to_believe.6.①It②is_necessary③to_help_him_out.7.①He②looked_after

thechildrencarefully.8.①Four_plus_four②is_eight.9.①He②can_speak

Englishverywell.10.①Playing_football

inthestreet

②is_dangerous.【答案】1.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)2.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)3.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)4.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)5.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)6.①形式主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)③真正主語(yǔ)7.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)8.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)9.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)10.①主語(yǔ)②謂語(yǔ)【練習(xí)】漢譯英1.他昨天下午到達(dá)海南?2.我們經(jīng)常在課堂上說英語(yǔ)?3.掌握一門外語(yǔ)是有必要的?4.張教授是著名的科學(xué)家?5.我們打算今晚去拜訪他?【答案】1.YesterdayafternoonhereachedHainan.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.4.ProfessorZhangisafamousscientist.5.Wearegoingtocallonhimtonight.二、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)【練習(xí)】說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.Theyvisited

an_exhibition

yesterday.2.Theheavyrainprevented

①me

from

②arriving_at_school_on_time.3.Howmany

①dictionaries

doyouhave?Ihave

②five.4.Ienjoy

listening_to_pop_music.5.Shelooks

unhappy

today.6.Heoftenwent

hungry

inthepast.7.Hisjobis

to_teach_English.8.Timeis

①up.Theclassis

②over.9.Heremained

in_poor_health

allthoseyears.10.Theseapplestaste

sweet.【答案】1.賓語(yǔ)2.①賓語(yǔ)②賓語(yǔ)3.①賓語(yǔ)②賓語(yǔ)4.賓語(yǔ)5.表語(yǔ)6.表語(yǔ)7.表語(yǔ)8.①表語(yǔ)②表語(yǔ)9.表語(yǔ)10.表語(yǔ)【講解】1.賓語(yǔ)(Object)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))或介詞后面?[例]Heisgoingtobuy

adictionary.(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))他打算買本詞典?Weshouldlearnfrom

him.我們應(yīng)向他學(xué)習(xí)?(介詞的賓語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)種類:(1)雙賓語(yǔ):間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)一般指人,直接賓語(yǔ)一般指物?[例]Lend

meyourdictionary,

please.請(qǐng)把你的詞典借給我用一用?(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)?[例]Heasked

metocome.他請(qǐng)我來的?2.表語(yǔ)(Predicative)表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后?表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞的ing形式、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及從句充當(dāng)?[例]Isit

yours?那是你的嗎?Thebooksare

interesting.這些書很有趣?Iwasn't

athome

lastnight.昨晚我沒在家?Theweatherhasturned

cold.天氣已變冷?【練習(xí)】指出下列句子中的賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)(畫線部分)1.Hisjobis

to_train_swimmers.2.Heseems

interested

intheplan.3.Hehanded

①me②the_newspaper.4.Thewarwas

over.5.Thewindowis

broken.【答案】1.表語(yǔ)2.表語(yǔ)3.①間接賓語(yǔ)②直接賓語(yǔ)4.表語(yǔ)5.表語(yǔ)【練習(xí)】漢譯英1.我的愛好是畫畫?2.他好像知道真相?3.他不喜歡這項(xiàng)工作?4.我給你買了一些巧克力?5.這工廠60%的工人是年輕人?【答案】1.Myhobbyispainting.2.Heseemstoknowthetruth.3.Hedoesn'tlikethejob.4.Ihaveboughtyousomechocolate.5.60%oftheworkersinthisfactoryareyoung.三、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)【練習(xí)】說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.Chinaisa

①developing

country,whileAmericaisa

②developed

country.2.Heisreadinganarticle

about_how_to_learn_English.3.Theboy

①who_is_shouting_there

is

②her

brother.4.Lighttravels

most_quickly.5.Hehaslivedinthecity

for_ten_years.6.Hegoestoschool

by_bus.7.①In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_Imustwork

②harder.8.Don'tleavethewindow

open.9.Iheardhim

go_out.10.Hisfathernamedhim

Dong_Ming.【答案】1.①定語(yǔ)②定語(yǔ)2.定語(yǔ)3.①定語(yǔ)②定語(yǔ)4.狀語(yǔ)5.狀語(yǔ)6.狀語(yǔ)7.①狀語(yǔ)②狀語(yǔ)8.賓補(bǔ)9.賓補(bǔ)10.賓補(bǔ)【講解】1.定語(yǔ)(Attribute)定語(yǔ)起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用?一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(短語(yǔ))或句子充當(dāng)?[例]Dalianisa

beautiful

city.大連是一個(gè)美麗的城市?Thegirl

withglasses

isdiligent.戴眼鏡的女孩很勤奮?Theman

standingthere

is

our

teacher.站在那里的那人是我們的老師?Isthereanydifferencebetween

spoken

Englishand

written

English?英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和書面語(yǔ)之間有什么不同嗎?Ihavealotofhomework

todo.我有許多作業(yè)要做?2.狀語(yǔ)(Adverbial):狀語(yǔ)用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征?可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步、頻率等,一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞的ing形式或從句充當(dāng)?[例]I'm

very

pleasedtoseeyou.見到你我非常高興?I'llbeback

inawhile.我一會(huì)兒就回來?Wegohome

twiceamonth.我們每月回家兩次?Beingfat,

hecan'twalklong.因?yàn)樯眢w很胖,他走不了多遠(yuǎn)?Heworkshardeveryday

topasstheexam.為了通過考試,他天天刻苦學(xué)習(xí)?3.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(ObjectComplement)用來對(duì)賓語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)充說明,可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)?[例]Theypaintedtheirboat

white.他們把船涂成白色?Letthefreshair

in.讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來?Youmustn'tforcehim

tolendhismoneytoyou.你絕不可強(qiáng)迫他借錢給你?Wesawher

enteringtheroom.我們見她進(jìn)入房間?Wefoundeverythinginthelab

ingoodorder.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的東西都井然有序?【練習(xí)】指出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.Heisa

lovely

boy.2.Thereare

①many

womenteachersin

②our

school.3.①Our

monitorisalwaysthefirst

②to_enter_the_classroom.4.Heisplaying

①there②happily.5.Ishallgo

①there②if_it_doesn't_rain.6.Thestoryhappened

in_Beijing.7.Hewassotired

that_he_fell_asleep_immediately.8.Hiscominglatemadehisteacher

unhappy.9.Pleasekeepthedog

out.10.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself

under_the_bed.【答案】1.定語(yǔ)2.①定語(yǔ)②定語(yǔ)3.①定語(yǔ)②定語(yǔ)4.①狀語(yǔ)②狀語(yǔ)5.①狀語(yǔ)②狀語(yǔ)6.狀語(yǔ)7.狀語(yǔ)8.賓補(bǔ)9.賓補(bǔ)10.賓補(bǔ)【練習(xí)】漢譯英1.我父母都