基于51單片機的簡易函數(shù)信號發(fā)生器整理資料

創(chuàng)新性實驗研究報告PAGE創(chuàng)新性實驗研究報告實驗項目名稱＿簡易函數(shù)信號發(fā)生器創(chuàng)新性實驗研究報告一、實驗摘要用AT89C51單片機采用程序設計方法構成的波形發(fā)生器，可產(chǎn)生方波、三角波、正弦波，再通過DA轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832將數(shù)字信號轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號,并通過LM324集成運放把信號放大，通過示波器將波形顯示在屏幕上。波形的周期可用程序改變，此設計具有線路簡單、結(jié)構緊湊、性能優(yōu)越等特點。通過仿真測試，其性能指標達到了設計要求。并進行實際焊接電路板，進行波形測試，均達到了實驗目的。二、實驗目的1、進行硬件電路設計。2、編寫程序，并進行程序測試。3、利用單片機采用軟件設計方法產(chǎn)生三種波形。4、焊接電路，將程序下載到單片機，并用示波器對輸出程序進行測試。三、實驗場地及儀器、設備和材料：實驗場地：電子技術實驗室。儀器、設備和材料：雙通道數(shù)字示波器、AT89C52單片機、DAC0832、LM324、電腦、杜邦線、洞洞板、電烙鐵等。四、實驗內(nèi)容1、實驗原理數(shù)字信號可以通過數(shù)/模轉(zhuǎn)換器轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號，因此可通過產(chǎn)生數(shù)字信號再轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號的方法來獲得所需要的波形。89C51單片機本身就是一個完整的微型計算機，具有組成微型計算機的各部分部件：中央處理器CPU、隨機存取存儲器RAM、只讀存儲器ROM、I/O接口電路、定時器/計數(shù)器以及串行通訊接口等，只要將89C51再配置鍵盤及其接口、顯示器及其接口、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換及波形輸出、指示燈及其接口等四部分，即可構成所需的波形發(fā)生器，其信號發(fā)生器構成原理框圖如下圖所示。濾波放大電路數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換電路單片機濾波放大電路數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換電路單片機89C51是整個波形發(fā)生器的核心部分，通過程序的編寫和執(zhí)行，產(chǎn)生各種各樣的信號，當數(shù)字信號電路到達轉(zhuǎn)換電路，將其轉(zhuǎn)換成模擬信號也就是所需要的輸出波形。并經(jīng)過濾波放大電路將波形輸出出來。實驗內(nèi)容1、運用keil軟件對程序進行編寫，運行程序，并進行程序修改。2、運用protues軟件進行硬件電路仿真設計。3、將程序下載到仿真單片機中，并觀測輸出波形。4、對程序進行修改，再次運行仿真軟件，直到輸出理想的波形。5、仿照仿真軟件進行硬件電路的焊接。6、將程序下載到單片機，并用示波器測試輸出波形。7、對程序進行修改，直到輸出滿意的波形為止。3、實驗步驟1、首先打開keil軟件.2、運用keil軟件對程序進行編寫，程序見附件。3、打開protues軟件.4、運用protues軟件對硬件電路進行設計。9C51單片機是該信號發(fā)生器的核心，具有2個定時器，32個并行I/O口，1個串行I/O口，5個中斷源。由于本設計功能簡單，數(shù)據(jù)處理容易，數(shù)據(jù)存儲空間也足夠，因為我們采用了片選法選擇芯片，進行芯片的選擇和地址的譯碼。在單片機最小最小系統(tǒng)中，單片機從P1口接收來自鍵盤的信號，并通過P0口輸出控制信號，通過DA轉(zhuǎn)換芯片最終由示波器顯示輸出波形。單片機引腳分配如下：?XTAL1，XTAL2：外接晶振，產(chǎn)生時鐘信號。?RST：復位電路；?P2口：8位數(shù)字信號輸出輸出，外接DAC0832；?P3.6口和P3.7口：DAC0832的時鐘信號；單片機模塊單片機輸出的是數(shù)字信號，因為要得到模擬信號的波形就必須對其進行數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換。我們采用了DAC0832數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換器，該芯片具由8位輸入鎖存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器及轉(zhuǎn)換控制電路四部分構成。由于其輸出為電流輸出，因為外加運算放大器LM324使之轉(zhuǎn)換為電壓輸出。最后通過示波器顯示輸出的波形。數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換模塊運放模塊整體硬件電路圖整體硬件電路圖五、實驗結(jié)果與分析1、實驗現(xiàn)象、數(shù)據(jù)記錄仿真波形2、對實驗現(xiàn)象、數(shù)據(jù)及觀察結(jié)果的分析與討論：經(jīng)過觀察調(diào)試，再觀察，再調(diào)試，最終輸出的波形較為理想。此次試驗經(jīng)過一系列的調(diào)試，最終輸出的波形為正弦波、方波、三角波。剛開始在給運放接電源時，接的電源不是穩(wěn)恒直流電源（用示波器測試了一下電源的輸出波形，雖然電源上寫的是直流穩(wěn)恒電源，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)他的波形摻雜有雜波），所以測出來的波形不是正弦波、方波和三角波。分析原因可能與運放的電源有關，所以在實驗室找到了數(shù)控穩(wěn)恒直流電源，經(jīng)過給運放供電，發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出了正弦波、方波、三角波。所以給運放供電的電源必須是經(jīng)濾波后的平穩(wěn)電源，否則對運放有很大影響。3、關鍵點：此次試驗關鍵點是程序的編寫，在程序編寫的過程中請教了眾多的編程高手，最終在大家的幫助下編寫出了能輸出正弦波、方波、三角波的程序。此次試驗另一個關鍵點是硬件電路的焊接。在硬件電路焊接中首先應根據(jù)仿真軟件進行焊接，當焊完以后還要對電路進行測試，以防止電路不通。第三個關鍵點是在給運放供電時的電源一定要是穩(wěn)恒直流電源，不能摻雜有雜波。六、實驗結(jié)論基于單片機的信號發(fā)生器設計，這個信號發(fā)生器的設計中涉及到一個典型的控制過程。通過單片機控制一個模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0832產(chǎn)生所需要的電流，然后使用運算放大器LM324可以將其電流輸出線性地轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓輸出，再將電壓經(jīng)過運算放大器的放大，可以得到足夠幅度的信號。通過程序的控制，可以產(chǎn)生一系列有規(guī)律的波形。這樣一個信號發(fā)生裝置在控制領域有相當廣泛的應用范圍。最終做出來的信號發(fā)生器滿足了題目中的所有要求：產(chǎn)生三種波形。正弦波、三角波、矩形波。當然還是存在不足的地方，比如不能實現(xiàn)頻率的按一個小的步進調(diào)整。并且當頻率太小時矩形波會有些失真。信號發(fā)生器可以生成更多的波形，只需要再加些波形表即可。七、指導老師評語及得分：簽名：年月日附件：源程序等。正弦波程序：#include<reg51.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintsbitcs=P3^7;sbitwr=P3^6;ucharj;uintys,a=0;ucharcodetosin[256]={ 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1, 0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16, 0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06, 0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05, 0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15, 0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x27,0x29,0x2b,0x2e, 0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e, 0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72, 0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80};/*正弦波碼*/voiddelay(uintz)//延時子程序{ uchari,j; for(i=z;i>0;i--) for(j=110;j>0;j--);}voiddelay1(uinty){ uinti; for(i=y;i>0;i--);}voidmain(){ cs=1; wr=1; cs=0; wr=0; while(1)//正弦波 { P2=tosin[j]; j++; delay(1); }wr=1;cs=1;}方波程序：#include<reg51.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintsbitcs=P3^7;sbitwr=P3^6;ucharj;uintys,a=0;ucharcodetosin[256]={ 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1, 0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16, 0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,0x0a,0x09,0x08,0x07,0x06, 0x05,0x04,0x03,0x02,0x02,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00, 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x02,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05, 0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0d,0x0e,0x10,0x11,0x13,0x15, 0x16,0x18,0x1a,0x1c,0x1e,0x20,0x22,0x25,0x27,0x29,0x2b,0x2e, 0x30,0x33,0x35,0x38,0x3a,0x3d,0x40,0x43,0x45,0x48,0x4c,0x4e, 0x51,0x55,0x57,0x5a,0x5d,0x60,0x63,0x66,0x69,0x6c,0x6f,0x72, 0x76,0x79,0x7c,0x80};/*正弦波碼*/voiddelay(uintz)//延時子程序{ uchari,j; for(i=z;i>0;i--) for(j=110;j>0;j--);}voiddelay1(uinty){ uinti; for(i=y;i>0;i--);}voidmain(){ cs=1; wr=1; cs=0; wr=0; while(1)//方波 { P2=0xff; delay(1); P2=0; delay(1); }wr=1;cs=1;}三角波程序：#include<reg51.h>#defineucharunsignedchar#defineuintunsignedintsbitcs=P3^7;sbitwr=P3^6;ucharj;uintys,a=0;ucharcodetosin[256]={ 0x80,0x83,0x86,0x89,0x8d,0x90,0x93,0x96,0x99,0x9c,0x9f,0xa2, 0xa5,0xa8,0xab,0xae,0xb1,0xb4,0xb7,0xba,0xbc,0xbf,0xc2,0xc5, 0xc7,0xca,0xcc,0xcf,0xd1,0xd4,0xd6,0xd8,0xda,0xdd,0xdf,0xe1, 0xe3,0xe5,0xe7,0xe9,0xea,0xec,0xee,0xef,0xf1,0xf2,0xf4,0xf5, 0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa,0xfb,0xfc,0xfd,0xfd,0xfe,0xff,0xff, 0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xfe,0xfd, 0xfd,0xfc,0xfb,0xfa,0xf9,0xf8,0xf7,0xf6,0xf5,0xf4,0xf2,0xf1, 0xef,0xee,0xec,0xea,0xe9,0xe7,0xe5,0xe3,0xe1,0xde,0xdd,0xda, 0xd8,0xd6,0xd4,0xd1,0xcf,0xcc,0xca,0xc7,0xc5,0xc2,0xbf,0xbc, 0xba,0xb7,0xb4,0xb1,0xae,0xab,0xa8,0xa5,0xa2,0x9f,0x9c,0x99, 0x96,0x93,0x90,0x8d,0x89,0x86,0x83,0x80,0x80,0x7c,0x79,0x76, 0x72,0x6f,0x6c,0x69,0x66,0x63,0x60,0x5d,0x5a,0x57,0x55,0x51, 0x4e,0x4c,0x48,0x45,0x43,0x40,0x3d,0x3a,0x38,0x35,0x33,0x30, 0x2e,0x2b,0x29,0x27,0x25,0x22,0x20,0x1e,0x1c,0x1a,0x18,0x16, 0x15,0x13,0x11,0x10,0x0e,0x0d,0x0b,