文檔英語短文8(DOC)

Howtobustthroughbarrierstobusinessgrowth公司發(fā)展必須突破3大障礙Mostbusinessesfailtogrow--withavastmajorityremainingtiny,one-ortwo-personshops.I'dliketoseemorereachtheirpotential.Evenifabusinessisn'tdestinedtobethenextGoogle,Amazon,orFacebook,itcanstillbecomeathriving,mid-marketcompany.Herearethreebarrierstogrowthyouneedtoblastthroughifyouwantyourbusinesstoscaleup.大多數(shù)公司都無法實(shí)現(xiàn)成長——其中很大一部分一直都是只有一、兩個(gè)人的小作坊。我希望能有更多的公司實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)展的潛能。即使命中注定成不了下一個(gè)谷歌（Google）、亞馬遜（Amazon）或者Facebook，一家公司還是可以在中型企業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展。要想擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模，你就得突破下列三重障礙。1.TheinabilityoftheCEOtoletgo.Thisistheprimaryreasonthatapaltry5%ofbusinessesbreakthe$1millionrevenuemarkandonlyaboutoneineightofthosereach$10million,accordingtorecentdata.Eithertheownerthinkshe'stheonlypersoncapableofgettingthingsdoneortriedtodelegateoncebutgotburnedbyabadhireandcan'ttrustanyoneagain.1.CEO沒有放權(quán)的能力。近期數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在所有公司中，收入突破100萬美元的僅占5%；在這5%的公司中，收入達(dá)到1000萬美元的只有八分之一，主要原因就在于此。企業(yè)主要么認(rèn)為自己是唯一能勝任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作的人，要么曾經(jīng)交出過管理權(quán)，但因?yàn)橛鋈瞬皇缍墒軗p失，繼而不再相信任何人。Theonlywaytogetthroughthisistofindpeoplewhocandothingsbetterthanyouandwhodon'tneedtobemanaged.Willthefolksyouhiremessupsometimes?Yes,butyou'vegottopushpastthat.Ifyousuffertheshort-termchallengesofbringingsomeoneuptospeed,yourlifewillgetaloteasierandyourcompanywillbeabletotacklebiggerprojectsandcontracts.掃除這個(gè)障礙的唯一辦法就是找到工作能力更強(qiáng)而且不需要管理的人。你聘請(qǐng)的那些人有時(shí)會(huì)把事情搞糟嗎？會(huì)，但你必須邁過這道坎。如果能忍受他們?cè)谔崴龠^程中帶來的短期挑戰(zhàn)，你的工作就會(huì)變得輕松很多，你的公司也就能接下更大的項(xiàng)目與合同。2.Beingacheapskate.Inthestartupphase,whenyou'renotmakingmuchmoney,you'vegottobeabitofskinflint,buttherecomesapointwhereyouhavetoinvestinyourbusinessoritwon'tgrow.I'mnotsuggestingthatyouspendyourselfsilly,butifyouwanttogrow,you'regoingtohavetoupgradesomeofyoursystems,whetherthatmeansyouraccountingsoftware,phones,orITinfrastructure.You'llneedbetterofficespacethanyourgarage.2.變得吝嗇。公司在起步階段不怎么賺錢，你必須稍微吝嗇一些。但到了某個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)，你必須為公司投資，否則它就不會(huì)增長。我并不是要你一味地花錢，但如果想擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，就得升級(jí)公司的某些系統(tǒng)，可能是會(huì)計(jì)軟件、電話，也可能是IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。不能總在車庫里辦公。ProbablythemostimportantstepyoucantakeistofindagreataccountantorCFO.Mostentrepreneursthinktheyshouldspendmoneyonmakingorsellingstuff,liketheydidinthestartupphase.However,asyourbusinessgrows,youneeddetaileddataaboutwhereyou'remakingmoney--ornot--tomaketherightdecisions.Thefiguresonyourbalancesheetcanhideamultitudeofproblems.Agoodaccountantwillhelpyoufigureouthowmuchmoneyyou'rebringinginbycustomer,bysalesperson,andbylocation.Thatway,ifyourcompanyisawreck,you'llknowwheretofixthings--soyoudon'tbuildanevenbiggermess.HiringagreataccountantorCFOwillcostyou,butitwillhelpyoumakemoneyinthelongrun.也許，你最重要的任務(wù)就是找到一位很出色的會(huì)計(jì)師或者首席財(cái)務(wù)官。大多數(shù)創(chuàng)業(yè)者都認(rèn)為他們應(yīng)該始終像起步階段那樣，把資金用于生產(chǎn)或銷售。但隨著公司規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，要做出正確的決策，你就需要詳細(xì)地了解哪些業(yè)務(wù)賺錢，哪些不賺錢。資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表上的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)掩蓋大量問題。一名好的會(huì)計(jì)師卻能幫你計(jì)算出每位HowToRemedyYourCareerRegrets如何及時(shí)補(bǔ)救職業(yè)遺憾？1.Choosingajobbasedoncompensationalone1.僅根據(jù)薪水選工作Remedy:Makeabudget.Ifyoudon’tknowhowmuchmoneyyouneedtolivethelifestyleyoufeelcomfortablewith,youcan’taccuratelyprojectwhetherswitchingjobsfora$10Kpaybumpisactuallyagooddeal.Makingaprosandconslistwhencomparingyourcurrentjobwithanewopportunityisalsohelpful.Iftheonlyadvantageajoboffersisabiggerpaycheck,youcanweighthatagainstlongerhours,amoreonerouscommuteandincreasedreportingresponsibilities.Keepinmindthatresearchshowsthatincreasesinhappinessbasedonearningspeakatabout$75K.Incomesabovethisleveldon’tincreaseyourfeelingofwell-beingonaday-to-daybasis.So,ifyouthinkajumpupto$85or$90Kwillmakeyoufeellessmorosewhenyouralarmgoesoff,youmightwanttolookataddressingsomeofthenon-monetaryfactorsinyourlifethatarecontributingtoyourdissatisfaction.補(bǔ)救辦法：做預(yù)算。如果你不能估算需要多少錢才能過上令你感到舒適的生活，你就無法確切地知道為了1萬美元薪水而換工作是否真的劃算。在比較新、舊工作時(shí)，列出各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，這會(huì)對(duì)你很有幫助。如果新工作只是薪水更高一點(diǎn)，那么你可以比較下這個(gè)工作是否要求更長的工作時(shí)間和完成更多的工作任務(wù)。請(qǐng)記住，調(diào)查表明：年收入在7.5萬美元以內(nèi)，幸福感會(huì)隨著薪水的增加而增加，但是一旦薪水超過這個(gè)水平，幸福感的增加便不再明顯。因此，如果你認(rèn)為薪水增加到8.5萬或9萬美元會(huì)使你更加快樂，這時(shí)你或許應(yīng)該著手解決生活中那些與金錢無關(guān)而引起的不快樂。2.Stayingtoolonginajobthatyouwanttoleave2.在原來工作崗位上呆太久了Remedy:Thetrickyaspectofthisregretisthatit’stypicallyrootedinhindsight.Onlyafteryou’veleftthejobandhavemovedontosomethingbetter,doyoustartbeatingyourselfupfornotmakingtheleapsooner,evenifithadn’tbeenpracticalorpossible.Whatyoucandoistoidentifythefactorsthatkeptyouinyourformerpositionasredflagstobeawareofinthefutureandworktolineupsupportsthatwillallowyoutomorequicklycapitalizeonotheropportunitiesastheymaypresentthemselves.Thiscouldincludereviewingandupdatingyourresumewithnewaccomplishmentsonamonthlyorquarterlybasis,keepingyourLinkedInaccountcurrent,buildingupacontingencyfundtoallowyoutofeellesstetheredtoyourcurrentpaycheckandstayinginthelooponindustrynewsandgossiptobeawareofwhereyourskillsandexperiencecouldbeofvalue.補(bǔ)救辦法：這種遺憾的棘手之處在于，它通常是后知后覺的。只有在你已經(jīng)離開這個(gè)崗位并找到了更好的工作之后，你才會(huì)開始后悔為什么沒有早點(diǎn)跳槽，即使這原本是不切實(shí)際的想法。你能做的就是找到使你留在這個(gè)崗位的理由，作為以后提醒自己的信號(hào)。另外，你還要通過各種途徑使自己可以在機(jī)遇出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候能夠快速抓住它，比如你可以按月或按季度重新審視自己并用新的成果來更新你的簡歷；同步更新在LinkedIn上的信息；準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)急資金以減輕你對(duì)當(dāng)前工作的依賴；了解業(yè)內(nèi)最新消息，以便知道自己可以在哪里大展拳腳。3.Notstartingyourownbusiness3.沒有開始創(chuàng)業(yè)Remedy:Whiletheideaofbeingyourownbossisanattractiveone,noteveryoneiscutouttobeanentrepreneur.Beingresponsibleforyourownsuccess,creatingalegacyforyourfamilyandimprovingthelivesofclientsandcustomerscertainlysoundsromantic,butwhataboutthelonghours,thelackofleisuretime,theriskoffinancialfailure,thefactthatyou’retheboss,entry-levelemployee,marketer,accountantandjanitorallrolledintoone?Ifyouvaluejobstability,preferasingularfocusovermulti-tasking,aren’tparticularlycomfortablewithriskandcan’timagineyourselfhustlingfornewbusinessonadailybasis,theentrepreneuriallifestyleisn’tforyou.補(bǔ)救辦法：雖然自己當(dāng)老板的想法很誘人，但并不是每個(gè)人都適合創(chuàng)業(yè)。創(chuàng)造屬于自己的事業(yè)，讓家人過上幸福生活，改善顧客的生活，這些聽起來肯定很浪漫，但漫長的工作時(shí)間、沒有閑暇時(shí)間、承擔(dān)資金風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，身兼老板、職員、營銷人員、會(huì)計(jì)和門衛(wèi)等多個(gè)職位于一身，這些你能承受嗎？如果你喜歡穩(wěn)定的工作和專注于某項(xiàng)具體任務(wù)而不是身兼多職，又或者你不喜歡冒險(xiǎn)，你就無法想象整天為工作忙碌的生活。如果你屬于以上情況，那么創(chuàng)業(yè)并不適合你。4.Slackingatschool4.學(xué)業(yè)沒有學(xué)好Remedy:Thisisanotherhindsight-basedregretthatyoucan’tcurewithoutatimemachine.Theyears,energyanddollarsyouspentonyourdegreearesunkcosts.Youcan’tdoanythingaboutyourpastacademictrackrecord,butyoucanidentifytheareasinwhichyouthinkyoufellshortinyourcollegedaysandfigureouthowtoaugmentthoseshortcomingsinthepresent.Forexample,ifyoufeelyoudidn’tdoenoughnetworkingoutsideoftheclassroom,youmightconsiderjoininganalumnigroupormakeagreaterefforttoparticipateinprofessionalassociationsinyourfield.Ifyouregretskippingyour8:00AMmanagerialaccountingclassandmournhowusefulthoseconceptswouldbetoyounow,checkoutthecontinuingedoptionsatyournearestcommunitycollege.補(bǔ)救辦法：這也是一個(gè)后知后覺的遺憾，沒有時(shí)間機(jī)器是無法解決的。你在學(xué)業(yè)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間、精力和金錢是既定成本。你無法改變以前的學(xué)業(yè)情況，但可以找出自己在大學(xué)期間沒有學(xué)好的課程，然后想辦法從現(xiàn)在開始彌補(bǔ)。例如，如果你覺得自己在課堂外的社交有所不足，你可以考慮加入校友協(xié)會(huì)，或者努力地融入到你所在領(lǐng)域的行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)。如果你后悔錯(cuò)過了早上八點(diǎn)鐘的管理會(huì)計(jì)課程，悲嘆這些知識(shí)現(xiàn)在對(duì)你多么重要，那么你可以看看附近社區(qū)大學(xué)的這類課程。5.Lackingconfidenceinyourcareerintuition5.對(duì)自己的職業(yè)直覺缺乏信心Remedy:Whenwemakeamajordecisionsuchasaccepting(orturningdown)ajoboffer,wetendtoexerciseconfirmationbias.Ifwethinkwemadeagoodchoice,weprioritizeinformationthatsupportsthisviewandifwefearwe’vemadeamistake,wezeroinonintelorimpressionsthatreinforcethisgutfeeling.Ifyouhabituallydoubtyourcompetencewhenitcomestomakingcareerdecisions,theissueislessaboutthesubjectivequalityofyourpastchoicesandmoreaboutbuildingconfidenceinyourabilitytoguideyourcareerinasatisfyingdirectionandexertsomedegreeofcontrolovertheoutcomesofyourchoices.Addressingthiscouldinvolverecallingthecircumstancesunderwhichyoumadeaparticularchoiceandtheprioritiesyouheldatthetimeandnotinghowtheydifferfromthecircumstancesandprioritiesunderwhichyou’reevaluatingthosedecisions.Itcouldalsoinvolveworkingwithacareercoachtoidentifypatternsinyourdecision-makingandtohelpyoubolsterareasinwhichyou’dliketoincreaseyourconfidence–risktakingornegotiation,forexample.補(bǔ)救辦法：當(dāng)我們?cè)谧龀鲋卮鬀Q定時(shí)，例如接受（或拒絕）工作邀請(qǐng)時(shí)，我們往往會(huì)受到信息性偏見的影響。如果我們認(rèn)為自己做出了正確的選擇，就首先會(huì)想到那些支持這種想法的信息。但如果我們擔(dān)心自己犯了錯(cuò)誤，我們的潛意識(shí)就會(huì)增強(qiáng)這種直覺。在做出工作的決定時(shí)，如果你習(xí)慣性地懷疑自己的能力，這個(gè)問題不在于你以前所做的職業(yè)選擇是否正確，而在于你需要建立自信，相信自己有能力選擇讓自己滿意的職業(yè)，并對(duì)結(jié)果有一定的把握。若要解決這個(gè)問題，需要回憶你在做出這個(gè)選擇時(shí)所處的環(huán)境和當(dāng)時(shí)你所優(yōu)先考慮的因素，然后看看現(xiàn)在所處的環(huán)境和優(yōu)先考慮的因素是否發(fā)生了變化。此外還要與職業(yè)顧問合作，理清工作決策，幫助你增強(qiáng)進(jìn)入新領(lǐng)域的信心、承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和談判的能力。budget

['b?d?it]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.預(yù)算，預(yù)算費(fèi)vt.安排，預(yù)定；把…編入預(yù)算vi.編預(yù)算，做預(yù)算adj.廉價(jià)的stability

[st?'biliti]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.穩(wěn)定性；堅(jiān)定，恒心bump

[b?mp]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.腫塊，隆起物；撞擊vi.碰撞，撞擊；顛簸而行vt.碰，撞；顛簸adv.突然地，猛烈地priority

[prai'?r?ti]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；[數(shù)]優(yōu)先次序；優(yōu)先考慮的事gut

[ɡ?t]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.內(nèi)臟；腸子；劇情；膽量；海峽vt.取出內(nèi)臟；摧毀內(nèi)部裝置adj.簡單的；本質(zhì)的，根本的accountant

[?'kaunt?nt]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.會(huì)計(jì)師；會(huì)計(jì)人員entrepreneur

[,?ntr?pr?'n?:]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.企業(yè)家；承包人；主辦者dissatisfaction

['dis,s?tis'f?k??n]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.不滿；令人不滿的事物reinforce

[,ri:in'f?:s]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

vt.加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充vi.求援；得到增援；給予更多的支持n.加強(qiáng)；加固物；加固材料legacy

['leɡ?si]\o"真人發(fā)音"video

n.遺贈(zèng)，遺產(chǎn)TeachingYourKidstoBeRich怎樣打破富不過三代的怪圈Gettingrichishardenough.Butteachingthenextgenerationhowtoberichistricky,too.發(fā)家致富已經(jīng)夠難了，而教育下一代如何打理財(cái)富也頗為棘手。Morepeopleareconfrontingthatissueastheboomingstockmarket,animprovingeconomyandthesuccessofyoungcompaniessuchasTwitterandFacebookswelltheranksofthewell-off.By2015,roughly4.4millionwealthyNorthAmericans--thosewithatleast$1millionininvestibleassets--areexpectedtoholdatotalof$15trillion,accordingtoconsultingfirmCapgeminiandRBCWealthManagement,upfrom3.7millionpeopleand$12.7trillionin2012.股票市場(chǎng)一派繁榮、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況改善及諸如推特(Twitter)、Facebook等年輕公司的成功壯大了富裕階層的隊(duì)伍，越來越多的人正面臨著上述問題。據(jù)咨詢公司凱捷(Capgemini)及加拿大皇家銀行財(cái)富管理(RBCWealthManagement)表示，到2015年，預(yù)計(jì)約有440萬北美富人──擁有至少100萬美元可投資資產(chǎn)的人群──他們將持有總額為15萬億美元的資產(chǎn)。而在2012年，這一數(shù)據(jù)為12.7萬億美元，相應(yīng)人數(shù)為370萬。Congressalsooptedtokeepthefederalestate-taxexemptionat$5million,adjustedforinflation,keepingalotofmoneyinthehandsofwealthyfamiliesthatotherwisemighthavegonetoUncleSam.Theexemptionhadbeensettofallsharply.美國國會(huì)也選擇將聯(lián)邦遺產(chǎn)稅起征點(diǎn)保持在500萬美元，該舉措是針對(duì)通貨膨脹做出的相應(yīng)調(diào)整，這就將大量財(cái)富留在了富裕家庭的手中。否則的話，這些錢也許早已流進(jìn)了美國政府的兜里。制定這樣的起征點(diǎn)使遺產(chǎn)稅收大幅下降。Yetthechallengesarerisingatthesametimeasthestakes,accordingtoparentsandwealthadvisers.Traditionalhurdles--suchashelpingkidsrearedincomfortdevelopastrongworkethic--arecompoundedby21st-centuryones,includingmaintainingasafepresenceonsocialmedia.然而，據(jù)父母和理財(cái)顧問稱，相關(guān)挑戰(zhàn)卻正在上升，與此同時(shí)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在增高。傳統(tǒng)的難關(guān)──如幫助在舒適環(huán)境中成長的子女形成強(qiáng)烈的職業(yè)道德觀念──在21世紀(jì)變得更為復(fù)雜，包括在社交媒體上保證自身的信息安全。Manywealthyparentsworrythatfortuneswillbesquanderedandtheirchildren'slives,insteadofbeingeasedbymoney,willbemademorecomplicatedorlessproductive.Some57%oftherespondentstoa2013surveybyU.S.Trust,BankofAmerica'sprivate-bankunit,didn'tthinktheirkidswouldbereadytohandlebeingrichuntiltheywere25to34yearsold.Inasimilarsurveytheprioryear,51%hadthesameview.許多富爸爸富媽媽擔(dān)心錢財(cái)將被揮霍一空，而孩子的人生也將因?yàn)殄X變得更復(fù)雜──而不是更容易──或更沒有作為。據(jù)美國銀行(BankofAmerica)的私人銀行部門美國信托(U.S.Trust)2013年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，57%的受訪者認(rèn)為他們的子女在25至34歲之前還沒有做好當(dāng)個(gè)富人的準(zhǔn)備。而在2012年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)類似的調(diào)查中，有51%的受訪者持相同看法。Thegoodnewsistherearestrategiesthatcansmooththetransitionandloweritsrisks,expertssay.Theyrecommendstartingtotalkaboutthefamily'smoneyearly,wellbeforechildrenaregrown,andthenbuildingonthoseearlyconversationsasthetimenearswhenkidswillreceiveanyinheritance.專家稱，好消息是，現(xiàn)有一些策略能讓財(cái)富平穩(wěn)過渡并降低交接風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。他們建議父母早點(diǎn)開口談?wù)摷彝ヘ?cái)產(chǎn)的問題，在孩子長大成人很久之前就要著手進(jìn)行此事，然后在子女將繼承任何遺產(chǎn)臨近之際，再在早期談話的基礎(chǔ)上作進(jìn)一步溝通。AmyRenkert-Thomas'smaternalgrandfatherfoundedtheFisher-PriceToycompanyduringtheGreatDepressionandsolditin1969toQuakerOatsformorethan$300millionintoday'sdollars.Herfather'sfamily,meanwhile,startedalocalbrick-and-tilemanufacturerin1866,whichthefamilystillrunsandwhichgeneratesabout$10millionto$20millioninannualsales.艾米·恩卡特-托馬斯(AmyRenkert-Thomas)的外祖父在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期創(chuàng)建了費(fèi)雪玩具公司(Fisher-PriceToy)，后于1969年將公司出售給桂格·奧特斯公司(QuakerOats)，成交價(jià)相當(dāng)于今天的3億多美元。與此同時(shí)，恩卡特-托馬斯父親支系的家族在1866年創(chuàng)建了一家本地的磚瓦廠。時(shí)至今日，該廠仍由他們家族經(jīng)營，每年產(chǎn)出的銷售額約在1,000萬到2,000萬美元之間。WhileshewasgrowingupinCanton,Ohio,herparentstalkedopenlyaboutwheretheirfortunecamefromandhandedovercontrolofbrokerageaccountswithacouplehundredthousanddollarsinthemtoherandhersiblingswheneachofthemturned21.Hermotherhadgottenasimilaraccountwhenshecameofageandwantedtocontinuethepractice.當(dāng)恩卡特-托馬斯長于俄亥俄州坎頓市(Canton,Ohio)時(shí)，她的父母就公開談?wù)摿思易遑?cái)富從何而來的話題，并在恩卡特-托馬斯和她的兄弟姐妹都長到21歲時(shí)，將存有上萬美元的證券賬戶的掌控權(quán)移交給了他們。她的母親曾在與她同樣年紀(jì)的時(shí)候，接受過同樣的賬戶，她也想把這個(gè)做法傳承下去。Ms.Renkert-Thomas,whoisnow51,saystheexperiencehelpedpreparehertoinheritalargersumwhenhermotherdiedin2007andtoviewherwealthasa'potentialengineforentrepreneurship.'For12years,sheranthefamily'sbrick-and-tilebusinessinbetweenstintspracticinglaw.ShenowworksasanadvisertootherwealthyfamiliesthatownbusinessesatWithersConsultingGroupinNewHaven,Conn.現(xiàn)年51歲的恩卡特-托馬斯稱，在她母親于2007年去世時(shí)，年輕時(shí)的那段經(jīng)歷幫她做好了繼承更大一筆錢的準(zhǔn)備，并使她將這些財(cái)富視為“創(chuàng)業(yè)的潛在動(dòng)力引擎”。12年來，她都經(jīng)營著家族的磚瓦生意，在工作中摸索實(shí)踐。如今，恩卡特-托馬斯在康涅狄格州紐黑文(NewHaven,Conn)的威瑟斯咨詢集團(tuán)(WithersConsultingGroup)擔(dān)任顧問的工作，為其他擁有自家生意的富人家庭服務(wù)。'It'sveryfreeing,veryenergizing,tothinkthatthatwealthistheretobeputtogooduse,'shesays.她說：“一想到財(cái)富放在那里將得到充分利用，我就覺得特別振奮?！盚erearestepsthatexpertssaywealthyfamiliesshouldtaketohelpraisekidswhoarebothwealthyandwise:專家稱，富裕家庭應(yīng)該踐行以下步驟來培養(yǎng)又富有又聰慧的孩子。TelltheRags-to-RichesStory講一講白手起家的故事Fewfamilieshaveknownnothingbutprivilegeforgenerationaftergeneration.Maybeitistheparents,orthegrandparents,orthegreat-grandparents,butsomeoneonthefamilytreeonlygotrichafterexperiencingstruggleand,likely,earlyfailure.幾乎沒有哪個(gè)家族世世代代都是富有的。也許是父母那一代，或是祖父母那一代，亦或是曾祖父母那一代，不論是哪一位，家譜上總會(huì)有某個(gè)人是經(jīng)歷艱苦奮斗后才致富的，而且他創(chuàng)業(yè)初期很有可能遭遇過失敗。Familieshavetotellthestoryofwherethemoneycamefrom,saysNealeGodfrey,chairwomanoftheChildren'sFinancialNetwork,afinancial-educationfirmbasedinChesterTownship,N.J.兒童的金融網(wǎng)(Children'sFinancialNetwork)的女董事長尼爾·戈弗雷(NealeGodfrey)稱，這些家庭必須得講一講有關(guān)錢從何而來的故事。該網(wǎng)站是一家總部位于新澤西州切斯特鎮(zhèn)(ChesterTownship,N.J.)的金融教育公司。'Kidsaresoinsulatedfromhowitgotcreatedinthefirstplace,'shesays.Bythetimetheyoungestgenerationarrives,thehousesareoftenalreadylarge,thebeachhouseiswelllived-inandtheclubmembershipshavebeenlongsecured.她說：“孩子們對(duì)這一切最初是如何創(chuàng)造出來的是如此無知?！痹谧钅暧椎倪@一代呱呱墜地之時(shí)，家里的房子通常已經(jīng)很寬敞了，海濱度假屋也很少閑置，而俱樂部會(huì)員也是老早就獲得了。Onewaytogetchildreninvolvedistoshowthemwhereitallstarted--thefirstfactoryopenedbythebusiness,forinstance.Ms.Renkert-Thomassaysherfatherusedtopointoutstructuresbuiltwiththefamily'sbrickproductsastheytraveledaroundtownduringherchildhood.讓孩子們參與到家業(yè)中的一種方式是向他們展示一切都是從哪里開始的──比如說，家族企業(yè)開辦的第一家工廠。恩卡特-托馬斯說，童年時(shí)期，當(dāng)父親帶著他們游逛城鎮(zhèn)時(shí)，他常常會(huì)指出那些用自家磚瓦產(chǎn)品修建出來的建筑。Intellingthefamily'sstory,besuretoincludementionofthemistakesandfailuresalongtheway,adviserssay.Itishardforkidstogrowupinahousewheretheythinktheirparentsaresuperheroes.顧問們稱，在講述家族故事的時(shí)候，要確保提及這一路中犯過的錯(cuò)誤、經(jīng)歷過的失敗。對(duì)于生長在這種家庭環(huán)境中──將自己的父母視為超級(jí)英雄──的孩子，他們很難成長起來。GiveaSenseofWhat'sComing提前讓孩子對(duì)未來有個(gè)底U.S.Trust'ssurveyfoundthat53%ofrespondentswhohadchildrenage25andolderhaddisclosedonlyalittlebitofinformationabouttheirwealthtotheirkids.Another8%hadsaidnothingatall--anapproachthat,accordingtotheexperts,courtsdisaster.美國信托的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些子女年紀(jì)已達(dá)25歲或大于25歲的受訪者中有53%的人只向他們的孩子透露了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)有關(guān)自家財(cái)富的信息。而另有8%的受訪者更是對(duì)此只字未提──據(jù)專家們認(rèn)為，這種方式將會(huì)招致禍端。Aphonecallbyatrustofficeronanheir's21stbirthdayisn'tthewaytobreakthenewsthatasizablefortuneawaits.Theconversationshouldbeginatleastadecadeearlier,andintroductionstothetrustofficerandtheadvisersshouldstartintheearlyteenyears,adviserssay.讓信托人員在繼承人21歲生日那天打電話過去告知他們說，有一筆可觀的財(cái)富正等著他們，用這種方式宣告此類信息的做法并不對(duì)。顧問稱，與之相關(guān)的對(duì)話至少應(yīng)該在12年前就開始進(jìn)行了，而在子女青春期初期，父母就該著手向他們介紹信托人員和顧問了。'Thesurpriseneverworks.Kidsareblindsidedandhavenoideawhattodo,'Ms.Godfreysays.戈弗雷說：“這種驚喜從來都是行不通的。孩子們會(huì)傻了眼，并且不知道該怎么辦。”Shesaysthatinonefamilysheknows,theoldestsoninherited$7millionatage21withnopriornotice.Hejustmetwiththefamily'sfinancialadviser,whohandedhimacheckandsaidmorewascomingatage30.她說，在她了解的一家人中，長子在之前完全不知情的情況下于21歲時(shí)繼承了700萬美元的遺產(chǎn)。他才剛剛見了自家的財(cái)務(wù)顧問，后者遞給他一張支票，并說等他到了30歲的時(shí)候，還會(huì)得到更多的錢。TheyoungmandroppedoutofcollegeandboughtaFerrari,latercrashingthecarandfritteringthemoneyawayduetoasubstance-abuseproblem,andendingupinrehabilitation.這名年輕男子從大學(xué)退學(xué)后，買了一輛法拉利(Ferrari)，后來又撞了車，并因?yàn)闉E用藥物問題將錢財(cái)揮霍一空，最終進(jìn)了戒毒所。Ms.Godfreysaysshewasbroughtinbytheparentstohelppreventthesamethingfromhappeningwithtwoyoungersiblings.Sherecommendedtheotherchildrenmeetwithfinancialadviserswellbeforetheyreceivedanyoftheirinheritance.戈弗雷稱，她被這名男子的父母領(lǐng)進(jìn)他們家?guī)兔?，以防另外兩個(gè)弟妹重蹈哥哥的覆轍。她建議其他的孩子在繼承任何遺產(chǎn)之前，早早地就與財(cái)經(jīng)顧問會(huì)會(huì)面。Thatdoesn'tmeanthatkidsneedtoknowallthedetailsaboutthefamilyfinances.Theconversationscanproceedinanage-appropriateway,expertssay.這并不是說，孩子得對(duì)家庭財(cái)務(wù)狀況了如指掌。專家稱，這種談話可以以一種適合孩子年齡的方式推進(jìn)。JolineGodfrey,chiefexecutiveofficeratfinancial-educationfirmIndependentMeansinSantaBarbara,Calif.(andnorelationtoNealeGodfrey),sayshercompanystartsteachingchildrenasyoungasfiveaboutfinancialliteracy,thengraduallyexpandsintoothertopics,includingwhatatrustisandwhyitissmarttohaveagoodrelationshipwiththetrusteeand,eventually,howtosetupprenuptialagreementswhentheybecomeyoungadults.位于加州圣巴巴拉(SantaBarbaraCalif.)的金融教育公司獨(dú)立謀生手段(IndependentMeans)的首席執(zhí)行長裘琳·戈弗雷（JolineGodfrey,與前述的尼爾·戈弗雷沒有任何關(guān)系）說，她的公司早在孩子們五歲時(shí)就開始教授他們金融知識(shí)，然后逐漸擴(kuò)展到其他主題，包括什么是信托以及為何與受托人關(guān)系融洽是明智之舉，最后是，當(dāng)他們成年時(shí)如何擬定婚前協(xié)議。'Ifyoucanbeginthetalkearly,bythetimetheyare10and12yearsoldtheyhaveanorientationtofinancialliteracy,andit'seasiertodealwiththanwhentheyare19yearsoldandthisisthefirsttheyarehearingofit,'shesays.她說：“如果你能早點(diǎn)開啟這種對(duì)話，那等他們到了10至12歲的時(shí)候，他們就會(huì)對(duì)金融知識(shí)有個(gè)大致了解，這比等他們年滿19歲才第一次聽說相關(guān)事宜要更易處理?！盌on'tdiscountthevalueofgames,either.Traditionalboardgamescanhelpboostfinancialawareness,accordingtoadviserswhocitedtheGameofLifeandPayDay,bothmadebyHasbro,asexamples.也不要小視游戲的價(jià)值。顧問稱，傳統(tǒng)的棋盤游戲有助于增強(qiáng)金融意識(shí)。他們列舉了《游戲人生》(GameofLife)和《收獲日》(PayDay)兩款游戲，這些都是由孩之寶(Hasbro)制造推出的。Inaddition,awebsitecalledtheSecretMillionairesClub()featuresanimatedvideoswithvoice-oversbyBillGatesandWarrenBuffettteachingthebasicsoffinancialdecision-makingandstartingabusiness.Thesite,whichistargetedatabroadaudience,offersanumberofothereducationalgamesandresourcesforparentsandteachers.除此之外，一個(gè)名叫神秘的百萬富翁俱樂部(SecretMillionairesClub)的網(wǎng)站()制作了系列動(dòng)畫視頻教授金融決策和創(chuàng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，由比爾·蓋茨(BillGates)和沃倫·巴菲特(WarrenBuffett)來配音。以普通大眾為受眾的這家網(wǎng)站還向家長和老師提供大量的其他教育類游戲與資源。ExplaintheNeedforDiscretion解釋為何需要謹(jǐn)言慎行Oncechildrenhaveageneralfeelfortheirfamily'sfinances,itiseasiertoexplaintheneedfordiscretionandprivacy.一旦孩子對(duì)自家的財(cái)務(wù)狀況有了一個(gè)大致的了解，再向他們解釋謹(jǐn)言慎行和保護(hù)隱私的必要性就容易得多。Thatconversationisparticularlyimportantforteenagersandpreteenswhomaybeestablishingapresenceonsocialmedia.GoingonFacebookorTwittertodescribedetailsofthefamily'supcomingskitriptoGstaadcanincreasetheriskoftheft,adviserssay.Itisbettertoshareinformationinamorecontrolledwaywithaclosercircleoffriendsbyemail,forexample.這類談話對(duì)于那些可能正在社交媒體上建立自己一席之地的青少年和青春期以前的孩子尤其重要。顧問稱，到Facebook或推特上描述全家將去格施塔德(Gstaad)共渡滑雪之旅的點(diǎn)滴細(xì)節(jié)將會(huì)增加被盜風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最好是在一個(gè)更親近的朋友圈內(nèi)以一種更可控的方式分享信息，比如說，發(fā)發(fā)郵件。U.S.TrustisaddingcontentaboutonlinesecurityandidentityprotectiontoitsFinancialEmpowermenteducationprogramforthechildrenofclients,inpartbecauseclientshaveraisedquestionsaboutthetopic,saysChrisHeilmann,oversawtheprogram'screation.克里斯·海爾曼(ChrisHeilmann)說，美國信托正在將有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和身份保護(hù)的內(nèi)容加入到針對(duì)客戶子女的金融賦權(quán)(FinancialEmpowerment)教育課程中去，部分原因是客戶提出了與之相關(guān)的問題。海爾曼監(jiān)管了該項(xiàng)目的創(chuàng)新。Evenasadults,heirsneedtolearnhowtohandlequestionsabouttheirpersonalcircumstances,particularlygiventhatlistsofthewealthythatareeasilyavailableonlinecanmakeitdifficulttomaintainasenseofprivacy.即使作為成年人，繼承者也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何處理有關(guān)個(gè)人情況的問題，尤其是考慮到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的富豪榜單唾手可得，這就使保護(hù)隱私變得困難。AnnFreel,directoroffamilyeducationandgovernanceservicesatprivatebankNorthernTrust,saysshehadclientsinasmalltownwhogrewanxiousabouthowtorespondtoquestionsfromfriendsaftertheyquittheirjobstodofull-timevolunteerwork.私人銀行北方信托(NorthernTrust)家庭教育與管理服務(wù)部主管安·菲涅爾(AnnFreel)稱，她有一些客戶在小城鎮(zhèn)，這些人在辭職去做全職志愿者工作后被朋友問到一些問題，他們不知該如何應(yīng)答，因而變得焦慮。Thebankcoachedthecouplethroughscenarioswheretheywouldhavetorespondtoquestions.'Theyrealizedthatnotonlyweremostofthequestionsquiteinnocent,butthattheycouldeffectivelymanagetheinquiriesanddeflectunwantedattention,'Ms.Freelsays.該銀行對(duì)這對(duì)夫婦進(jìn)行了培訓(xùn)，培訓(xùn)場(chǎng)境設(shè)定為他們不得不回答問題的狀態(tài)。菲涅爾說：“他們不僅認(rèn)識(shí)到，大多數(shù)問題都沒有惡意，而且還意識(shí)到自己能夠有效地處理這些詢問、轉(zhuǎn)移不必要的注意力?！盬alktheWalk說干就干，要付諸行動(dòng)Oncechildrenunderstandthattheyarebetterofffinanciallythanmosteveryonearoundthem,parentsoftenmustworkalittlehardertoimpartdown-to-earthvalues.一旦孩子們了解到他們比周圍大多數(shù)人都富有后，父母常常得稍微努力些、向他們傳授腳踏實(shí)地的價(jià)值觀。'Youcanstartassoonasyourkidssay'Iwant.'Kidspronetoimmediategratificationhavelowerself-esteem.Kidswhounderstandmoneyismorethaninstantgratificationhavehigherself-esteem,'saysNathanDungan,awealthcoachinMinneapolisandauthorof'ProdigalSonsandMaterialGirls:HowNottoBeYourChild'sATM.'明尼阿波里斯市(Minneapolis)的財(cái)富教練、《浪蕩公子與物質(zhì)女孩：如何不當(dāng)孩子的自動(dòng)提款機(jī)》(ProdigalSonsandMaterialGirls:HowNottoBeYourChild'sATM)一書的作者內(nèi)森·鄧根(NathanDungan)說：“你可以從孩子一說‘我想要’時(shí)就開始行動(dòng)。那些傾向于及時(shí)享樂的孩子自尊心較差，而那些認(rèn)為金錢不止是及時(shí)行樂的孩子則自尊心更強(qiáng)?！盩hetaskisevenmoredifficultifparentsdon'tpracticewhattheypreach.Tryingtoteachthevalueofadollaristoughwhenparentsmakelotsofshoppingtripstohigh-endstores.Similarly,amessageabouttheimportanceofviewingothersasequalsmaynotcarryasmuchweightifaparentusesademeaningtoneofvoicewithserviceworkers.如果父母不能以身作則的話，那這項(xiàng)任務(wù)就更為艱巨了。當(dāng)家長頻繁出入高檔商場(chǎng)、進(jìn)行大量購物之旅時(shí)，再試著向子女教授一美元的價(jià)值是很困難的。與之類似的是，如果家長用一種有損他人人格的口吻跟服務(wù)員交流的話，那有關(guān)平等待人的重要性的說教可能也很難有什么份量了。'Kidsdevelopattitudesaboutmoneyandwealthbyobservingtheirparent'sday-to-dayactionsmorethananythingelse,'Ms.Freelsays.菲涅爾說：“孩子們通過觀察父母的日常行為從而形成了自己對(duì)金錢和財(cái)富的態(tài)度，這種耳濡目染的影響力超過任何其他東西?！盩hoselessonsalsocancontinueintoadulthood.FrankCrocetti,whois62andaformerexecutiveatFidelityInvestments,isaprivateinvestorandaboardmemberofatechnologystartupcompany.Hesayshetriedtoteachhischildrenbasiclessonswhiletheyweregrowingup.那些課程也可以持續(xù)到成年期。富達(dá)投資(FidelityInvestments)前高管、現(xiàn)年62歲的弗蘭克·克羅塞蒂(FrankCrocetti)是一名私人投資者，也是一家科技初創(chuàng)公司的董事會(huì)成員。他說，在子女成長期間，他曾試著向他們教授一些基本的課程。'Itriedtomakethemsmartaboutmoney,'saysMr.Crocetti,wholivesinBoston.Hearrangedinrecentyearsforhis32-year-oldson,Paul,andPaul'swifetogothroughU.S.Trust'sfinancial-educationprogram.現(xiàn)居波士頓(Boston)的克羅塞蒂說：“我試著讓他們對(duì)錢變得精明?！苯┠?，他安排自己32歲的兒子保羅(Paul)和兒媳參加了美國信托的金融教育項(xiàng)目。Establishinggoodworkhabitsalsocanstartatayoungage.Parentscanprovideallowancesforchorescompletedaroundthehouseand,later,suggestentry-leveljobsinarestaurantoralocalstore.養(yǎng)成良好的工作習(xí)慣也能從年輕的時(shí)候開始。父母可以給