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IoTThreats

ThescarystateoftheInternetofThings

Alex”Jay”Balan

RaduBasaraba

Bitdefender

ChiefSecurityResearcher

Bitdefender

SeniorIoTSecurityResearcher

SMARTEVERYTHING

Smartlightbulb&WiFirepeater

SmartThermostat

SmartBarbiedoll

SmartPortablefishfinder

SmartYogaMat

SmartPowerOutlet

SmartLightbulb

SmartMusicPlayer

SmartCoffeeMaker

IOTHACKING-TOOLSOFTHETRADE

?MobileAppdebugging

?Networktools(nmap,wireshark,slssplit,etc)

?EvilTwinattacks

?UART(UniversalAsynchronousReceive&Transmit)

?JTAG(JointTestActionGroup)–HWDebug

?SPI(SerialPeripheralInterface)

?I2C(Inter-IntegratedCircuit)

GOALS:

?Accessfilesystem

?Dumpmemory

?Hijackbootloader

?Seenetworktraffic

Managementinterface?Firmware/Filesystemexposureyields

waysofhackingthedeviceinmostcases

THEMOSTCOMMONISSUES

?Defaultpasswords.Undocumented.

?Weakornoencryptionwhentalkingoutsidethenetworkenablingremotetakeover

?Commandinjectioninsomeofthedevice’sunauthenticatedinteractions

?Veryold(asoldas2008orevenolder)services(dns,ssh,webserver,etc)withallthevulnerabilitiesthatcomewiththem.Weidentifiedacumulatednumberof300(!!!)vulnerabilitiesforasingledevicesimplybecauseeachservicehadanaverageof70-100vulnerabilitiesidentifiedtodate(fromDoStoLFI,RCE.Yougettheidea)

?WiFiconfigurationhotspotsthateitherremainopenoncesetupisfinishedorcanbestartedeasily

?Firmwareupdatesareavailablebuttheyarestillvery

non-intuitiveinmanydevicesandusersdon’tapplythem.

IMPACT

?It’smuchmoredifficulttostopattackson“things”thantraditionallaptopsandsmartphones.Ifanattackerdecidestostartplayingwithahome’ssmartlightsmostpeoplewillbepowerlesstodoanythingaboutitbarshuttingdownthepowerentirely

?Inalotofscenarios,thedeviceswillleaktheWiFipassword.Insome,theywillleakevenmoresensitiveinformation

?Manydevicesrunbusyboxandcanbeusedto“pivot”orsniffsensitivedatainthelocalnetwork.

?We’vealreadyseenrootkitsdesignedespeciallyforARMarchitecturesandbusyboxplacingthedevicesintobotnets.

?In2014100.000refrigeratorswereincorporatedintoabotnetthatwasabletosend750.000spame-mailsinburstsof100.000emailsatatime,threetimesaday.

EXAMPLES

SMARTPOWEROUTLET

SMARTDOORBELL

SMARTPOWEROUTLET

?Populardevicefromareputablevendor

?Weakencryptionwhentalkingtotheinternet

?Leakssensitiveinformationviaweakencryptedchannels

?Iftheuserconfigurese-mailnotifications,thee-mailcredentialswillbeleakedaswell

?Undocumenteddefaultcredentialsenableattackerstoremotelycontrolallpoweroutletsthatdidn’tchangethedefaultpasswords

?RemotecommandinjectionprovidesaconnectbackshellandfullremotecontrolofthedeviceattheOSlevel.

SMARTPOWEROUTLET

DEMO

SMARTDOORBELL

Telnet?Toobadwedon’thavecredentials

?Step1:nmap&wireshark

SMARTDOORBELL

?Step2:studythemanagementapk

;RCE

SMARTDOORBELL

DEMO#1

SMARTDOORBELL

HACKINGISHARD.WHYNOTDOITTHEEASYWAY?

SMARTDOORBELL

DEMO#2

FINALNOTES

?Pentestyoureverything

?Additionally,keepinmindafewkeyitems:

?Alwaysuseproperencryptiononallcommunicationchannels

?Don’tlettheconfigurationAPonafterthesetupisfinished

?Ifyouneedtoprovidetelnetaccesstothedeviceenforceapasswordchange

?Forthatmatterenforceapasswordchangeeverywherewhereapplicable

?Rememberthatuserssimplylovethecomfortpr

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