新課標(biāo)英語：專題一+閱讀理解1+Word版含解析

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題一 A(2019·陜西咸陽模擬)話題：介紹公司難度：★建議用時：5分CompanieswithKidCEOsMaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompanyUnlikemanyyoungCEOs,17-year-oldMaxineMarcusbuiltaservice，notaproduct.Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKiddingThispairofbrotherscreatessomeprettystylishsocksfortheircompany，AreYouKidding.Theyincludefun，colorfuldesignsforkidsandadults，buttheircharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDonBenjaminwasjust15whenhedecidedtoturnhispassionforsneakersintoabusiness，dealinginhard-to-get，limitededitionkicks.Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers(零售商)tohelphimgetthemostsought-aftershoesinbulk(批量)forSneakerDon.Hecurrentlycountsstarathletesandmusicians，includingDJKhaledandP．Diddy，amonghisclients.MihirGarimella，F(xiàn)ireflyThis18-year-oldStanfordfreshmanhasanumberofprojectsalreadyunderhisbelt，includingcreatingahomeworkapptoreplacepaperplannersandworkingontechnologytohelpwithaccidentalinjuriesinasoccergame.Buthislatestwork，F(xiàn)ireflyAutonomy，involvesbuildingautonomousdrones(無人機(jī))thatcangointodangerousordifficultlocations，frominspectingequipmenttoconducting.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾家CEO是年輕人的公司。)1．Inwhosecompanycanpeoplebuysportsshoes?A．MihirGarimella.B．Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik.C．MaxineMarcus.D．BrandonandSebastianMartinez.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDon部分“Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers(零售商)tohelphimgetthemostsought-aftershoesinbulk(批量)forSneakerDon.”可知在本杰明的公司，人們可以買到運(yùn)動鞋，故選B。2．WhatdoesTheAmbassadorCompanyprovide?A．Technology. B．Socks.C．Opinions. D．Equipment.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由MaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompany部分最后一句“Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.”可知選C。3．WhatmakesAreYouKiddingpopular?A．Itshomeworkapp.B．Itssoccergame.C．Itspotentialclients.D．ItsCharityline.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKidding部分“...buttheirCharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.”可知，它的Charityline使得它很受歡迎，故選D。B(2019·山東青島二模)話題：幫助窮人難度：★★建議用時：7分VijayGuptaisknowntoclassicalmusicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.HeservesasfirstviolinistfortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob，heoftenplaystolargecrowds，includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming，heorganizesconcertsforhomelesspeople.“TheyhaveremindedmewhyIbecameamusician，”hesaid.Lastweek，GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship，commonlyknownasthe“geniusgrant”．Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup，theJohnD．a(chǎn)ndKatherineT．MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants(補(bǔ)助金)topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandthat“inspireshopeinusall”．GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteachingNathanielAyers，atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohomelessness.The31-year-oldgrantwinnersaidhedoesnotknowyethowhewillspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersinceagesevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe，planandlookahead.”AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur，anassociateprofessorofsociologyandlawintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.47-year-oldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancialresourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthecostoflegalservicesisonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheothersarefearsaboutunfairnessinthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhasbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem，butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw，whichalsoaffectsmillionsofpeople.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了美國兩位麥克阿瑟獎學(xué)金的獲獎?wù)吖牌账蜕５赂柗謩e通過為流浪者演奏音樂和為窮人爭取法律援助而幫助窮人的故事。4．WhydidGuptawintheaward?A．Forhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.B．Forperformingforlargecrowds.C．Fororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.D．ForthefriendshipwithNathanielAyers.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.”可知，古普塔獲得該獎是因為他組織的街道交響樂團(tuán)為流浪者演奏音樂，故C項正確。5．WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?A．Itisfoundedbythegovernment.B．Itoffered$625,000to25winnersin2018.C．Itallowsthewinnerstousethemoneyfreely.D．Itawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句“Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.”可知，每一位獲獎?wù)邔⒃谖迥陜?nèi)獲得62.5萬美元的獎金，供其隨意使用，故C項正確。6．WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?A．Shemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.B．Shemadethelegalsystemfairer.C．Shepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.D．Sheofferedlegalaidstothepoorfreely.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.”可知，美聯(lián)社稱，桑德福爾的研究為貧困地區(qū)參與美國司法系統(tǒng)提供了新途徑。由此可知，桑德福爾使窮人更容易獲得法律援助，故A項正確。7．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GrantsWinners，InspiringthePoorB．TheCityHomeless，inNeedofHelpC．VijayGupta，anExtraordinaryViolinistD．MacArthurFoundation，AwardingExceptionalWork答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了美國兩位麥克阿瑟獎學(xué)金的獲獎?wù)吖牌账蜕５赂柗謩e通過為流浪者演奏音樂和為窮人爭取法律援助而幫助窮人的故事，故A項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。C(2019·天津部分區(qū)二模)話題：破解基因難度：★★★建議用時：8分Hackingisn’tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy，scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday，theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodsproducedaroundtheworld.Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight，waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes，thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally，thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight，itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade，theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant’sgenes，theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent，whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense，butcautionedtheyield(產(chǎn)量)mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still，sheaddedinanemail，“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種通過破解植物基因使其更快地利用陽光的方法，這種方法對提高糧食產(chǎn)量是個重大突破。8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.B．Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.C．Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.D．Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.”可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種破解植物基因的方法，可以使植物更快地利用陽光。由此可知，植物的基因可以通過破解來改變，故B項正確。9．Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?A．Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.B．Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.C．Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.D．Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.”可知，科學(xué)家在研究中選擇使用煙草植物是因為它們的基因很容易改變，故B項正確。10．Whatdoweknowaboutphotosynthesis?A．Ithelpsplantstoproduceenergy.B．Itisregardedasaproductivesystemforplants.C．Itcanincreaseleafgrowthonplantsby14percent.D．Itismadeupofsunlight，waterandcarbondioxide.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，光合作用這個詞用來描述植物如何利用陽光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物。由此可知，光合作用能幫助植物產(chǎn)生能量，故A項正確。11．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved.A．useless B．deadlyC．effective D．unrealistic答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知，科學(xué)家在研究中使用的植物葉片生長量增加了，由此可知，破解植物基因的方法證明是有效的，故C項正確。D(2019·廣東揭陽二模)話題：真正的美麗難度：★★★建議用時：8分You’resoyoungrightnow，butIhopethisletterwillbehelpfultoyouonedaywhenyou’reolder.Ifeelitismyresponsibility，asamotheroftwolittlegirls，toleadyoudownapaththatisrelativelyhealthywhenitcomestobeautyandself-image.Inalotofwomen’seyes，I’veprobablyalreadyfailedinthisaspectduetoalotofpinkBarbiedollsinVera’sroomrightnow.ButIwillsaythisaboutBarbiedolls:IplayedwithBarbiedollsformanyyearswhenIwasgrowingupandhereIhaveahealthybodyandapositiveimage.Ihaveamaster’sdegree，asuccessfulcareerandapublishedbook.IfBarbiedollswerereallysodamagingtomyfemininity(女人氣質(zhì))andself-image，IhighlydoubtwhetherIcouldlistalloftheseachievements.It’shardforwomennottoworryaboutourweightortowishwecouldaffordmorestylishclothes.It’shardnottowantsomeoneelse’shairoreyelashes.Wewomengoroundandroundincircles，holdinghandsandtryingtobeoneanothersometimes.ThethingI’lltellyouisthis:noteventheprettiestofusfeelsettled.Thegirlyouthinklooksthemostperfectinalltheworldisprobablythegirlwhowantstochangeherselfmorethananyoneelse.Don’tletthatmessagecarryanyweightwithinyourselves.Youarenotworthless.Youaresofullofloveandlightandyoushouldletitshinethroughyoureverysecond.Ifsomeonepushesyoudownforstandingtallthenjustpushyourselfbackupandstandeventaller，andknowthatthereasonwhytheypushedyoudowninthefirstplaceisjustthatthey’rescared.IwanttotellyouthatIhaveneverinmylifefeltmorebeautifulthanwhenIhavestoodmytallest.語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。作者告訴自己的女兒什么才是真正的美麗。女性都喜歡追求完美的外表，而真正的美麗是帶著愛和堅強(qiáng)挺直腰板。12．WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutBarbiedolls?A．Theydidnoharmtoherimage.B．Theyenabledhertoachievealot.C．Theypreventedherdevelopment.D．Theycontributedtoherpromotion.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“IfBarbiedollswerereallysodamagingtomyfemininity(女人氣質(zhì))andself-image，IhighlydoubtwhetherIcouldlistalloftheseachievements.”可知，作者認(rèn)為芭比娃娃對她的自我形象無害，故選A。13．Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A．It’swomen’snaturetobeenvious.B．It’seasytoreadwomen’sthoughts.C．Womenliketobeclosetoeachother.D．Womentendtopursueaperfectappearance.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“It’shardforwomennottoworryaboutourweightortowishwecouldaffordmorestylishclothes.”可知女性往往傾向于追求完美的外表。故選D。14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestherdaughtersdo?A．Trytobethemostbeautiful.B．Standtallwithloveandtoughness.C．Comparethemselveswithotherstoimprove.D．Pushothersdownonthewaytobethetallest.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者希望女兒帶著愛和堅強(qiáng)挺直腰板。故選B。15．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingtheletter?A．Totellherdaughterswhatrealbeautyis.B．Towarnherdaughtersofthetroubleinlife.C．Tosharewithherdaughtersallherexperiences.D．Topersuadeherdaughterstofollowherexample.答案A解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Ifeelitismyresponsibility，asamotheroftwolittlegirls，toleadyoudownapaththatisrelativelyhealthywhenitcomestobeautyandself-image.”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者寫信的主要目的是告訴女兒什么才是真正的美麗，故選A。二 A(2019·四川雙流中學(xué)模擬)話題：夏威夷景色難度：★建議用時：6分OneofthehardestpartsofplanningatriptoHawaiiisdecidingwhichofthemajorHawaiianIslandsyoushouldvisit.Eachhasitsownpersonalityandoffersuniqueadventuresandactivities.OahuOahuhasabitofeverything，packedin597squaremiles.Youcanhikeintothickrainforests，andwhenyouneedabreak，relaxonpowderywhitesandbeachesandstayatluxuryresorts.Oahuhasbecomeagreatdestinationforfamilies.Theurbancore(核心)ofHonoluluandWaikikihashistoricsites，museumsandbustling(熙熙攘攘的)andnightlifescenes.TheislandlivesuptoitsnicknameoftheGatheringPlace.MauiMauiisagreatislandforhoneymooners.TheValleyIslehastop-classresortsandgolfcourses，adjacent(毗鄰)tosomeofthestate’sbestbeaches.Seeingalargedormant(休眠)volcanoineastMauiatsunriseorsunsetisasereneexperience，aswellasdrivingtheRoadtoHana，famedforitsthunderingwaterfalls.KauaiKauaiistheoldestofthemainHawaiianIslands.Theislandgetsalotofrain，butthat’swhatmakesitsolively，andyou’llcomeacrossflowersandplantsyou’veneverseenbefore.Forsomeofthebestviewsontheisland，visitWaimeaCanyon，knownastheGrandCanyonofthePacific，andtheNaPalicoast，boastingsomeoftheworld’shighestseacliffs.BigIslandTheBigIslandistheonlyHawaiianislandstillgrowing.WitnessthepowerofPele，theHawaiiangoddessoffire，wind，lightningandvolcanoeswithavisittotheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalPark.It’soneofthefewspotsintheworldwhereyoucanseelavaflow.Infact，theBigIslandhas10oftheworld’ssub-climatezones，fromthesnow-coveredmountainofMaunaKea，greenforestsofWaipioValleytostretchesofbarrendesert.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了夏威夷部分島嶼的景色。每一個島嶼都有自己的個性，提供獨特的風(fēng)景和活動。1．Whichisyoungcouples’favorite?A．Oahu. B．Maui.C．Kauai. D．BigIsland.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Mauiisagreatislandforhoneymooners.”可知，毛伊島是度蜜月的好地方，適合年輕的夫妻去。故選B。2．HowisOahudifferentfromtheotherplaces?A．ItbelongstoHawaii.B．Itoffersthebestbeaches.C．Ithasvarietiesofplants.D．Youcanexperiencecitylifeonit.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在瓦胡島可以體驗城市生活，這是不同于其他幾個地方的。故選D。3．WhatdoMauiandBigIslandhaveincommon?A．Theyarebothcoveredwithsnow.B．Youcanhavealookatavolcano.C．Weatherischangeable.D．Thereisplentyofrain.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，在毛伊島有休眠的火山；根據(jù)最后一段可知，夏威夷大島也有火山。故選B。B(2019·河北衡水中學(xué)調(diào)研)話題：美國總統(tǒng)特朗普難度：★★建議用時：7分DonaldJohnTrump(bornonJune14,1946)，isanAmericanbusinessmanandpoliticianwhobecamethePresident-electoftheUnitedStatesonNovember8,2016.Since1971hehaschairedTheTrumpOrganization，theprincipalholdingcompanyforhisrealestateventuresandotherbusinessinterests.Duringhisbusinesscareer，Trumphasbuiltofficetowers，hotels，casinos，golfcourses，andotherbrandedfacilitiesworldwide.TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCityandreceivedabachelor’sdegreeineconomicsfromtheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityofPennsylvaniain1968.In1971，hewasgivencontrolofhisfatherFredTrump’srealestateandconstructionfirm.TrumphasappearedattheMissUSApageants，whichheownedfrom1996to2015，andhasmadecameoappearancesinfilmsandtelevisionseries.Trumpandhisbusinesses，aswellashisthreemarriages，havereceivedprominentmediaexposure.HehostedapopularNBCrealityshow，TheApprentice，from2004to2015.Asof2016，hewaslistedbyForbesasthe324thwealthiestpersonintheworld，and156thintheUnitedStates，withanetworthof$3.7billioninOctober2016.TrumpfirstcampaignedfortheUSpresidencyin2000，winningtwoReformPartyprimaries.OnJune16,2015，Trumpagainannouncedhiscandidacyforpresident，thistimeasaRepublican.Trumpbecameknownforhisoppositiontoillegalimmigrationandfreetradeagreements，aswellashisfrequentlynon-interventionistviewsonforeignpolicy，andquicklyemergedastheRepublicannominationfront-runner.AsofMarch23,2016，Trumphaswon21contestsinthe2016Republicanpresidentialprimaries.Hewaselectedasthe45thUSpresidentinthe2016electionontheRepublicanticket，defeatingDemocraticnomineeHillaryClinton，andtookofficeonJanuary20,2017.At70yearsold，heistheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了美國的第45位總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普。)4．Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)biographybookC．a(chǎn)sciencebook D．a(chǎn)nadvertisement答案B解析文章出處題?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了美國的第45位總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普，這是一篇人物傳記，故選B項。5．WhereisDonaldTrump’shometown?A．InLondon. B．InParis.C．InNewYork. D．InBeijing.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“TrumpwasbornandraisedinNewYorkCity...”可知，他的家鄉(xiāng)是紐約。故選C。6．FromthepassagewecanknowthatDonaldTrumpwas.A．wealthyandsuccessfulB．intelligentbutmeanC．good-temperedandtolerantD．forgetfulandsensitive答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)前三段內(nèi)容可推知，他富有且成功。故選A。7．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A．DonaldTrumpisonlysuccessfulinbusinessfieldB．DonaldTrumpwasborninapoorfamilyC．DonaldTrumpisinfavorofillegalimmigrationD．DonaldTrumpistheoldestpresidentoftheUnitedStates答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“At70yearsold，heistheoldestpersontoeverassumethepresidency.”可知，他是美國歷史上年紀(jì)最大的總統(tǒng)。故選D。C(2019·湖南懷化二模)話題：學(xué)歷和收入難度：★★★建議用時：8分What’sthepointofstudying?It’ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou’restudyingforadegreeandyou’restrugglingtocompletehomeworkorinanexam，especiallyifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingagoodtime，orareworkingandearninglotsofmoney.Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareerishardtoachieveandgraduatesendupdoingsomethingtheyareoverqualifiedfor.Withtheincreasingcostsofuniversity，studentsbegintoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer.Thereisaneedformuchbettercareeradviceandguidanceintoemploymentinadditiontouniversityeducation.Butothernewresearchsaysthatadegreewillinthelongrun，earnyoumore.Howevertherearedifferencesinyourearningpotential.DrJackBrittonsaysthat“graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof￡33,500afterfiveyears—about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities.”However，ithasfoundit’snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthatcanplayapartinwhatyoucanearn，suchasthesubjectastudentchoosestostudy.Itdiscoveredthatfiveyearsaftergraduation，theincomegapbetweenstudentswhostudiedthesubjectsthatattractthehighestandlowestsalariescanbeconsiderable.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw，medicine，dentistryaswell，tendtodowell.Andastheyprogress，thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers，suchasthecreativearts，widens.Therearefactorstoothatinfluencewhatyoumightearn:Fiveyearsaftergraduation，menearnonaverage14%morethanwomen.Also，astudent’ssocialbackgroundcanhaveaneffect，withthosefrombetter-offhouseholdmuchmorelikelytogotouniversityandparticularlyagoodone.Butifyoustillfeeluniversitydoesn’tdeliverthebestopportunitiesthenthereareencouragingwordsfromAlistairJarvis，headofuniversitiesUK，whotoldBBCNewsthat“Employersaredemandingmoregraduatesandgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.Therearemanygoodgraduateoutcomescomingfromuniversities.”Somaybeallthatstudyingisworthit—afterall“nopain，nogain”！語篇解讀這是一篇議論文。上大學(xué)獲取一個學(xué)位可不是件容易的事。大多數(shù)人相信，獲得大學(xué)文憑對一名畢業(yè)生的未來職業(yè)發(fā)展必有幫助。但這一紙文憑真的那么管用嗎？學(xué)生所學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)會影響其未來的就業(yè)和收入嗎？短文討論了學(xué)歷和收入之間的關(guān)系。8．Whydostudentsstarttoquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?A．Becauseoftheheavystudyingburden.B．Becausetheycan’tgetadegreeaftergraduation.C．Becausetheydon’tneedadegreefortheircareer.D．Becauseoftheincreasingcostsofuniversity.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，隨著大學(xué)費(fèi)用的不斷增加，學(xué)生們開始問自己，大學(xué)學(xué)位是否是進(jìn)入職業(yè)生涯的最佳途徑。所以學(xué)生們開始質(zhì)疑是否要上大學(xué)是因為大學(xué)費(fèi)用的不斷增加。故選D項。9．Whichmajormaymostprobablyleadtoalower-earningcareer?A．Medicine. B．Law.C．Creativearts. D．Dentistry.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三、四句“Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw，medicine，dentistryaswell，tendtodowell.Andastheyprogress，thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers，suchasthecreativearts，widens.”可知，創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)專業(yè)最有可能是收入較低的職業(yè)。故選C項。10．WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobefiredaccordingtoAlistairJarvis?A．Graduates. B．Non-graduates.C．Doctors. D．Employers.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Employersaredemandingmoregraduatesandgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.”可知，雇主們要求更多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，而大學(xué)畢業(yè)生失業(yè)的可能性只有未受高等教育失業(yè)的可能性的一半。所以可以判斷出未受高等教育的人更可能失業(yè)。故選B項。11．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．RussellGroupuniversitiesaretopones.B．Moststudentsgotouniversitytogetagoodcareer.C．One’slocationhasnoeffectonhisincome.D．Graduatesoftenhavemoreacademicqualificationsthanrequiredforaparticularjob.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，羅素集團(tuán)24所大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生五年后的平均收入為33500英鎊，比其他大學(xué)畢業(yè)生收入高出40%。通過五年后的平均收入(33500英鎊)以及比其他大學(xué)收入高出的百分率(40%)可以判斷出，羅素集團(tuán)的大學(xué)是一流的。故選A項。D(2019·河南安陽二模)話題：個人觀點難度：★★★建議用時：8分Someoftheworld’sbiggestcompanies—Apple，Amazon，F(xiàn)acebook—didn’texist30yearsago.Sowhatfirmsareweworkingforin2050?That’saquestionputforwardbyhistorianYuvalNoahHarariinhisnewbook“21Lessonsforthe21stCentury”．Hearguesthatbecausetechnologyischangingsofast，it’soneofthefirsttimesinhumanhistorywhenwedon’tknowwhatjobswilllooklikeinthecomingthreedecades.“Sothebestbetistofocusonemotionalintelligence(EQ)，”hesaid.“Informationisthelastthingthekidsneed.Theyhavetoomuchofit.”Inthisbook，hefocusesonthevariouschallengesfacingustoday.Ashewritesinthebook’sintroduction：“Whataretoday’sgreatestchallenges?Whatshouldwepayattentionto?Whatshouldweteachourkids？”O(jiān)neareawherethesequestionscropupisartificialintelligence(AI)．HararibelievesthatAIwillcompletelyaffectthejobmarketforthenextgenerationofworkers.Hisfirsttwobooks—“Sapiens”and“HomoDeus”—becameinternationalbestsellers，se