中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(廣東版)課件

中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(廣東版)中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧(廣東版)近四年廣東省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)猜測詞義推理判斷概括主旨/題目數(shù)學(xué)計算2011A篇：40100B篇：112102012A篇：20201B篇：21012013A篇：50000B篇：310102014A篇：30200B篇：21110近四年廣東省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)猜測詞義推理判斷概近四年省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析C篇：技巧：劃出左欄的關(guān)鍵字，一一與右欄的內(nèi)容配對，找出最符合的答案。年份內(nèi)容2011根據(jù)寵物啟事，尋找自家的寵物2012根據(jù)病人的健康問題，選擇合適的專科醫(yī)生2013根據(jù)每個人的需求，選擇合適的商品。2014根據(jù)每個人的興趣描述，選擇適合的網(wǎng)站近四年省卷閱讀理解的統(tǒng)計與分析C篇：年份內(nèi)容2011根據(jù)寵主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測型命題類有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要有以下四種:推理判斷型主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型詞一、主旨大意題（除法干擾項）干擾項1

可能屬文中某個具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項2

可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。干擾項3

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。這類題型的正確答案，一般來說不會在文中直接找到，需要根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。但在選項中也不免出現(xiàn)一些干擾項，例如：一、主旨大意題（除法干擾項）干擾項1可能屬文中某1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitle

ofthepassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:1)Whatdoesthewritermainly例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.例題：Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

Itisgoodnewsthatonth1、Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.

FirstBarbieShopinShanghai

B.

Barbie’sPastandpresent

C.

Barbie’s53rdBirthdayParty

D.

BarbieLostHerMagic技巧：1、先了解文章的主要意思，大概是說了什么事情。2、根據(jù)每段的段落大意（開頭前面幾句），總結(jié)歸納文章的主旨3、利用排除法，排除掉干擾項1、Whatisthebesttitleofth例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.干擾項3例題：干擾項3Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

干擾項1干擾項2Itisgoodnewsthatonth

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

解題原則：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或主要理由；有關(guān)1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：1）Whichofthefollowingstate例題2.Barbie’sfamilynameis______.A.Roberts B.millicent C.Shepherd D.Bratz3.Barbie’stroubleisthat__________.A.itwearsheavymakeupandminiskirts.B.otherdollsaremorepopularwithlittlegirls.C.otherdollsaretryingtobeatherinthemarket.D.ithasbecomelesspopularintheinternationalmarket.例題2.Barbie’sfamilynameis__例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.例題：Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingup.inJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

Itisgoodnewsthatonth

同義法

常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。

反義法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法

對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。詞義猜測型

情景推斷法、代詞替代法等同義法常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;做題要領(lǐng)例題4、What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinewords

“fashiondesigners”inthepassage?A.珠寶設(shè)計師 B.發(fā)型設(shè)計師 C.舞臺設(shè)計師 D.服裝設(shè)計師例題4、What’sthemeaningofthe例題：Fifty-threeyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstappearedintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostsuccessfultoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent(現(xiàn)在).Therearemanysimilardollsonthemarketincompetiotionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cometolifethirteenyearsago.Shelookedmoreliketoday’spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Andhercompanyoffersmorekindofclothestoo.ItseemsthatBarbiehaslosthermagicamongoldergirls.“Foryoungergirls,playingwithaBarbieismuchfun.Butwhenyougetolder,youwantsomethingsmarterandmoremodern,”saysVeraShepherd,ashopassitantinaNewYorktoystore.例題：Itisgoodnewsthatontheinternationalmarket.BarbieisstillNo.1.althoughMttelissellingferwerBarbiesintheUnitedStatesthreeyears,salesinothercountriesarestillgoingupinJanuary2009,MattelopeneditsfirstBarbiestoreinShanghai,wheregirlscanshop,eat,drinkorevenbecomefashiondesignersfortheirownBarbies.MattelisplanningbigcelebrationforBarbie's53rdbirthday.FashiondesignersfromallovertheworldhavebeencalledtomakenewdressesforBarbie.HowlongwillBarbiestaypopuplarintheworldoftoydolls?Itishardtosay,but53issurelynottheagetoretire(退休)。

關(guān)鍵線索：makenewdressesItisgoodnewsthatonth

推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個題中常有6-8個推理判斷題

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)

fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred

(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)

oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：

例題

AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdon’tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Don’twastefood.ACCTVprogram,NewsOnePlusOne,reportedthatthefoodChinesepeoplethrowawayeveryyearisenoughtofeed200millionpeopleforayear.Dowehavetoomuchfood?Ofcoursenot.AccordingtotheUNWorldFoodProgram,therewere925millionhungrypeoplearoundtheworldin2010,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Sixmillionchildrendieofhungereveryyear.Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitable(好客的)andgenerous.Manyevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefoodonthetable.

練習(xí)題解釋P5例題練習(xí)題解釋P5Luckily,anumberofpeoplehaverealizedtheimportanceofsavingfood.LastNovember,LiHong,awaitressinarestaurantinNanjing,gotfiredbecauseshetooksomeleftoverfoodhomeforherson.Manypeoplestoodbyhersideandcriticized(批評)thewasteoffood.Whatshouldwedoinourdailylivestowastelessfood?Herearesometips:1.Donotordertoomuchinarestaurant.Onlyorderasmuchasyouwanttoeat.Ifyoucannoteatallthefoodyouordered,taketherestofithome.2.Don’tbetoopicky(挑剔的)aboutfood.Somefoodmaynottastegreat,butyourbodyneedsit.3.Keepaneyeonwhatfoodyouhaveathome.Don’tbuytoomuch,especiallyforvegetablesandfruit.Luckily,anumberofpeople4.Accordingtothepassage,weshouldn’twastefoodbecause________.A.foodcomesfromveryhardworkB.sixmillionchildrendieofhungereverydayC.thereisenoughfoodtofeedallthepeopleD.Chinesearehospitableandgenerous答案：A判斷依據(jù)：AlmosteveryChinesepersoncanrecitethetwolinesofthefamouspoem,“Everygrainontheplatecomesfromhardwork(誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).”Butsadly,manyofusdon’tactuallygettherealmeaningoftheselines:Don’twastefood.4.Accordingtothepassage,w練習(xí)1（2014中考題）Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade(遮蔽)againstthesun.Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower(權(quán)力).IntheFarEastinancienttimes,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)詞義猜測關(guān)鍵線索：suchasthekingorqueens練習(xí)1（2014中考題）Tous,itInEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.TheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEurope,theuseoftheumbrellaalmostdisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegantobemadeinallkindsofcolors.判斷推理InEurope,theGreekswe1.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas____.A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesun C.asymbolofpowerD.protectionagainsttherain2.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient______.A.Egypt. B.Babylon C.Rome D.China1.Ancientpeoplefirstusedu3.Theunderlinedwordroyalmightmean_inChinese.A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中產(chǎn)的 D.平民的4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylife.B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasn'tchangedalotsinceitwasinvented5.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.thesalesoftheumbrella B.thedifferencesamongumbrellasC.theinventionoftheumbrella D.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella3.Theunderlinedwordroyalm練習(xí)二

DreamcultureisanimportantpartofancientChineseculture.Dreaminterpreting（理解）ispopularinChina,andthemostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingisthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreams.AncientChinesepeoplethoughtthatdreamscouldsuggestluckyandunluckythings.Sincedifferentdreamshavedifferentmeanings,peoplecangetmeaningsofgoodorbadluckbyinterpretingthem.Actually,dreaminterpretingisnottotallyasuperstition.Itdoeshavesomescientificvalue.Dreamsarethereflectionofthefacts.Manydreamsareactuallysomethingaboutwhathappenedinthedaytime.Thiskindofdreamcanbeeasilyunderstoodwithoutdreaminterpreting.練習(xí)二Dreamcultureisan

Dreamsarethebody’sself-implication(自我暗示).TraditionalChinesemedicalsciencesaysthatdreamsareconnectedwiththehealthconditionofhumans’bodies.WhenYinandYangareimbalanced,dreamscomeintobeing.Ifsomeonedreamtthatheorshewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheorshemighteasilygetangryornervous.Dreamsareusuallydifferentfromthefacts.Itmeansthatthingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeworse.Tosomedegree,DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsisscientificallyreasonable.Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebookstillhasmanysecretswaitingforustoexplore.Dreamsarethebody’sself-im1.Accordingtothepassage,WeknowthebookofDukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsis______________.A.themostfamousreferencefordreaminterpretingB.aninterestingstorybookC.anactionmovieD.abeautifulplace2.Whatdidtheancientchinesepeoplethinkofthedreams?A.TheyareluckyB.TheyareunluckyC.TheyareunluckyorunluckyD.Theyaresuperstitions3.Theunderlinedword“reasonable”means“___________”inChinese.A.合理的B.負(fù)責(zé)人的C.正確的D.認(rèn)真的1.Accordingtothepassage,W4.Accordingtothepassage,Overthousandsofyearshaspassed,thebook---DukeofZhouInterpretsdreamsstillhas_____waitingforustoexplore.A.moneyB.secretsC.timeD.position5.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.TherearenosecretsinthebookDukeofZhouInterpretsDreams.B.Ifsomeonedreamtthathewasroastedbyabigfire,itshowsheorshemightgethappy.C.DreamcultureisanimportantpartofmodernChineseculture.D.DukeofZhouInterpretsDreamsisabookaboutdreaminterpreting.4.Accordingtothepassage,O練習(xí)三：AbouttenyearsagowhenIwasastudentatcollege,Ispentmysummerholidaysworkingatamuseuminmysparetime.Lifewashardformethen.DadhadlosthisjobandMumwassickinbed.IwaswonderingifIwouldbeabletogoonwithmystudythenextterm.OnedaywhileIwasworkinginthegiftshop,Isawanelderlycouplecomeinwithalittlegirlinawheelchair(輪椅).AsIlookedcl