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初中英語(yǔ)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo)練習(xí)元曰(20個(gè))rVr一.VT.單元曰12個(gè)前元音(4個(gè))[i:][i][e][回后元音(5個(gè))[a:][D:][D][u:][u]中元音(3個(gè))[a][9:][9]雙兀音8個(gè)合口雙元音(5個(gè))[ei][9U][ai][au][Di]集中雙元音(3個(gè))[間[U9][E9]輔音(28個(gè))清 輔 音(11個(gè))[p][t][k][f][s]⑹[J][tJ][tr][ts][h]濁 輔 音(17個(gè))[b][d][g][v][z][d][5][d5][dr][dz][l][m][n][Q][j][w][r]/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help//撫/fat/f&t/have/h&v/cat/k&t/back/b&k/hat/h&t//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//D:/horse/hD:s/saw/sD:/corn/ka:n/course/kD:s/salt/sAt//D/dog/dDg/pot/pDt/cost/kDst/what/wDt/honest/'Dnist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud//A/must/mAst/does/dAz/money/'mAni/ ugly/'Agli/come/kAm//Q:/nurse/n:s/bird/b:d/burn/b:n/turn/t:n/girl/g:l//Q/better/bet/never/nev/worker/w:k/welcome/welkm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid^//Qu/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/wrote/rut/note/nut/pose/puz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/o'baut/south/sau0/house/haus//Di/ boy/bDi/toy/tDi/noise/nDiz/voice/vDis/point/pDint/coin/kDin//iQ/ear/i/near/ni/idea/ai'di/hear/hi/mere/mi/spear/spi//sQ/ air/s/tear/t£/care/ks/dare/ds/fair/fs/there/6s//uQ/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/Ju/moor/mu/(停泊)your/ju//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/ top/tDp/ cap/k&p/ people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/bl&k/ bear/bs//t/let/let/sat/s&t/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/s&d/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di//k/lack/l&k/take/teik/clock/klDk/class/kla:s/weekend/'wi:kend/IgJbig/big/lag/l&g/glass/gla:s/gum/gAm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/sU:f/favorite/'feivUrit/IvIvery/'veri/five/faiv/fever/'fi:vU/serve/sU:v/never/'nevU//0/bath/ba:0/(v洗澡)thick/0ik/mouth/mau0/breath/bre0/(n呼吸)thought/0D:t/author/'MU/truth/tru:0//d/ the/dU/they/dei/that/d^t/mother/'mAd□/thus/dAs/then/den//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/k&ps/likes/laiks/stops/stDps//z/close/klUuz/keys/ki:z/boys/bDiz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//tf/catch/k&tj/cheep/tji:p/rich/ritj/watch/wtf/child/tjaild/question/kwestjUn/teach/ti:tf/challenge/tflind3//d^/orange/'Drid^/large/la:d^/juice/d^u:s/job/d^Db//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/tr&k//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/driQk/hundred/'hAndrid//f/ she/fi:/sharp/fa:p/fish/fij/shock/fDk/shoe/fu:/I3I pleasure/'ple引/measure/'me^U/television/'telivi引n//ts/let's/lets/sports/spD:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/h&ndz/ birds/bU:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/st&ndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/hU:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/lU:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/mD:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain//?/sing/siQ/wing/wiQ/ring/riq/long/lDQ/ beautiful/bju:tUfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/'mju:zik/student/'stju:dnt/excuse/ik'skju:z//w/work/wU:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wDt/ twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rUud/write/rait/wrong/rDq/problem/'prDblUm/
音標(biāo)綜合練習(xí)l?/i://bit//i/ /e//撫//wi:k//di:l/ /riDl//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//p&k//g&p/ /k&g/ /n&g//r&m//b&tl//sed//'h&pi//ten//red/petpackgapcap nagrambattlesaidhappyten red/'setl//tr&J//di'pend/settletrashdepend2./a://D://D/ /u:/ /u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//Dd//lD:n//nD:t//pD:z//fDks/ /sDk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d3//ma:k//lD:d/ /tD://stD:m//pDt//krDp//0Dt//prDmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//0ru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3./A//9/ /9//bAz//dAl//'hAri//gAlf/ /'trAbl/ /9:n//s)f//'t9:n9/ /'beg。//tAk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k9:b//9:k//9'merik/ /'sDk9//'k^mp9//sB'vei//pO'veid//pB'h比ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhapsWlesk//'m9:d9/burlesquemurder3./ei//9U//ai//au//Di//keip//greit//mein/ /prBpBUz//'m9uf9n/ /stBUn//'9Uv9/ /sait/kapegreatmain proposemotionstone oversight/raim//daut/ /'taipist/ /aust/ /mDist/ /'Dist。/rhymedoubt typist oust moist oyster4./?//E9//U9//vie//9'fE9//dE9//skE9//bU9n/ /gU9d/ /'rU9r9l//B'pi。//kBlAmbi。/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/mBtiBriol/ /mistiBriOs/material mysterious5./0//&//mAnB/ /Bi:f//&比t/ /&^n/ /feiB//tB'ge&B/陽(yáng)比^k/ /Bom'selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves1.關(guān)于語(yǔ)音的幾個(gè)概念1) 字母:語(yǔ)言的書(shū)寫(xiě)形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u,2) 音標(biāo):詞的語(yǔ)音形式。3)音素:音的最小的單位。英語(yǔ)中有48音素。4) 音節(jié):由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand5) 元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂(lè)音;口腔中氣流不收阻礙;是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有20元音。6) 輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音;口腔中氣流受到阻礙;不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語(yǔ)中有28輔音。7) 開(kāi)音節(jié):a)輔音+元音+輔音+enamebike;b)輔音+元音he,go,hi8) 閉音節(jié):a)輔音+元音+輔音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;b)元音+輔音it9) 重讀音節(jié):?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。3.容易混淆的元音1)[e][⑹bedbad;men,man;pen,pan;lendland2)[i:][ei]realrail;greet,great;mean,main;readraid3) [e][ai]betbite;redwrite;saidside,head,hide4) [au][□:]househorse;loudlord;southsauce;nownor;countcorn;cloudclause5) [au][A]foundfond;gowngone;downdon21)[w]wall,what,answer22)[j]yes23)[t門child,teach,catch24)[d/]joke,bridge,25)[ts]boats26)[dz]goods27)[tr]tree28)[dr]dream容易混淆的輔音1) [v][w]vetwet;vestwest;vinewine;verywell2) [s][9]sinkthink;sortthought;missmyth;massmath3) [z][d]closingclothing;breezebreathe;baysbathes4) [n][n]thinthing;sinsing;banbangwinwing;ranrang讀音規(guī)則1) 重讀音節(jié)(見(jiàn)元音和輔音的例句)2) 非重讀曰節(jié) [0]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,very,Monday特殊讀音1) 音的連讀:notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall.afterall2) 失去爆破:goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme3) 音的同化:thisyear,Wouldyoudoit?Can'tyouseeit?重音1)單詞重音A)雙音節(jié)詞a) —般在第一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorryb) 有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-等前綴的詞,第二個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'latec) 有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān),一般名詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上,其它的詞性在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tentd) 有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞,有兩個(gè)重音。'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'warB)多音節(jié)詞a) —般倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b) 有一些雙音節(jié)詞,加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié),但這些詞按原來(lái)詞根的重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment,c) 詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后綴的詞,重音在這些后綴的前一個(gè)音節(jié)上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tectived) 詞尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞,重音在該后綴上,而且有一個(gè)次重音。enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette2)句子重音A) 英語(yǔ)的節(jié)奏:(輕)-輕-重-輕-(輕)或重-輕-(輕)(輕)重B) 英語(yǔ)句子的長(zhǎng)短:是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的,而不是象漢語(yǔ)那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。C) 實(shí)詞重讀(副詞重讀),虛詞輕讀(冠詞,單音節(jié)介詞,單音節(jié)連詞,人稱代詞,反代詞,物主代詞,關(guān)系代詞,相互代詞,助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be.D) 實(shí)詞不重讀的特殊情況a) 實(shí)詞第二次出現(xiàn)Hethinksofthatasachildthinks.b) 一個(gè)名詞被第二個(gè)名詞修飾Imetherintherailwaystation.c) 代替詞Whichbookdoyouwant?Thesmallone.d) 感嘆詞中的what和howWhatagooddayitis!Howbeautifulsheis!e) street在專有名詞中WangfujingStreet.f) this在這些短語(yǔ)中,thismorning/afternoon/eveningE) 虛詞重讀的特殊情況a) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞be在句首,句尾和否定時(shí)。Doyoulikeit?Yes,Ido.Areyouadoctor?Yes,Iam.Canyouhelpme?Yes,Ican.Idon'tlikeyou.Heisn'taworker.b) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能,驚奇和肯定時(shí)。Theymaycomethisevening.Canitbefivealready?Hemustbeintheroom.c) 介詞在句首和句尾。Inthebox,hefoundaletter.HeisthepersonItalkedwith.d) 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。Ifyouwish,I'llvisityou.Whenhecomes,I'lltellhim.e)反身代詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Hecouldn'tcomehimself.英語(yǔ)發(fā)音連讀的規(guī)則連讀的條件:相鄰的兩詞在意義上必須密切相關(guān),同屬一個(gè)意群。連讀所構(gòu)成的音節(jié)一般都不重讀,只需順其自然地一帶而過(guò),不可讀得太重,也不可音。(連讀符號(hào):~)(1)“輔音+元音”型連讀在同一個(gè)意群里,如果相鄰兩詞中的前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭,這就要將輔音與元音拼起來(lái)連讀。I'm~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.“r/re+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞是以-r或者-re結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭,這時(shí)的r或re不但要發(fā)/r/,而且還要與后面的元音拼起來(lái)連讀。They'remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?但是,如果一個(gè)音節(jié)的前后都有字母r,即使后面的詞以元音開(kāi)頭,也不能連讀。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.(nearer與and不可連讀)“輔音+半元音”型連讀英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一個(gè)詞是以輔音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞是以半元音,特別是/j/開(kāi)頭,此時(shí)也要連讀。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea?Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”—常把/d/+/j/讀成/dV/,didyou聽(tīng)上成了/dIdVu/,wouldyou成了/wudVu/,couldyou成了/kudVu/。“元音+元音”型連讀如果前一個(gè)詞以元音結(jié)尾,后一個(gè)詞以元音開(kāi)頭,這兩個(gè)音往往也要自然而不間斷地連讀到一起。I~amChinese.He~isveryfriendlytome.Shewantstostudy~English.How~andwhydidyoucomehere?Shecan'tcarry~it.It'lltakeyouthree~hourstowalkthere.Thequestionistoo~easyforhimtoanswer.當(dāng)短語(yǔ)或從句之間按意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí),意群與意群之間即使有兩個(gè)相鄰的輔音與元音出現(xiàn),也不可連讀。Is~ita~hatoracat?(hat與or之間不可以連讀)There~is~agoodbookinmydesk.(book與in之間不可以連讀)Canyouspeak~EnglishorFrench?(English與or之間不可以連讀)Shallwemeetat~eightortentomorrowmorning?(meet與at,eight與or之間不可以連讀)Sheopenedthedoorandwalked~in.(door與and之間不可以連讀)失去爆破6個(gè)爆破音有3對(duì)/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,Igl失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情況下,只須做出發(fā)音的準(zhǔn)備,但并不發(fā)音,稍稍停頓后就發(fā)后面的音?!氨埔?爆破音”型6個(gè)爆破音中的任意2個(gè)相臨時(shí),前一個(gè)爆破音會(huì)失去爆破,即由相關(guān)的發(fā)音器官做好這個(gè)發(fā)音的姿勢(shì),稍做停頓后即發(fā)后面的爆破音。Thegirlinthere(d)coatwasonabla(ck)bikejus(t)now.Thebi(g)busfromthefa(c)toryisfullofpeople.Wha(t)timedoeshegetupeverymorning?Thisisanol(d)pi(c)tureofabi(g)car.Theol(d)do(c)torhasaca(t),too.We'regoingtoworkonafarmnex(t)Tuesday.Whatwouldyoulike,ho(t)teaorbla(ck)coffee?It'saverycol(d)day,butit'sagoo(d)da
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