人教版（2023）選擇性必修 第一冊(cè)Unit 1 People of Achievement（Reading+and+Thinking）（分層練習(xí)）（含解析）

第第頁人教版（2023）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit1PeopleofAchievement（Reading+and+Thinking）（分層練習(xí)）（含解析））Unit1PeopleofAchievement（ReadingandThinking）解析

一.閱讀理解

A

Oneday，whenAlbertEinsteinwasasmallboy，hisfatherboughthimacompass(指南針)．Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.Einsteinwasverypleasedashelookedatthe“magic”thingturningtowardsnorth.Forhim，thecompasswasnotatoybutanewworld.

Hewasacuriouschildandwouldoftendaydream.Hisfatherwasfuriouswithhimforthebadreportsfromhisteachers.Theytoldhimthattheboywasnotinterestedinhisstudies.Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.

Onleavingschool，hisfatherwantedhimtostudyelectricalengineering.Buthedislikedbecominganengineer.HeenteredtheZurichPolytechnicAcademytopreparehimselfforateachingpositioninmathematicsandphysics.Thoughhefinishedhisstudies，hewasunabletogetajob.

Finally，hegotajobinanoffice.Inhissparetime，hefilledhisnotepaperwithdifficultmathematicalformulas.Someoftheselaterledtogreatscientificdiscoveries.Whentheywerepublished，hebecameafamousscientist.Hecouldnottakehisdailywalkwithoutbeingsurroundedbyreporters.Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.

In1921，EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TheQueenofBelgiuminvitedhimtopayheravisit.Hegotoffthetrainandwalkedtothepalace.Hewasn'twillingtotakethecarsenttopickhimup.WhentheQueenaskedhim，helookedatherwithasmileandanswered，“Itwasaverypleasantwalk.”Einsteindislikedwealth.Peace，hesaid，waswhattheworldneeded，andthatcouldnotbeboughtwithmoney.

[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了愛因斯坦的一些趣事，他從小喜歡幻想，成名以后視名譽(yù)和金錢如糞土，卻無比熱愛和平。

1．WhydidEinstein'sfatherbuyhimacompass

A．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.

B．Tolethimplaywithit.

C．Todevelophisinterestinscience.

D．Tohelphimcreateadreamworld.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.”可知，愛因斯坦的爸爸給他買指南針的目的是讓他玩耍。

答案：B

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“furious”inparagraph2mean

A．Familiar.B．Strict.

C．Angry.D．Content.

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“thebadreportsfromhisteachers”以及“Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.”可知，愛因斯坦小時(shí)候經(jīng)常做白日夢(mèng)，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)不感興趣，學(xué)習(xí)成績很差，他的父親責(zé)備他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父親從他老師那里得到壞的報(bào)告后會(huì)很生氣，所以furious意為“惱怒的；生氣的”。

答案：C

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutEinsteinfromparagraph4

A．Hecaredlittleforfame.

B．Hewasnotgoodattalking.

C．HewaspraisedbytheQueen.

D．Hedidn'tworkasanofficerforlong.

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.”可知，愛因斯坦成名之后，仍舊不受干擾，繼續(xù)工作，說明他對(duì)名譽(yù)看得很淡。

答案：A

4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext

A．Tointroduceanewtheory.

B．Tocontributetoworldpeace.

C．Torememberagreatscientist.

D．TosharesomeincidentsaboutEinstein.

解析：寫作目的題。綜合全文可知，本文介紹了有關(guān)愛因斯坦的一些趣事，故選D項(xiàng)。

答案：D

B

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience，oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried，someworkedwiththeirhusbands，andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland，MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold，Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheEarth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.

In1891，ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911，thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.

[語篇解讀]自古以來，女性就在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，讓我們來了解其中的兩位吧。

5．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccessful

D．hadbetterpaymoreattentiontotheirfamilies

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后一句可知，認(rèn)為女性科學(xué)家要經(jīng)歷很多艱難才能走向成功。

答案：C

6．MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.

A．wintheNobelPrizeforScienceaftergettingmarried

B．makeachievementsinthestudyofancientEarth

C．researchanimalsandtheirbones

D．studythemysteryofallkindsofplants

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“...forherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.”可知選B。

答案：B

7．WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska

A．ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.

B．ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903onherown.

C．SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.

D．Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.

解析：推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.”可知，D項(xiàng)正確。

答案：D

8．What'sthepassagemainlyabout

A．Ancientdiscoveries.

B．Womenscientists.

C．Successfulmarriages.

D．Differentprizes.

解析：主旨大意題。由第一段可知，主要講述一些女性科學(xué)家的經(jīng)歷，文章中的兩個(gè)例子也體現(xiàn)了這一點(diǎn)。故選B。

答案：B

二.閱讀七選五

Onlineeducationisoneofthemanyadvancesthattechnologyhasbroughttous.1It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.However,people'sattitudestowardsonlineeducationaredifferentbasedontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit.

2Traditionaluniversitieshaveopenedupmanyonlinecoursesforstudentswhodonothavethetimetoattendclassesorthemoneytoacceptactualuniversityeducation.Frommusictocooking,wecangetanumberofonlinecoursestolearn.

Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternative(供替代的選擇)totraditionalclasses.3Andit,insomeways,increasesthestudyefficiency(效率).Forexample,itsavestimebetweenourschoolandhomesothatwecanhavemoretimetolearn.

Thedisadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitignoresthecommunicationbetweenstudentsandtheteacherandtheirclassmates.Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.4

Onlybymakingfulluseofitsstrengthsandavoidingitsweaknessescanweachievethebiggestbenefit.5Forexample,youcanlearntheoriesonlinewhilelearninghandsonskillsintraditionalclass.

A．Thedifferenceliesinthelearningexperience.

B．Inrecentyears，thereisabiggrowthinonlinelearning.

C．Someskillslikenursingworkmustbelearnedfacetoface.

D．Itmeanswenolongerhavetobephysicallypresentintheclassroom.

E．Combiningonlineeducationwithtraditionaleducationisthebestchoice.

F．Thetraditionaleducationwillbereplacedbyonlinelearninginthefuture.

G．It'sgoodforstudentswithbusyschedulesandforthosewhoareworkingatthesametime.

[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在線教育的利與弊及其發(fā)展。

1．解析：根據(jù)空后的“It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.”可知，D項(xiàng)“這意味著我們不再需要出現(xiàn)在教室里(就能學(xué)習(xí))”介紹了在線教育的重大突破，符合語境。

答案：D

2．解析：根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，本段介紹了近年來在線教育的增長情況，故B項(xiàng)“近年來，在線教育有了很大的發(fā)展”總領(lǐng)該段，符合語境。

答案：B

3．解析：根據(jù)空前的“Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternativetotraditionalclasses.”可知，G項(xiàng)“這對(duì)課業(yè)繁忙的學(xué)生和同時(shí)工作的學(xué)生都有好處”具體說明了在線教育是如何彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)教育的不足的，符合語境。

答案：G

4．解析：根據(jù)空前的“Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.”可知，C項(xiàng)“有些技能，如護(hù)理工作，必須面對(duì)面地學(xué)習(xí)”解釋說明了空前內(nèi)容，符合語境。

答案：C

5．解析：根據(jù)空后的例子可知，在線教育應(yīng)該和傳統(tǒng)教育結(jié)合起來才能發(fā)揮最大作用，故E項(xiàng)“將在線教育與傳統(tǒng)教育相結(jié)合是最好的選擇”符合語境。

答案：EUnit1PeopleofAchievement（ReadingandThinking）原卷

一.閱讀理解

A

Oneday，whenAlbertEinsteinwasasmallboy，hisfatherboughthimacompass(指南針)．Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.Einsteinwasverypleasedashelookedatthe“magic”thingturningtowardsnorth.Forhim，thecompasswasnotatoybutanewworld.

Hewasacuriouschildandwouldoftendaydream.Hisfatherwasfuriouswithhimforthebadreportsfromhisteachers.Theytoldhimthattheboywasnotinterestedinhisstudies.Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.

Onleavingschool，hisfatherwantedhimtostudyelectricalengineering.Buthedislikedbecominganengineer.HeenteredtheZurichPolytechnicAcademytopreparehimselfforateachingpositioninmathematicsandphysics.Thoughhefinishedhisstudies，hewasunabletogetajob.

Finally，hegotajobinanoffice.Inhissparetime，hefilledhisnotepaperwithdifficultmathematicalformulas.Someoftheselaterledtogreatscientificdiscoveries.Whentheywerepublished，hebecameafamousscientist.Hecouldnottakehisdailywalkwithoutbeingsurroundedbyreporters.Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.

In1921，EinsteinwasawardedtheNobelPrize.TheQueenofBelgiuminvitedhimtopayheravisit.Hegotoffthetrainandwalkedtothepalace.Hewasn'twillingtotakethecarsenttopickhimup.WhentheQueenaskedhim，helookedatherwithasmileandanswered，“Itwasaverypleasantwalk.”Einsteindislikedwealth.Peace，hesaid，waswhattheworldneeded，andthatcouldnotbeboughtwithmoney.

B

Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforScience，oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried，someworkedwiththeirhusbands，andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.

Intheearly1800sinEngland，MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognizedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheEarth.Maryandherfathercollectedfossils(化石)intheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.

Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold，Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletons(骨架)ofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedontheEarth.Shedidn'tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.

In1891，ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatraveledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911，thistimeforChemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.

二.閱讀七選五

Onlineeducationisoneofthemanyadvancesthattechnologyhasbroughttous.1It'sreallyagreatchallengetotraditionaleducation.However,people'sattitudestowardsonlineeducationaredifferentbasedontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit.

2Traditionaluniversitieshaveopenedupmanyonlinecoursesforstudentswhodonothavethetimetoattendclassesorthemoneytoacceptactualuniversityeducation.Frommusictocooking,wecangetanumberofonlinecoursestolearn.

Themainadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitoffersanalternative(供替代的選擇)totraditionalclasses.3Andit,insomeways,increasesthestudyefficiency(效率).Forexample,itsavestimebetweenourschoolandhomesothatwecanhavemoretimetolearn.

Thedisadvantageofonlinelearningisthatitignoresthecommunicationbetweenstudentsandtheteacherandtheirclassmates.Besides，itsroleinsomeareasisalsolimited.4

Onlybymakingfulluseofitsstrengthsandavoidingitsweaknessescanweachievethebiggestbenefit.5Forexample,youcanlearntheoriesonlinewhilelearninghandsonskillsintraditionalclass.

A．Thedifferenceliesinthelearningexperience.

B．Inrecentyears，thereisabiggrowthinonlinelearning.

C．Someskillslikenursingworkmustbelearnedfacetoface.

D．Itmeanswenolongerhavetobephysicallypresentintheclassroom.

E．Combiningonlineeducationwithtraditionaleducationisthebestchoice.

F．Thetraditionaleducationwillbereplacedbyonlinelearninginthefuture.

G．It'sgoodforstudentswithbusyschedulesandforthosewhoareworkingatthesametime.

參考答案

閱讀理解

A

[語篇解讀]本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了愛因斯坦的一些趣事，他從小喜歡幻想，成名以后視名譽(yù)和金錢如糞土，卻無比熱愛和平。

1．WhydidEinstein'sfatherbuyhimacompass

A．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.

B．Tolethimplaywithit.

C．Todevelophisinterestinscience.

D．Tohelphimcreateadreamworld.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itwasasmalltoytoentertainhim.”可知，愛因斯坦的爸爸給他買指南針的目的是讓他玩耍。

答案：B

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“furious”inparagraph2mean

A．Familiar.B．Strict.

C．Angry.D．Content.

解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“thebadreportsfromhisteachers”以及“Hewasblamedbyhisfatherforbeinglostinhisfoolishdreams.”可知，愛因斯坦小時(shí)候經(jīng)常做白日夢(mèng)，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)不感興趣，學(xué)習(xí)成績很差，他的父親責(zé)備他整日沉浸在他愚蠢的幻想中，由此可知，他的父親從他老師那里得到壞的報(bào)告后會(huì)很生氣，所以furious意為“惱怒的；生氣的”。

答案：C

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutEinsteinfromparagraph4

A．Hecaredlittleforfame.

B．Hewasnotgoodattalking.

C．HewaspraisedbytheQueen.

D．Hedidn'tworkasanofficerforlong.

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Hewouldonlysmileatthem，andwentonwithhisworkinhisquietway.”可知，愛因斯坦成名之后，仍舊不受干擾，繼續(xù)工作，說明他對(duì)名譽(yù)看得很淡。

答案：A

4．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext

A．Tointroduceanewtheory.

B．Tocontributetoworldpeace.

C．Torememberagreatscientist.

D．TosharesomeincidentsaboutEinstein.

解析：寫作目的題。綜合全文可知，本文介紹了有關(guān)愛因斯坦的一些趣事，故選D項(xiàng)。

答案：D

B

[語篇解讀]自古以來，女性就在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，讓我們來了解其中的兩位吧。

5．Theauthorbelievesthatwomenscientists.

A．havemoreopportunitiestobecomesuccessful

B．cannotgetthehighesthonorsintheworld

C．gothroughdifficultiestobesuccess