高三英語賓語補(bǔ)足用法無憂

賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法英語的五個基本結(jié)構(gòu)S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十PS十V十OS十V十O1十O2S十V十O十C

說明：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)S＝主語；V＝謂語；P＝表語；

O＝賓語；O1＝間接賓語；O2＝直接賓語；

C＝賓語補(bǔ)足語1．S

十V

句式He

runs

quickly．他跑得快。2．S

十V

十P

句式：The

story

sounds

interesting．這個故事聽起來有趣。3．S

十V

十O

句式They

built

a

house

last

year．他們?nèi)ツ杲艘凰孔印?．S

十V

十O1

十O2

句式He

offered

me

his

seat/his

seat

to

me．他把座位讓給我。5．S

十V

十O

十C

句式They

found

her

happy

that

day．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她很高興。

I

found

him

out．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。They

named

the

boy

Charlie．他們給這個男孩起名為查理。

I

saw

him

come

in

and

go

out．我見他進(jìn)來又出去。They

felt

the

car

moving

fast．他們感到汽車行駛得很快。

He

found

the

door

of

study

closed

to

him．他發(fā)現(xiàn)研究所的大門對他關(guān)閉了。一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：1、名詞：We

made

him

our

monitor.They

thought

this

good

advice.They

named

their

daughter

Jenny.注①：常用名詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：call,name,elect,make,think,appoint,choose,find,consider,keep,wish,

feel等。注②：充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞若表示正式的或獨一無二的頭銜、職位時，前面一般不用冠詞，如：They

elected

John

chairman

of

the

committee.2、形容詞：You

should

keep

your

room

clean

and

tidy.We’d

better

leave

the

door

open.注：常用形容詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,

have,

leave,

以及paint,

drive,

turn,

cut

等。3、現(xiàn)在分詞：I’m

sorry

to

have

kept

you

waiting

for

so

long.I

could

feel

the

cold

wind

blowing

on

my

face.At

this

moment

she

noticed

the

teacher

coming

in.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：4、動詞不定式：Nobody

could

make

him

change

his

mind.Would

you

like

me

to

come

along

with

you?He

believed

the

earth

to

be

a

globe.5、過去分詞：He

watched

the

TV

set

carried

out

of

the

room.Last

year

they

had

their

house

rebuilt.When

you

speak

English,

be

sure

to

make

yourself

understood.6．此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：

When

do

you

want

it

back?Why

didn’t

you

invite

them

in?We

could

hear

the

children

at

play

outside.一、可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：二、賓語和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：1、當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（或稱表語關(guān)系），若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語說明賓語的情況、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或?qū)兕惖?。試比較：We

made

him

our

monitor. (He

is

our

monitor.)You

should

keep your

room

clean

and

tidy.and

tidy.)We

could

hear

the

children

at

play

outside.play

outside.)(Your

room

is

clean(The

children

are

at二、賓語和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：3、當(dāng)過去分詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時，它與賓語之間有著動賓關(guān)系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，如：I

once

heard

this

song

sung

in

Japanese.(This

song

was

once

sung

in

Japanese.)I

didn’t

want

the

children

taken

out

in

such

weather.(The

children

were

taken

out

in

such

weather.)三、在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；還有的動詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：1、只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：catch,

keep,

mind,prevent,

stop,

smell,

excuse

等。例如：She

caught

her

son

smoking

a

cigarette.His

words

started

me

thinking.2、只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,trust,

encourage,

let,allow,permit,

mean,lead,bring,

put,hurry,cause,remind,ask,invite,beg,request,worry,advise,persuade,call

on,tell,order,command,require,make,force,drive,forbid,warn,help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,wait

for//think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等3、既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：see,watch,notice,look

at,observe,listen

to,hear,feel,have,imagine,discover,like,

want,

understand,

hate,

get,

set,

leave等。四、使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，不定式符號

to

的取舍問題：1、在hear,listento,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,observe

等動詞后的不定式需省去to

。2、feel

一詞，跟to

be

型不定式帶to；跟to

do

型不定式不帶to。3、help

一詞后的不定式，可帶to，也可以不帶to。（請參見“動詞不定式”一節(jié)）五、在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時也可以用不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或that從句來充當(dāng)這時，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，如：I

felt

it

necessary

to

speak

about

our

ings.Do

you

consider

it

any

good

trying

again?We

all

thought

it

a

pity

that

you

couldn’t

join

us.注意：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：feel,

find,

think,

make,

take,

judge,

consider

等。Practice單句改錯much

noise.The

speaker

raised

his

voice

butstillcouldn’t

makehimselfunudnedrestrosotdand.We

all

elected

Jason

the

monitor.The

teacher

asked

us

not

make

soto4.

---

What

a

nice

fireyou

have

in

yourfireplace!---

Duringthewinter

Ilikemyhouse

wwaarrmmlyand

comfortable.5.

Don’t

leavethe

waterrunwhileyoubrush

yourteeth.runningHe

pushedthe

dooropoepnening. She

looked

around

and

caught

amanput

his

hand

into

the

pocket

of

apassengepru.

ttingto With

a

lotofdifficultproblems

settle,thenewly-elected

president

ishaving

ahard

time.When

I

came

in,

I

found

a

boyhidhdideenbehind

the

door. It

was

a

pity

that

the

great

writerdiewdithof his

works

unfinished.B.

nC.

to

not

shutD.

not

shutC.

mA.

c----There’s

a

hole

in

your

bag.----

Iknow,

I’m

going

tohave

it

.mend B.

mending

ended D.

to

be

mendedThough

he

had

often

made

his

little

sister

,

today hewasmade

byhislittlesister.ry;

to

cry B.

crying;

crying C.

cry;

cry D.

to

cry;

cryThey

would

not

allow

him

acrosstheenemyline.A.

to

risk

goingC.

for

risk

to

goB.

risking

to

goD.

risk

going單項選擇1.

Tellhim

the

window.A.

to

shut

not ot

to

shutI

found

the

door

whenIgothome.A.

opened B.

close C.

unlocking D.

openThe

boy

wanted

to

ride

his

bicycle

in

the

street,

but his

mothertold

him

.A.

not

to B.

not

to

do C.

not

do D.

do

not

toI

couldn’t

do

my

homework

with

all

that

noise

.A.

going

on B.

goes

on C.

went

on D.

to

go

onWith

a

lot

of

difficult

problems

,

the

newly- elected

president

is

having

a

hard

time.A.

settled B.

se