畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）-花卉包裝機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)-花卉傳輸部分的設(shè)計(jì)

外文資料FundamentalsofMechanicalDesignThepresentsituationofpackagingmachineryinChina:ThepackagingoftheproductisanimportantpartofChina'sindustrialdevelopment,anditisanindispensableemergingindustryinthenationaleconomy.China'spackagingmachineryhasalowstartingpoint.Becauseofthedifferentnatureoftheenterprise,thereisadifferencebetweenthemoneyandequipmentbetweenenterprises,andthelevelofautomationisnotconsistent,andmostcompaniesareonthelowlevelequipment.Twentyyearsago,thefirsttimethatthepackagingmachinewasappliedtothepackagingmachinewasthefirsttimethataPLCwasappliedtothepackagingmachineautomationtechnology.Then,ascontrolanddrivetechnology,servotechnologyanddigitalideassteppedin,thepackagingmachinemarkethadundergonemanychanges.AtpresentChinahasbecometheworld'slargestcommodityproducerandexporter,globalattentionhasfocusedonthefastestgrowingandlargest,themostpromisingChinesepackagingmarket.Aftermorethan20yearsofdevelopment,thepackagingmachineryofChinahasbecomeoneofthetenindustriesinthemachineryindustry,whichprovidesaneffectiveguaranteefortherapiddevelopmentofpackagingindustryinChina.Butatpresent,China'spackagingmachineryexportsarelessthan5percentofthetotaloutputvalue,buttheimportamountisquitethesameasthetotaloutputvalue,farfromthedevelopedcountries.Thereisashortageofleadingenterprisesinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andtherearenotmanyenterpriseswithlargescaleandhighqualityproducts.Accordingtothefoodandpackagingmachineryindustryassociation,Chinanowhasmorethan3,600packaged-machinerymanufacturers,butonly20arenowworthmorethan100millionyuan.Therapiddevelopmentofpackagingproductsinourcountryneedstodrivethewholeofthevigorousdevelopmentofpackagingindustry,includingpackagingmachineryenterprisesarealsofacingaverygooddevelopmentopportunities,buttherearemanyfactorsrestrictthedevelopmentofpackagingmachineryindustry.TheproblemofautomaticpackagingmachineautomationinChina:TheautomaticpackagingmachineofChinaisstillbasicallyinthetestimitationstage,theself-developmentabilityisweak,lackthescientificresearchproductionthetestbase.Statisticsshowthatmorethan1300kindsofvarietiesofpackagingmachineryinourcountryonly,supportingsmall,lackofhighprecisionandlargescaleproduction,productcan'tmeetthedemandofmarket,productqualitygapintheproductperformanceislow,poorstabilityandreliability,notbeautifulappearancestyle,roughsurfacetreatment,poorqualityofmanycomponents,shortservicelife,lowreliability,affectthequalityofthewholeproduct.Despitethewideprospectofmarket,suchaslow-levelenterpriseonasmallerscale,productandpoorreliability,importdependence,serious,inadequatedevelopmentabilityislow,researchanddevelopment,lackofprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelandalsomakethedomesticpackagingmachineryproductstoridicule.1,accordingtotheenterpriseonasmallerscale,packingindustryisdevelopingrapidlyinChina,sofarthenationalpackagingmachineryproductionof533000setsofproductionvalueof130billionyuan.Therearemorethan9000packingmachineryenterprises,morethan550,000employees,morethan130scientificresearchinstitutesandcollegesanduniversities,over1,300varietiesofproducts.Thepackagingenterprisesaremany,theoutputismuch,theproductstructureisfragmentedandbecomesoneoftheimportantfactorsthatrestrictthedevelopmentofthepackagingmachineryindustryinChina.Thereareseriousduplicationproblemsinthepackagingmachineryindustry,andlowbarrierstoentryandinadequateregulationarethemaincausesofthisproblem.Becauseoflowstartingpoint,packagingmachineryenterprises"deficiency"andacrossdepartments,overallplanning,macroguidancedifficultproblems,intermsofinvestmentanddevelopmentofnewproductsisoftenacoax,lowlevelrepeateddisorderlycompetition.Inrecentyears,CarryoutGMP(medicinesandchemicalreagentsproducesspecificationsofquality)attestationsystembecauseofsustainedourcountryeconomicsituationriseandcountrytopharmacyindustrymandatory.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryhasgotquitegreatprogress.Thenewproductincreasesbygradually.Engineeringlevelhashadverybigimprovement.Butbereturningverybiggapsbacktoexistencecomparedwithinternationalstandards.Levelbeingcloseto60%'sproductcannottoreachupperdevelopedcountrycenturyeighties.Large-scaleadvancedequipmentisdependentonentrancemainly.Lowourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryengineeringlevelisthatthedesigndesigningpersonnellowlevelfromourcountryenterprisearousestoagreatextent.One,ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycurrentsituationanalysesOurcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerystillhasbiggergapcomparedwithadvancedinternationallevel.Whattimeisinsufficientondomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignundermainexistence1)Backwarddomesticmechanicalperformancemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerymostly,accuracylowvelocity,isslow,stationaritydispatchespackagemachinerytravelprocesstocontainlargeamountofdyadiccomplicatedintermittencemotion.Cometocometruemainlyfromthecam,theconnectingrod.But,manydesignthatthepersonnelisunabletorequirethattheindependencedesignstheparametercalculatingcambarlinkagekinematicsanddynamicsaccordingtojobcyclepictureandaccuracy.Beonlythesurveyingandmappingcarryingoutapiecemealthattheabroadmodelmachinecamconnectingrodpartisdismantleddownsimplely.Bringaboutactuatingmechanismerrorisverybig.Thatdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrunsspeedmostlyismoregeneralthanhangingdownaccordingtocuttingfrequencyifthealuminiummouldsbubblecoverpacker'sfor100one300mins,full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeed50-200boxes/msin.But,ontheinternational,theadvancedaluminiummouldsrushingsteepingcoverpackercuttingfrequencybeabletoreach600mins.Full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeedisabletoreach600~800box/mins.Notonlyworkingspeedofdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisslow.And,thepartnerhasbiggernoise.2)Isunderthecontrolofhorizontalbackward.Domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycontrolslow,automationofleveldifferencemostly,themalfunctionleadsheight.(Mainpackagemachineryfingerboxdresscontrolsdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentswithdrinkingwineholdingmachinerywith)adoptPLCtodoascenemostly.But,advancedmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrealizessupervisorycontrolabroadmostlyfromcomputersystem.Underthecontrolofhorizontalrelativelybackward.Greatmajoritydomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryautomationsexisrelativelypoor.Adoptasingletoproduceapatternfirstcommonly.Thefull-automaticproductionlineisfew.Twoisthatfull-automationworkscannottoachieve.Requirethatthemanpowerfeedsinrawmaterial.Handmovementenchases.Ifinalittlepaperboxpacker,Page,paperboxallneedsmedicineboard,specificationspapertomovechargingpersonally.Andrequirespecially-assignedpersontopayattentiontoifspecifications,medicineboard,paperboxalreadyfinishusingatanytime.Happentoavoidbringingaboutmachineracingorbringingaboutincompletespecifications,medicineboard,andmedicineboxphenomenon.Other,domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemechanicfailureratesarehigher.Controlacomponent(iftherelay,electromagneticvalve,contactor,breakeretc.)etc.areofteneasytodamage.Haltalsotofrequentlyoccurthemalfunction.3)Functionsareunitary,expansionsexisbad.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthattheformdesignsthatspecificallyforspeciallyappointedpackage.Thegeneralspecificationrangeinnerinregulationisadjustable.But,alotofourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconsidersinsufficiencywhendesigningthat.Benotthatreforminggoingastepfurthersetsapartsufficientspace.Causethemachinerydesigningthattobeabletoonlyadapttotheformboardinseveralkindssimplicities.Changenotadaptingtowrappingmaterialortheformboarddimension.Fitinwitheven.Thepackagefinishedproductmassgivingbirthtoachildisneithernice.4)Considersdeficiencysynthetically.Resourcedoesnotfullyutilize.Ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentsthereexiststhechaosphenomenoninpackagemachinerydesign.Alotofmachinerydesignsthatthepersonneldragstotheelectricmotormovingthesynchronytechnology,theservodrivetechnologydonotknows.Theproblemsimpleelectricalequipmentavailableisresolvedusescomplicatedmechanismtocometocometruebut.Somethoughthecontrolorganworkstocomehavingadoptthesynchronyelectricmotortowaitforadevice.Butchooseblockofwoodding-dang.Themaximumhavingbroughtaboutresourcenotonlywastesthiscondition.Andmakemachineryfunctiondesigningthatlow.5)Systemunderthecontrolofschemesdesign.Inmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinery,averyimportantpartisthatrealtimedetectingisback-offtoeveryorganization.Toensurethatequipmentoperationissmooth.Nowmanymachineryproductshasselectedandusedlargeamountofphotoelectricityswitchbeingthedetectingcomponent.EquipmenthassuchasPCdetectingbubblecoversystemonsomemachineryandthelikesystem.Thisneedalldesignsthatmeticulously.And,thegeneralnavalcompanyisanintegralwhole.Three,concludingremarksThethoughtaconceptisdesignedmeltstoentermedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignbeingabletofalloffdesigningafault.Shortenadesigncycle.Acceleratetheproductexploitation.Maketheproductdesigningthatmorerational,haveaffinity,moresuitableman-machineprojectmore.Itisalsothatthemainmeanscostingdownandimprovingenterprisecompetitionisshortofpassivecompetitionaspectbackwardforimprovingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignatthesametime.Toadapttothechallengethat"queenGMPtimes"bringsabout.Designthatthepersonnelmusttakeproductconceptualdesignseriously.Deepenthesignificanceunderstandingconceptualdesign's.中文譯文藥品包裝機(jī)械概念設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)述一、我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械的現(xiàn)狀：

產(chǎn)品的包裝是我國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要組成部分，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中不可缺少的新興行業(yè)。我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械總體呈現(xiàn)低出發(fā)點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)。由于企業(yè)的性質(zhì)不同，企業(yè)之間資金和設(shè)備存在區(qū)別，自動(dòng)化水平也不一致，大多數(shù)企業(yè)在低水平設(shè)備上徘徊。

20年前，第一次應(yīng)用在包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的PLC開啟了包裝機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的時(shí)代。之后，隨著控制與驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)、伺服技術(shù)及數(shù)字化理念的介入，包裝機(jī)械市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了多輪變革。目前中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界最大的商品生產(chǎn)和出口大國(guó)，全球的目光也聚焦在發(fā)展最快、規(guī)模最大、最具潛力的中國(guó)包裝市場(chǎng)。

經(jīng)過20多年的發(fā)展，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械已成為機(jī)械工業(yè)中十大行業(yè)之一，為我國(guó)包裝工業(yè)快速發(fā)展提供了有效的保障。但目前，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械出口額還不足總產(chǎn)值的5%，進(jìn)口額卻與總產(chǎn)值大抵相當(dāng)，與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相去甚遠(yuǎn)。包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)缺少龍頭企業(yè)，生產(chǎn)規(guī)模大、產(chǎn)品檔次高的企業(yè)不多。根據(jù)食品和包裝機(jī)械工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國(guó)目前有包裝機(jī)械廠商3600多家，但產(chǎn)值及銷售額超過億元的現(xiàn)在只有20家。

我國(guó)包裝產(chǎn)品需求的突飛猛進(jìn)帶動(dòng)了整個(gè)包裝行業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，其中包裝機(jī)械企業(yè)也同樣面臨著非常好的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，但是卻有諸多因素制約著包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)的發(fā)展。

二、國(guó)內(nèi)包裝機(jī)械自動(dòng)化存在的問題：

我國(guó)自動(dòng)化包裝機(jī)械還基本停留在測(cè)試仿制階段，自行開發(fā)能力弱，缺少科研生產(chǎn)中試基地。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械品種只有1300多種，配套數(shù)量少，缺少高精度和大型化產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，不能滿足市場(chǎng)需求：產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量差距表現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)品性能低，穩(wěn)定性和可靠性差、外觀造型不美觀、表面處理粗糙，許多元器件質(zhì)量差，壽命短、可靠性低，影響了整體產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。

盡管市場(chǎng)前景廣闊，但諸如企業(yè)規(guī)模較小、產(chǎn)品層次低和可靠性差、進(jìn)口依賴嚴(yán)重、開發(fā)能力低下、研發(fā)投入不足、專業(yè)技術(shù)人才缺乏等問題也使國(guó)內(nèi)包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)品飽受詬病。

1.企業(yè)規(guī)模較小

統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，我國(guó)包裝工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，到目前為止全國(guó)包裝機(jī)械產(chǎn)量達(dá)

53.3

萬(wàn)臺(tái)套，產(chǎn)值為

1300

億元。包裝機(jī)械企業(yè)有

9000

多家，從業(yè)人數(shù)55

萬(wàn)以上，科研院所和高等院校130

余所，產(chǎn)品品種

1300

余種。包裝企業(yè)多，產(chǎn)量多，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)零散成為制約我國(guó)包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要因素之一。包裝機(jī)械行業(yè)存在著嚴(yán)重的重復(fù)建設(shè)問題，進(jìn)入門檻低和調(diào)控手段不夠是造成這個(gè)問題的主因。因包裝機(jī)械企業(yè)起點(diǎn)低、“先天不足”且跨部門，存在統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、宏觀指導(dǎo)難的問題，在投資和開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品方面往往一哄而起，出現(xiàn)低水平重復(fù)的無序競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。2.落后的國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)械性能藥品包裝機(jī)械大多，精度低，速度慢，平穩(wěn)調(diào)度包裝機(jī)械行程過程中含有大量的二元復(fù)雜的間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)。主要由凸輪、連桿來實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是，許多設(shè)計(jì)人員不能根據(jù)工作周期圖和精度要求獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)計(jì)算凸輪連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)。只是進(jìn)行逐點(diǎn)測(cè)繪，國(guó)外模型機(jī)的凸輪連桿零件拆下來簡(jiǎn)單。導(dǎo)致執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)誤差很大。國(guó)產(chǎn)鋁塑包裝機(jī)械運(yùn)行速度大多比截止頻率較低，如鋁泡罩封隔器的100分鐘300分，全自動(dòng)藥盒包裝箱