過(guò)去分詞高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit2IconicAttractionsReviewusefulstructuresTolearntheuseofpastparticipleinthepassage;Toanalyzetherelationshipbetweenthelogicsubjectandthepastparticipleverb;Tofindoutmistakesofverbformsinapassagebywhatyoulearnaboutpastparticipleandcorrectthem;Tousethepastparticipletoexpressideas.Workingroupsandreadthetextagaintofindasmanyexamplesofpastparticiplesaspossible.Thendiscusswhethereachpastparticiplefunctionsasanattribute,adverbial,predicative,orobjectcomplement.Located

tothesouthoftheequator,belowmanyothercountriesontheglobe,itisofteninformallyreferredtoas“downunder”.(located/adverbial)1I’mmoreinterestedinmeetingpeople…(interested/predicative)…liketheChinese-inspireddimsim.(Chinese-inspired/attributive)Mostoftheirmusicalinstrumentsarereallyjuststicksfoundontheground…calledthedidgeridoo.(found/attributive;called/attributive)Askilledplayercanplayforalongtime…(skilled/attributive)…withmanyofthenewculturalinfluencescontributedbyimmigrants.…mybiggestimpressionisthecomplicatedmixofpeoplesandcultures……butaftertryingforhours,IwasconvincedthatIcouldnevermakeamusicalsoundwiththisinstrument!(convinced

/predicative)(complicated/attributive)(contributed/objectcomplement)…nearlyhalfofallAustraliancitizenswereeitherbornoverseasorhaveparentswhowerebornoverseas.(born/predicative)功能例句使用過(guò)去分詞的原因表語(yǔ)I’mmoreinterestedinmeetingpeopleinAustraliaandexperiencingtheirculture,foodandwayoflife.IwasconvincedthatIcouldnevermakeamusicalsoundwiththisinstrument!過(guò)去分詞interested用作表語(yǔ)，修飾人，即主語(yǔ)I。過(guò)去分詞convinced用作表語(yǔ)，修飾人，即主語(yǔ)I。功能例句使用過(guò)去分詞的原因定語(yǔ)Mostoftheirmusicalinstrumentsarereallyjuststicksfoundontheground,amongwhichthereisanamazinginstrumentcalledthedidgeridoo.Askilledplayercanplayforalongtimewithoutstoppingtobreathe.過(guò)去分詞found與所修飾名詞sticks為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞called與所修飾名詞instrument為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞skilled用作定語(yǔ)，修飾人，即player。功能例句使用過(guò)去分詞的原因賓補(bǔ)Althoughthemainculturalinfluencesince1788hasbeenWesternculture,minoritycultureshavealsoplayedapartinshapingtheuniqueAustralianculture,withmanyofthenewculturalinfluencescontributedbyimmigrants.過(guò)去分詞contributed與所修飾名詞influences之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即：culturalinfluenceswhicharecontributedbyimmigrants，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。功能例句使用過(guò)去分詞的原因狀語(yǔ)Locatedtothesouthoftheequator,belowmanyothercountriesontheglobe,it’softeninformallyreferredtoas“downunder”.過(guò)去分詞located與全句主語(yǔ)it有一定的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式：“動(dòng)詞原形+ed”部分過(guò)去分詞有特殊形式變化。過(guò)去分詞不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，但可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)(have/had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)中構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(或稱(chēng)非限定動(dòng)詞)的一種。過(guò)去分詞保留著動(dòng)詞的部分特性，有完成或被動(dòng)含義，可帶狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。在句法功能上，過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))與形容詞或副詞作用類(lèi)似，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分詞形式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且多表示已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞一般位于所修飾的名詞之前。過(guò)分分詞短語(yǔ)通常位于所修飾的名詞之后。e.g.*Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.

*Whenthedelayedflighttakesoffdependsmainlyontheweather.

*Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweenspokenlanguageandwrittenlanguage?

*Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummer’sgames.過(guò)去分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞修飾謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式等。分詞作狀語(yǔ)，用于句首比在其他位置更常見(jiàn)。e.g.*Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.

*Seen

fromthetopoftheTigerHill,thecityofSuzhouwasverybeautiful.

*Encouraged

byherEnglishteacher,Lisasooncaughtupwithherclassmates.過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.*Praised

bytheteacher,Judywentredintheface.

→WhenJudywaspraisedbytheteacher,shewentredintheface.*Frightened

bythestory,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.

→Asthegirlwasfrightenedbythestory,shedidn’tdaretosleepalone.*Grown

inrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.

→Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil,theycangrowfast.*Defeated

forasecondtime,theplayerdidn’tgivein.→Althoughtheplayerwasdefeatedforasecondtime,hedidn’tgivein.過(guò)去分詞形式作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞常用于使役動(dòng)詞have,get,make,keep和感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,hear等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面，表達(dá)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞引起的賓語(yǔ)的變化，或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的性狀。e.g.*Whenspeakingorwritingtosomeone,doyourbesttomakeyourselfunderstood.*Owengothisnosehurtwhenheplayedfootballwithhisteammates.*Iheardthedoorpulledopen.過(guò)去分詞形式作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞在be,become,get,feel,look,seem等系動(dòng)詞之后，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性狀。e.g.*Sheismarried.

*Theotherchildrenlookedneglected.

*Thequarrelthenightbeforeseemedforgotten.Fillintheblankswiththehelpofthebeginningletters.Thenrewritethesentenceswithoutusingpastparticiplesandrecognisethedifference.TipsReadthesentencesanddecidethewordtofillinaccordingtothemeaningofthesentences;Thinkoftherelationshipbetweentheverbsandlogicsubject;Decidethestructureofthenewsentences.21D______as“thehomeofgolf”,Scotlandisaperfectdestinationforarelaxingholiday.2CubaisjustsouthofAmerica,s_________fromitonlybytheStraitsofFlorida.Itisacountryk_______foritsexcitingmusicanddancing.3Withmanypartsoftheworldnotm______yet,researchershavebegunaprojectthatinvolvestravellingaroundtheworldandtakingsamplephotographs.4I__________bythefirstEuropeansettlerstoAustralia,theSundayroastisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood.5E________tothefreezingweather,manybravetouristsandscientistsstillchoosetovisitAntarctica.6I_________byChineseculture,manycapitalcitiesnowhaveChinatownswhichareinthemselvespopulartouristattractions.Whatinformationcanyougetfromeachsentence?Fromwhatkindofpassagemightyoureadthesesentences?Andwhydoyouthinkso?1D________as“thehomeofgolf”,Scotlandisaperfectdestinationforarelaxingholiday.2CubaisjustsouthofAmerica,s_________fromitonlybytheStraitsofFlorida.Itisacountryk_______foritsexcitingmusicanddancing.escribedeparatednownSinceScotlandisdescribedas“thehomeofgolf”.Scotlandisaperfectdestinationforarelaxingholiday.

CubaisjustsouthofAmericaandisseparatedfromitonlybytheStraitsofFlorida.Itisacountryfamousforitsexcitingmusicanddancing.作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)3Withmanypartsoftheworldnotm______yet,researchershavebegunaprojectthatinvolvestravellingaroundtheworldandtakingsamplephotographs.4I__________bythefirstEuropeansettlerstoAustralia,theSundayroastisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood.apped作賓補(bǔ)Becausemanypartsoftheworldhavenotmarked,researchershavebegunaprojectthatinvolvestravellingaroundtheworldandtakingsamplephotographs.ThoughitwasintroducedbythefirstEuropeansettlerstoAustralia,theSundayroastisnowconsideredtypicalAustralianfood.作狀語(yǔ)ntroduced5E________tothefreezingweather,manybravetouristsandscientistsstillchoosetovisitAntarctica.6I_________byChineseculture,manycapitalcitiesnowhaveChinatownswhichareinthemselvespopulartouristattractions.xposedThoughtheywillbeexposedtothefreezingweather,manybravetouristsandscientistsstillchoosetovisitAntarctica.BecausetheyareinfluencedbyChineseculture,manycapitalcitiesnowhaveChinatownwhichareinthemselvespopulartouristattractions.nfluenced作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)如果不使用過(guò)去分詞，只能把一個(gè)句子拆分成兩個(gè)句子。對(duì)比之下，使用過(guò)去分詞使句子更加緊湊，句子也更有整體感。ReadthepassageaboutthehistoryoftheEiffelTowerbeforeitwasconsideredaniconicattraction.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?Whatisthetopicsentence?3Thetextcontainsquiteafewverbformmistakes.Correctthemistakesonyourown.Thencompareyourcorrectionswithapartner.TheEiffelToweristhemostfamouslandmarkinFrance,andoneofthemostvisitingmonumentsintheworld.Butitwasn'talwayssopopular.Infact,in1886,justafteritsconstructionwasfirstpropose,manywerestronglyagainstit.visitedproposedAtthattime,itwouldhavebeenthetallestbuildingintheworld,andmanyclaimitwoulddestroytheskylineofParis,orperhapsevendestroysomehistoriclandmarks.Thechiefengineer,GustaveEiffel,repliedsaythatsuchalargemonumentwasnecessarytosymbolisethegreateffortsoftheFrenchpeopleaswellasthegreatadvancementsinmodernengineering,industry,andscience.claimedsayingThenextyear,Eiffelgainsapprovalandthetowerwasbuiltintimetocelebratethe1889WorldFairinParis.Ifyoulookcarefullyatthetower,youcanstillseethenamesofthe72scientists,engineers,andmathematicianswhohelpinitsconstruction.gainedhelpedOriginally,thetowerwasplannedtobetakendownafter20years,butitprovedtobetoousefulasacommunicationstower,nottomentionagiantadvertisementboard,beforefinallybecomestheiconicattractionthatweallknowtoday.becomingMind-mapoftheEiffelTower.188618871889nowEiffelTower’sconstructionplanwasproposedstartedtobebuiltbuiltintimetocelebratedthe1889WorldFairinParisbecomesaniconicattractionAgainst:Itwoulddestroytheskylineorevensomehistoriclandmarks.For:ItcouldsymbolisethegreateffortsoftheFrenchpeopleandthegreatadvancementsinmodernengineering,industry,andscience.I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.______________________(tell)manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.2.The________(reduce)priceofeggscansaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.3.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_________(design)forlanguagelearning.4.______________________(leave)aloneinthedarkroom,thelittleboywassofrightenedthathecried.Havingbeentold/Told

reduced

designed

Havingbeenleft/Left5.Myfathermusthavebeenveryangry,forweheardtheglass________(break)onthefloor.6.Myteacherseemedquite________(satisfy)withmyworkandpraisedmeinherclass.7.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn’tmakehispoint______________(understand).8.Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtodirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.brokensatisfied

understood

takenII.

用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。It'swidelybelievedthattheBritishpeople'sloveofbeefbeganduringtheruleofKingHenryVIIin1485.Hisroyalguardwouldeatfresh1.________(roast)beefeverySunday,andit'ssaidthatthisbecamesucharitual(慣例)thattheguardswerereferredtoas

“beefeaters”.Consideringthatbythe19thcentury,the2._____________(recommend)weeklyintake(攝入)o