2023版新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit23Conflict練習(xí)北師大版

2024版新高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit23Conflict練習(xí)北師大版Unit23Conflict

課時(shí)練12篇閱讀＋1篇完形＋1篇應(yīng)用文寫作

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

A

(2024·北京懷柔區(qū)高三模擬)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesafewyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion’ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.

InNewYorkCityalone,Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通風(fēng)柵).Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(膠合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.

KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttopletelyblockthegrate.

Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon’tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.

本文主要敘述了幾年前超級(jí)風(fēng)暴Sandy猛烈攻擊美國(guó)東部，造成了洪水災(zāi)難，當(dāng)?shù)氐牡罔F被洪水沉沒。為防止地鐵再次被洪水沉沒，兩位少年創(chuàng)造了一種裝置。

1．What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A．Thestepstooperategrates.

B．Themeasurestopreventflood.

C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.

D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.

D解析：段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，據(jù)估量超級(jí)風(fēng)暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價(jià)值190億美元的損失。文章接下來(lái)分析了超級(jí)風(fēng)暴造成的洪水沉沒地鐵的緣由：目前的地鐵系統(tǒng)存在很大的弊端。故選D。

2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens’newinvention?

A．Costly.B．Time-saving.

C．Practical.D．Conventional.

C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一、二句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.”可知，他們使用的柵欄和現(xiàn)在使用的柵欄大小一樣，所以，他們說(shuō)這會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)單就可以把舊的柵欄取出來(lái)，并放入一個(gè)替換柵欄；再結(jié)合最終一段最終一句可推知，新的柵欄操作起來(lái)也很便利。故選C。

3．What’sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?

A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.

B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.

C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.

D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.

C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第三、四句可知，設(shè)計(jì)干預(yù)防護(hù)的特點(diǎn)可以阻擋操作失誤，有了干預(yù)防護(hù)，他們確保人們不會(huì)有意地在正常狀況下關(guān)掉空氣流通的功能，故選C。

4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablyefrom?

A．Anewsreport.

B．Anadventurousstory.

C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.

D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.

A解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要敘述了兩位少年創(chuàng)造了一種成本較低、有用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，應(yīng)當(dāng)屬于新聞報(bào)道類文章，故選A。

B

(2024·合肥高三調(diào)研)Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(長(zhǎng)牙)

arenotunheardof,theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthe

population.However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique’sGorongosa

NationalPark,whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry’sconflictendedin1992aretuskless.Whilethatmayappeartobejustacoincidence,JoycePoole,anelephantbehaviorexpert,hasanothertheory.The

researcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivories.

Poolesaysbeforethecountry’s15-year-longconflict,theparkwashometoover4，000elephants.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivoriestogetmoney.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatthepark’stusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.

Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambia’sSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea,areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephantsof25yearsoldorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2024studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989,largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivories.

TherecentbanonivoriesinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemalestochangethe__trend．本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa國(guó)家公園，有33%的雌象生來(lái)就沒有長(zhǎng)牙，大象行為專家認(rèn)為，這是人們?yōu)榱双@得寶貴的象牙，而對(duì)大象進(jìn)行持續(xù)不斷的獵殺而造成的非自然的進(jìn)化。

5．WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?

A．Illegalhunting.B．Constantfarming.

C．Apurecoincidence.D．Naturalevolution.

A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段尾句“Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivories.”可知，這位討論人員認(rèn)為，由于持續(xù)不斷地獵殺大象以獵取寶貴的象牙，我們可能正在目睹物種的非自然進(jìn)化。據(jù)此可知，第一段中提到的現(xiàn)象的可能緣由是非法獵殺，故A項(xiàng)正確。

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