2024屆高考英語一輪總復習必修第三冊Unit3DiverseCultures教師用書

UNIT3DIVERSECULTURES一、閱讀詞匯——在詞塊中明義1．ethnicfestivals 民族節(jié)日2．a(chǎn)mercymission 慈善任務3．a(chǎn)comicplay 一部滑稽的戲劇4．immigrantcommunities 移民社區(qū)5．a(chǎn)poetryreading 詩歌朗誦會6．a(chǎn)souvenirshop 紀念品商店7．a(chǎn)mildwinter 溫和的冬天8．a(chǎn)neatsuit 整潔的西裝二、表達詞匯——在語境中活用(一)在括號內寫出藍體詞匯在語境中的漢語意思1．Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur？(vi.發(fā)生)2．Afterwardsshewassorryforwhatshe'dsaid.(adv.后來)3．Youmustplacetheseeventsintheirhistoricalcontext.(adj.歷史的)4．Shemanagedtoseekhelpfromaneighbour.(vt.尋求)5．Hishonestyearnedtheadmirationofhisfriends.(vt.贏得)6．Hebegantokeepajournallastyear.(n.日記)7．Theplanecrashclaimedmanylives.(vt.奪取)8．Thebirdhasescapedfromthecage.(vi.逃走)9．Fatherfoldedthemap,puttingitinthebox.(vt.折疊)10．Thepaintingcomesfromhisprivatecollection.(n.收藏品)11．Theseflowerswillnotgrowincoldclimates.(n.氣候)12．Hesettleddowninatown.(vi.定居)13．Themuseumcontainsanumberoforiginalartworks.(vt.含有)(二)寫出藍體詞匯的語境之義及拓展形式1．SanFranciscoisacitythathasdiversecultures.(adj.多種多樣的)拓展：diversityn．差異(性)；不同(點)；多樣性2．Fortunesmiledonhim.(n.機會)拓展：fortunateadj.幸運的；吉利的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地3．Hewasadmittedintoatopuniversity.(vt.準許進入)拓展：admissionn．允許進入；入場費；承認4．MothertookalongtimeinselectingahatforMary.(vt.挑選)拓展：selectionn．選擇5．Somefoodcontainsadeadlypoison.(n.毒素)拓展：poisonousadj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的6．Thelibraryisunderconstruction.(n.建造)拓展：constructvt.建設；修建7．Thispairofglassessuitsyou.(vt.適合)拓展：suitableadj.合適的三、詞塊短語——在語境中辨義活用(寫出加黑部分在語境中的漢語意思)1．Withthesewords,sheheadedtothekitchenandbroughtmyfavourite.(向……)去2．Thekidsaskedtheteacheraseriesofquestions.一連串3．ApartfromFrance,theyvisitedBritainandFinland.除了……外4．Carelessnesswillbringaboutaccidents.導致5．Activitiesavailableincludearcheryandswimming,tonamebutafew.僅舉幾例6．ThePresidentvisitedtheareatoseethedamageatfirsthand.親自7．Hehadknown,whenhecametoLondon,thathewouldhavetoworkhardtoearnaliving,andhewassuccessful.謀生8．Attheageoftwenty-one,hesetofftoseekhisfortuneinthegreatcityofLondon.尋找成功致富之路四、經(jīng)典句式——在佳句背誦中品悟規(guī)則用法1.教材原句However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstateofAmerica.(Therebesb./sth.doingsth.)然而，有些人挺過了這段可怕的時期，如今居住在加州的印第安人比美國其他任何一個州都多。寫作亮句(2021年8省聯(lián)考卷寫作)Therearesomekind-heartedpersonsgoingoutoftheirwaytolendahand.有些好心人特意伸出援手。2.教材原句WhatstartedasaresidentialareaforChineseimmigrantsthenturnedintoacentreforChineseculture.(what引導名詞性從句)這里原本是中國移民的居住地，后來變成一個中國文化中心。寫作亮句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)Whatattractsmeisitsinspiringstories.吸引我的是它鼓舞人心的故事。五、“續(xù)寫”片段——在背誦中品悟如何寫靚寫美心理或動作描寫之“絕望與緊張”Theelderlycouplewalkedtowardshimandtoldhimnottocry.“Shewouldbesaddenedbyyourtearsifshewerehere.”Theysaid.Wordsknottinginhisthroat,hecouldn'tutterasyllablebutweptasthefiguresofthecouplegraduallyfaded.Umbrellaslippedoutofhishands,rainwethisclothesandhewasheartbroken.Thosesweetandbittermemoriesflashedacross,andthenhegrabbedonepapercranewithtremblinghands.Eyeslingeringonthesamesmileheusedtoobsesswith,heshuffledtowardhiscarlikeadrunkenman.這對老夫婦向他走來，告訴他不要哭?！叭绻谶@里，你的眼淚會讓她傷心的。”他們說。他嗓子里哽咽著，說不出一個音節(jié)，但隨著這對夫婦的身影逐漸消失，他哭了起來。傘從他手中滑落，雨水打濕了他的衣服，他心碎了。那些甜蜜和痛苦的回憶從腦海中閃過，然后他用顫抖的手抓住一只紙鶴。眼睛停留在他曾經(jīng)迷戀的微笑上，他像醉漢一樣拖著腳步走向他的汽車。[點評]本段使用了knot,utter,weep,slip,wet,flash,grab,tremble,linger,shuffle等動詞，形象到位地渲染出了一個悲苦絕望的畫面。1．fortunen．機會；運氣；命運；大筆的錢[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①ManyimmigrantsheadedtoCaliforniatoseektheir(they)fortunebutendedupdoingdiverseoddjobstoearnaliving.②Determinednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakeabigfortune,Mikelefthomewithoutsayingaword.③Ihopeyou_are_fortunate_enough_to_be_admitted_toanidealuniversity.我希望你能足夠幸運被理想的大學錄取。[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)makea/one'sfortune 發(fā)財try/seekone'sfortune 碰運氣(2)fortunateadj. 幸運的befortunatetodosth. 有幸做某事(3)fortune意為“機會；運氣”時，是不可數(shù)名詞；意為“大筆的錢”時，是可數(shù)名詞。2．seekvt.&vi.尋找；尋求；爭取；(向人)請求[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①Manypeopleintheirlifetimedonotevenseekto_find(find)theanswertothatquestion.②Halfanhourlater,hesoughtouthisfriendinthecrowd.③HeisgoingtoShanghaito_seek_his_fortune.他要到上海去闖世界。[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)seektodosth. 試圖做某事seekout 挑選/找出seekone'sfortune 尋找成功致富之路；碰運氣；闖世界(2)seek的過去式和過去分詞為：sought,sought3．settlevt.&vi.定居；結束(爭論)；解決(糾紛)[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Atlast,hesettleddowninadistrictwheretherewerediverseethnicgroups.②Havingsettledinabeautifulvillage，hesettlesdowntohiswriting.[系統(tǒng)歸納]settledown 定居；平靜下來；專心于settlein/intosth. 適應(新家、工作、環(huán)境等)settlein 在……居住settledownto(doing)sth. 著手認真做某事4．containvt.包含；含有；容納[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlycontainhimself(he)．②Thenewly-builtstadiumisbigenoughto_contain(contain)twentythousandstudentsandteachers.③Thecontainercontains(contain)manykindsoffruits,including(include)apineapple/apineappleincluded(include)．[系統(tǒng)歸納](1)containoneself 克制自己；自制(2)contain意為“包括”，側重“整體內有”，指在某一范圍或容器內有某物，不用于進行時。include“包括”，側重被包含者只是整體中的一部分。在句中常構成分詞短語sth.included或includingsth.。5．bringabout導致；引起；帶來[題點全練]用bring短語的適當形式填空①Idon'tclearlyrememberwhobrought_upthequestionbutclearlyrememberitbrought_aboutaheateddiscussion.②Thereasonwhythegoodsaresoldatsuchalowpriceisthatthemanufacturersarewillingtobring_downthepriceinreturnforbigvolumepurchases.③Thepictureoftenbrings_backtomemanyhappymemoriesofmyhighschooldays.④Howmuchdoesshebring_innow?[系統(tǒng)歸納]bringup 撫養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；教育；提出；嘔吐bringin 引進；獲利；賺錢bringout 出版；使顯現(xiàn)bringdown 使倒下；減少；降低bringback 把……帶回來；使回憶起；使恢復1．a(chǎn)dmitvi.&vt.承認vt.準許進入(或加入)；接納；容納[題點全練](單句語法填空)①Afterwards，hehadtoadmitputting(put)somepoisonousmushroomsinthesoup.②Aliceputitinthenewspaper,admitting(admit)thatthoughshelikedit，shedidn'tknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.③Tohispleasantsurprise，hissonhasbeenadmittedinto/toakeyuniversity.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納admitdoing/havingdonesth.承認做/做過某事admitsb./sth.tobe...承認某人/某物是……beadmittedto/into被接收(入學/入院等)admitthat...承認……難點解釋(1)admit的過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞分別為：admitted;admitted;admitting(2)admit的一詞多義是難點和高考的重點。[練重難點]寫出下列各句中admit的含義④Idon'treallyliketheauthor,althoughIhavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.承認⑤SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumadmitsvisitorsfrom9：30amto6：00pm.接納⑥Thedininghalltobecompletednextmonthcanadmit1,000students.容納2．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)[題點全練](單句語法填空)①AgoodideaoccurredtomewhileIwasmakingfortunecookies.②Itoccurredtometo_go(go)downtowntobuysomesouvenirsafterthemission.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納sth.occurstosb.某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事難點釋解(1)occur沒有被動語態(tài)，不用于進行時。occur作謂語時，主語不能是人。(2)occur的過去時、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞分別為：occurred;occurred;occurring(3)“某人突然想到(起)……”可以表達為：Itoccurs/occurredtosb.that...Ithits/hitsb.that...Itstrikes/strucksb.that...[練重難點](一句多譯)她突然想起她把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。③It_occurred_to_her_thatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice.(occur)④It_hit_her_thatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice.(hit)⑤It_struck_her_thatshehadleftherkeyintheoffice.(strike)3．escapevi.&vt.逃走；逃脫；避開n.逃跑；逃脫；解脫[題點全練](單句語法填空/翻譯句子)①Heescapedbeing_killed(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.②Totheirrelief，theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.③(2020·浙江高考寫作)最后，我們死里逃生，幸運地逃過了被那頭饑餓的北極熊傷害。At_last，we_had_a_narrow_escape，fortunately_escaping_being_hurt_by_the_hungry_polar_bear.[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escapefrom從……逃脫；逃避(2)haveanarrowescape死里逃生難點解釋(1)escape本身含“離開”的意思，后面不需加away或off等。(2)escape意為“被遺忘；被忽視”時，用sth.escapesb.結構表示。[練重難點](寫出加黑詞的含義)④Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthemoment.被遺忘4．suitvt.適合；滿足……需要；相配；合身n.西服；套裝[題點全練](單句語法填空/完成句子)①Agoodteachersuitshislessonstotheageofhispupils.②Weshouldfindsomethingmoresuitableto_play(play)with.③Besides,it's_suitable_for_you_to_bring_some_little_gifts,_suchasaspecialfoodordrinkfromyourcountry.另外，對于你來說，帶一些小禮物，比如你們國家的特殊食品或飲料是合適的。[進階學習]系統(tǒng)歸納(1)suit...to...使……適合……(2)suitableadj.合適的besuitableforsb.(某物)適合某人besuitabletodosth.適合做某事辨析比較suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；fit多指大小、形狀的合適；match多指色調、形狀、性質等方面的搭配。[練重難點](選詞填空：suit/match/fit)④Thehatdoesn'tsuither.Foronethingitdoesn'tfitbecauseofitssize;foranotheritscolourdoesn'tmatchhercharmingface.1．Therebesb./sth.doingsth.[用法規(guī)則](1)Therebe＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞短語(表示主動)Therebe＋名詞/代詞＋過去分詞短語(表示被動)Therebe＋名詞/代詞＋不定式短語(表示將來)(2)其他類似有關there的句型：Thereseems/appears/happens/usedtobe...There＋動詞(stand/lie/exist/remain...)Therebenouse/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility...Therebenosuchthing/personas...[應用體驗]單句語法填空/句型轉換/完成句子①Thereismuchmaterialwasted(waste)inourdailylife.②Thereismuchworkto_do(do)．Sowehadbetterhurry.③Therearemanyfactorswhichaccountforhissuccess.(變?yōu)楹唵尉?→There_are_many_factors_accounting_for_his_success.④There_happened_to_bealotofpeoplebytheroad.Theyhelpeduspullthecaroutofthebighole.路邊恰好有很多人，他們幫助我們把車從那個大坑里拉了出來。⑤There_is_no_such_thing_asafreelunchintheworld;youmustworkhard.世上沒有免費的午餐，你必須努力工作。2．what引導名詞性從句[用法規(guī)則](1)意義：①……的東西或事情②……的人或的樣子③……的數(shù)量或數(shù)目④……的時間⑤……的地方(2)功能：可用作主語、賓語或表語(3)注意事項：①在結構上相當于“the＋名詞＋定語從句”；②what引導主語從句時，主句的謂語動詞一般根據(jù)其成分的含義而定。[應用體驗]完成句子①Atallbuildingstandsonwhat_was_wasteland.一座高樓矗立在荒地上。②Chinaisnolongerwhat_it_used_to_be.中國不再是過去的樣子了。③(2020·浙江高考寫作)What_you_have_to_doistohaveagoodrestandfollowthedoctor'sadvice.你要做的就是好好休息，聽從醫(yī)生的建議。④What_they_need_areacarandsomewater.他們需要的是一輛車和一些水。句型轉換(把①句改為“the＋名詞＋定語從句”)⑤A_tall_building_stands_on_the_place_which_was_wasteland.eq\a\vs4\al(\b\lc\|\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(寫作主題——節(jié)日慶祝)))慶祝節(jié)日，享受合家歡樂的幸福；感受節(jié)日，體驗文化底蘊，領會風土人情。通過該主題的考查，有助于學生探究世界各地節(jié)日和文化，認同本民族文化，弘揚優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，增強文化自信。這一主題也常常出現(xiàn)在高考命題中，如：2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫，一對雙胞胎在母親節(jié)給媽媽準備早餐。MemoriesofChristmas(節(jié)選自北師大版教材必修第一冊UNIT3)IstillrememberthelastChristmasGrannyspentwithus.ItbeganinthemiddleofNovemberonacold,windyday.IrememberthewindbecauseGranny'sgreyhairwasamesswhenshearrived.(景的背后是情。寒冷多風的日子很多，記住這一天是因為記住了奶奶亂作一團的頭發(fā))ThatwasalsothedayGrannymovedin.Somehow,atthetime,Ididn'tknowshewassick.MaybeIwastooyoung,maybeshehidittoowell,ormaybeIwasjusttooexcitedthatChristmaswasontheway.(筆觸細膩地描寫了奶奶搬進來的那一天的情形)AfterGrannymovedin,shespentmostofhertimeonthebrownsofabythefire.Sometimesshewasquiet,butsheseemedhappy.(借助but道出了奶奶積極樂觀的生活態(tài)度)WhenIwrotealettertoFatherChristmastellinghimaboutthepresentsIwanted,Grannymadeanefforttohelpme.Herhandwasslightlyshaky,butshewrote“FatherChristmas,theNorthPole”ontheenvelope.(回憶了奶奶在她的最后一個圣誕節(jié)依然盡力幫助“我”完成愿望)OnChristmasEve,GrannytookaseatbythefireasweputuptheChristmastree.Ihungmostofthedecorationsonthebranches.?“That'sthemostbeautifultreeI'veeverseen，”Grannysaid.Thenshestartedsinging,“Oh,Christmastree,oh,Christmastree,youfillmyheartwithmusic...”Beforebed,GrannyandIleftaplateofsugarbiscuitsoutforFatherChristmas,andputastockingattheendofmybed.?IrememberGrannysittingonmybedandsingingsoftlyuntilIfellasleep.MystockingwasfullofsmalltoysandsweetsonChristmasmorning,andtherewerepresentsunderthetree.Iwasonmybestbehaviourasweopenedthepresents.Later,Grannycalledmeover.“Ihavesomethingspecialforyou，”Grannywhispered.“It'sforallyourtreasures.MerryChristmas.”Itwasamusicboxwithaballetdancerinside.(聲情并茂地敘述了與奶奶一起度過的最后一個圣誕節(jié)的經(jīng)歷)AfewweeksafterthatChristmas,Grannypassedaway.Ithinkofheroftenthough,especiallyatChristmas.Eachyear,Itakeoutthemusicboxshegaveme.InsideIkeepGranny'spaperhatandthelettershehelpedmewritethatChristmas.MumgavetheletterbacktomesomeyearsagowhenInolongerbelievedinFatherChristmas.?WhenIthinkaboutwhatmakesChristmassomagical,it'snotjustgiftsandFatherChristmasthatcometomind.It'salsomymemoryofGranny.NowI'mtheonewhomakessugarbiscuitseachyear,andIalwaysmakeoneinaG-shape—GforGranny.(每逢圣誕節(jié)，都會思念奶奶)由教材學寫法1．學亮點詞匯第一段最后的ontheway形象地寫出了圣誕節(jié)的臨近。第二段中的makeaneffort,slightlyshaky則暗示了奶奶的身體情況不容樂觀，同時也呈現(xiàn)了她在身體不適的情況下仍盡力陪伴作者的情形。后文描寫奶奶在作者床頭唱歌時所用的softly一詞，以及送給作者禮物時的whisper一詞都在無聲中傳達了奶奶的慈愛。2．學高級句式句?中I'veeverseen是省略了關系代詞的定語從句，修飾先行詞tree。這種被最高級修飾的先行詞后再跟I'veeverdone的句式，起到了重復強調的作用，并能給讀者留下深刻的印象。句?中until引導時間狀語從句，主句中并列連詞and連接了兩個非謂語動詞sittingonmybed和singingsoftly作賓語補足語，描述了奶奶一系列的動作。句?是一個主從復合句，when引導的時間狀語從句中what引導名詞性從句作thinkabout的賓語。主句運用了強調句型，意在強調當“我”想到是什么讓圣誕節(jié)如此神奇時，“我”想到的不僅僅是禮物和圣誕老人，還有“我”對奶奶的回憶。3．學行文邏輯本文寫作結構為“線形結構模式”。全文主要回憶了一個特殊的圣誕節(jié)經(jīng)歷。行文以時間為主線，以情感為副線，結合空間、人物、事件、情感等方面的變化將一件事情從開端、發(fā)展、高潮到結局一條線寫下來。敘述了“我”與奶奶一起度過的最后一個圣誕節(jié)。文章最后用“我”每到圣誕節(jié)都會做的幾件事，抒發(fā)了對奶奶無限的懷念。作者通過語言描寫、環(huán)境描寫、心理描寫，增加了文章的生動性、表現(xiàn)力，很好地渲染了氣氛，增加了文學意蘊。Ⅰ.多積詞塊——豐富表達方式1．a(chǎn)typicalChinesecustom 典型的中國習俗2．setoff 出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸3．exchangegifts 交換禮物4．remind...of... 使……想起……5．familyreunion 家人團圓6．beworthdoing 值得做7．onspecialoccasions 在特殊場合8．ina...manner 以……的方式/態(tài)度9．a(chǎn)ttendaceremony 出席儀式10．theopeningceremony 開幕式11．culturalexchange 文化交流12．culturalbackground 文化背景13．culturalshock 文化沖擊14．holdavarietyofactivities 舉行各種各樣的活動Ⅱ.多積佳句——彰顯表達功底1．Itiswell-knowntousallthatournationismadeupof56ethnicgroups,eachwithitsuniquetraditionalcustoms,costumesandcultures.眾所周知，我們國家有56個民族，每個民族都有自己獨特的傳統(tǒng)習俗、服裝和文化。2．Thepeoplethererelyonfarming,maincropsbeingriceandbeans.那里的人們依靠農耕，主要農作物是稻米和大豆。3．I'mgladthatyouhavegreatpassiontoknowabouttraditionalChinesefestivals,especiallytheDragonBoatFestival.Now,I'dliketosharesomedetailswithyou.我很高興你對中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日尤其是端午節(jié)非常感興趣?，F(xiàn)在，我愿意和你分享一些相關細節(jié)。4.Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities,wehaveawiderangeofchoicessuchastravellingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.除了這些傳統(tǒng)的活動外，我們還有很多的選擇，比如旅游、拜訪親戚或朋友。5．Festivalsmakeusreunite,makingallinhighspirits.節(jié)日讓我們團聚在一起，使大家興高采烈。一、作文補寫表達亮下面是李華告知外國朋友Jim在新冠肺炎疫情期間是如何慶祝春節(jié)的一封電子郵件。請根據(jù)提示，運用上面所學，將文章補充完整。DearJim，Howiseverythinggoing?I'mwritingto?express_my_gratitude_for_your_genuine_concern(表達我對你的真誠關心的感激之情)andinformyouof?how_we_celebrated(我們如何慶祝；how引導賓語從句)theSpringFestivalof2021?that_I_still_have_vivid_memories_of(我仍然清晰地記得；memory，定語從句)．?As_usual(像往常一樣),wepreparedmanydecorationsandtastyfood.But?in_order_to_reduce_the_risk(為了減少風險)ofCOVID-19transmission,mostpeoplechosetospendSpringFestivalincities?where_they_work(他們工作的地方；where引導的地點狀語從句)insteadof?returning_to_their_hometowns(返回他們的家鄉(xiāng))．Ofcourse,asyouknow,?it_was_in_most_areas_that_people_had_the_chance_to_pay_a_visit_to_the_local_tourist_attractions(在大多數(shù)地區(qū)，人們有機會去參觀當?shù)氐穆糜尉包c；強調句型)．?It_was_really_the_most_impressive_Spring_Festival_that_(這真是令人印象最深的春節(jié))Ihavegonethrough.Yours，LiHua二、續(xù)寫語段思維活根據(jù)下面給出的開頭語和情節(jié)脈絡從語言和動作描寫兩個角度續(xù)寫一個80詞左右的結尾。情節(jié)脈絡：圣誕節(jié)要到了，Della想給丈夫Jim買一個圣誕禮物，但沒有那么多錢→她偷偷賣掉自己的長發(fā)給丈夫買了一條銀制表鏈→丈夫卻賣掉了手表給她買了一把梳子……InsideJim'spackagewerecombs—somethingspecialtoholdanddecorateherlonghair.參考范文：InsideJim'spackagewerecombs—somethingspecialtoholdanddecorateherlonghair.Beautifulcombs,puretortoiseshell,withjeweledrims—justtheshadetowearinthebeautifulvanishedhair.Withtears,Dellahuggedthemtoherbosomandsaid:“Myhairgrowssofast,Jim！”Andthenshecried,“Oh,oh!Givemeyourwatch.Youdon'tknowwhatanicegiftI'vegotforyou.”Insteadofobeying,Jimsmiled.“Della,let'sputourChristmaspresentsawayandkeepthemawhile.They'retoonicetousejustatpresent.Isoldthewatchtogetthemoneytobuyyourcombs.”課時作業(yè)(一)語篇閱讀訓練——保準度Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2023·汕頭高三檢測)IfyoustoparandompersononthestreetinChina,there'saprettygoodchancethattheirsurnamewouldbeeitherWang,Li,Zhang,LiuorChen.That'sbecausethosearethefivemostcommonsurnamesinChina—sharedby30%ofthepopulation.Andthevastmajorityofthepopulationsharejust100ofthosesurnames.Incomparison,theUnitedStatesreported6.3millionsurnamesinits2010census.Thereareafewreasonsforthis:ChinaislessraciallydiversethancountriessuchastheUS,whereawealthofminoritygroupsincreasesurnamediversity(多樣性)．Italsohastodowithlanguage;youcan'tjustaddarandomstroke(音節(jié))toaChinesecharacterandcreateanewsurname.Butthere'salsoanotherfactoratplay:technology.WithChinaroaringintothedigitalage,nearlyeverythinghasmovedonline—frommakingappointmentstobuyingtraintickets.ThemainproblemisthatnotallChinesecharactershavebeencodedintocomputersystems.Thatmeantaworldoftroubleifyouhappenedtohaveararecharacterinyourname.Asof2017,upto60millionChinesecitizensfacedthisproblem,accordingtoXinhua.Peoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames,whicharen'tcompatible(兼容的)withexistingcomputersystems,cangetleftbehind—pushingmanytochangetheirnamesforthesakeofconvenience,evenifitmeansabandoningcenturiesofheritageandlanguages.Totrytoaddressthis,expertshaveincreasedthedatabasefrom32,000charactersto70,000characters,accordingtothegovernment.They'restillworkingtoexpandittoincludemorethan90,000characters,saidChenJiawei,anassociateprofessoratBeijingNormalUniversity.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國漢語言文化中的姓氏文化。)1．WhatcanbelearnedfromthecomparisonaccordingtoParagraph1?A．TherearefewercommonsurnamesinChina.B．Chinesepeoplelikesharingthesamesurname.C．TheUnitedStatesownsthemostsurnamesintheworld.D．6.3millionsurnamesinChinahavebeenshareduntilnow.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、第三句可推知，在中國普通姓氏較少。2．Whichonedescribessurnamediversityproperly?A．NewChinesesurnamesareeasytocreate.B．Surnamediversitytotallydependsontechnology.C．Minoritygroupscanincreasesurnamediversity.D．Surnamesincomputersystemsareregularlychanged.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，少數(shù)民族可以增加姓氏的多樣性。3．Whatmayhappentopeoplewithrarecharactersintheirnames?A．Theywilllosetheirheritage.B．Theyhavetochangetheirnames.C．Theyshouldexpandthedatabase.D．Theymayupgradecomputersystems.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內容可知，名字里有罕見字符的人可能不得不改名字。4．Whyhaveexpertsincreasedthecharacterdatabase?A．Tosaveheritageandlanguages.B．TokeepChinesetraditionalculture.C．Togivepeoplemorechoiceswhennaming.D．ToletusknowmoreChinesecharacters.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知，此處this指的應是倒數(shù)第二段中提到的“名字里有罕見字符”。由此推知，專家增加了字符數(shù)據(jù)庫是為了人們在取名的時候有更多的選擇，而不至于被迫改名。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五LearningthewordforfishinChinesecanbeahighlyusefulskill.Knowinghowtosay“fish”inChineseisbothpracticalandhelpfulinunderstandingculturalvalues.TheChineseCharacterforFishTheChinesecharacterfor“fish”，writteninthetraditionalform,is魚．__5__Nomatterwhatformitiswrittenin,thewordforfishinChineseispronouncedlike“you”．CulturalImportanceofFishinChinaThepronunciationoffishinChinese,“yú”isahomophone(同音字)for“abundance”．__6__Assuch,fishareacommonsymbolinChineseartandliterature,andtheyareveryimportantinChinesemythology.__7__Thecharactersforthisfishare鯉魚，pronounced“l(fā)ǐyú”．PicturesofthisfisharealsoacommondecorationfortheChineseNewYear.FishinChineseMythologyOneofthemostinterestingChinesemythsaboutfishistheideathatacarpthatclimbedthewaterfallontheYellowRiver(knownastheDragonGate)changedintoadragon.__8__Inreality,eachspring,carpcometogetheringreatnumbersinthepoolatthebaseofthewaterfall.__9__IthasbecomeacommonsayinginChinathatastudentfacingexaminationsislikeacarptryingtojumptheDragonGate.A．Thesimplifiedformis魚．B．Butveryfewmaketheclimb.C．Surprisingly,alotofthemarenotrelatedtofishatall.D．Thisadditionsuggeststhatfishismostusefultohumans.E．ThedragonisanotherimportantsymbolinChineseculture.F．Forexample,Asiancarp(鯉魚)arethesubjectofmanyChinesestories.G．ThissimilarityhasledtofishbecomingasymbolofabundanceinChineseculture.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是說明文。文章介紹了“魚”這一元素在中國文化中的意義。)5．選AA項與上句并列，說明了“魚”這一漢字的不同字形。6．選GG項與上句存在語義上的順承關系，同時該項中的Thissimilarity指代上句中的“yú”isahomophone(同音字)for“abundance”。7．選F下句中的thisfish指代F項中的Asiancarp。本段以鯉魚為例，說明了魚在中國文化中的重要性，F(xiàn)項為本段的中心句。8．選EE項中的dragon與上句中的dragon為原詞復現(xiàn)關系，說明了龍在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中的重要性。9．選BB項與上句為轉折關系，指出鯉魚翻越瀑布的不易，為下句作了鋪墊。Ⅲ.完形填空(2023·惠州模擬)Oneday,Istoodattheroadsidewaitingforabus.Everythingwasgoingas__10__whensuddenlyIhearda__11__besideme；itwasaboyin__12__clothes,withafacethatseemedlikeithadneverbeenwashedatall.IfeltsodisgustedatthatmomentthatItriedto__13__myselfawayfromthatlittleboy.Theboykept__14__me,shouting,“Bhaiya!Bhaiya！”(Bigbrother!Bigbrother！),butIdidn'tanswerhimatall.My__15__selfwascursingthecountryforitspoor__16__.Alwaysbeggingformoney—itallkeptannoyingme,makingmefeelmore__17__toanswerthatdirtylittleboywhokeptcallingtome.“Bhaiya!Bhaiya！”Iheardhimcalloutagain.ThismademeveryangryandIshoutedathimthatIhadnomoneytogivehim.Andtheboy,withoutevenbotheringtohearmywordsof__18__，saidtome,“Bhaiya,couldyoupleasehelpme__19__theroad？”Thenextmoment,Ifelt__20__.Icouldn'tfeelmylegs.Thesuddenfeelingof__21__hadengulfed(吞沒)mefromwithin.WasthiswhatIhadbecome?HadprejudiceengulfedmesotosuchalevelthatIdecidedthattheybeggedformoneyandfoodeverytimesomebodypassedby?Iheldtheboy'shand__22__andforthefirsttime,withoutafeelingofdisgustthathemightnothave__23__fordaysorweeks.Ihelpedhimcrosstheroad,andthatsuccessfulactofassistance__24__anewhopeinsideme.Irealizedthatourbeingjudgmentalwillsurelyhaveaverybadeffectunlessweovercomeit.語篇解讀：本文是記敘文。文章講述了我在等公交車時遇到一個衣衫襤褸的孩子，并誤以為他是乞丐，但最后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)男孩只是想向我尋求幫助的故事。10．A.normal B．imaginedC．discussed D．possible解析：選A根據(jù)常識可知，等公交車是日常行為。asnormal表示“照常，像往常一樣”。11．A.sigh B．weepC．voice D．scream解析：選C根據(jù)下文“Theboykept________me,shouting,‘Bhaiya!Bhaiya!’”可知，一個男孩在旁邊叫我，因此我是聽到一個聲音。12．A.small B．shabbyC．lovely D．ugly解析：選B根據(jù)下文“...withafacethatseemedlikeithadneverbeenwashedatall.Ifeltsodisgustedatthatmoment...”可判斷小男孩應該是衣著不整且臟兮兮的，我才會感到disgusted。13．A.pull B．driveC．throw D．force解析：選A根據(jù)上文我感到disgusted可知，我想遠離他。pullaway表示“離開；脫身”。14．A.touching B．lookingatC．interrupting D．following解析：選D根據(jù)下文“‘Bhaiya!Bhaiya！’Iheardhimcalloutagain.”可知，盡管我想要離開，但小男孩仍然沒有放棄，跟著我叫我?guī)兔Α?5．A.curious B．betterC．noble D．inner解析：選D根據(jù)上文“Ifeltsodisgustedatthatmoment”可知，這里應該是我暗自詛咒。16．A.politicalsystems B．conditionsC．regulations D．services解析：選B根據(jù)下文“Alwaysbeggingformoney—itallkeptannoyingme...”可知，我對這個國家的環(huán)境條件不滿。17．A.nervous B．thirstyC．reluctant D．frustrated解析：選C上文“Ifeltsodisgustedatthatmoment”和“Alwaysbeggingformoney—itallkeptannoyingme”說明我對男孩很反感，空格前的more說明我反感的情緒加劇了，更不愿意搭理他。reluctant“不情愿的”。18．A.determination B．despairC．embarrassment D．dishonesty解析：選B根據(jù)上文“ThismademeveryangryandIshoutedathim”可知，我忍無可忍，直接崩潰且失態(tài)，體現(xiàn)出我的無奈與絕望。19．A.cross B．findC．lead D．reach解析：選A根據(jù)下文“Ihelpedhimcrosstheroad”可知，小男孩是想讓我?guī)兔^馬路，不是向我乞討。20．A.calm B．stillC．numb D．disappointed解析：選C根據(jù)下文“Icouldn'tfeelmylegs”可知我的腿沒了知覺，麻木了。21．A.sadness B．sympathyC．shyness D．shame解析：選D根據(jù)上文可知，我誤解了小男孩，所以感到羞愧。22．A.firmly B．naturallyC．unwillingly D．hesitantly解析：選A根據(jù)常識可知，我?guī)『⑦^馬路時緊緊地握著男孩的手。23．A.gotapenny B．hadamealC．takenabath D．enjoyedhimself解析：選C根據(jù)上文“withafacethatseemedlikeithadneverbeenwashedatall”可知，我認為小男孩很久沒洗臉、洗澡了。24．A.boosted B．expressedC．realized D．created解析：選D根據(jù)上文中“successfulactofassistance”一詞可知，我認為幫助小男孩過馬路是有意義的，結合全文可知這一事件對我產(chǎn)生了影響，帶來了希望。Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Grandparentsoftenhaveinterestingnames.Mysister-in-lawwasknownasMimi.HerhusbandgoesbyPeeka.Why?Theirfirstborngrandchilddecidedonthosenames.Myfirstborngrandchildnamedmeaswell.IwillneverforgetthedayJoshuahuggedmeand,infrontofaroomfulofpeople,calledme“Doll.MyDollBaby！”Fromthatpointon,IwasknownasDollorDollBaby.Evenmysons-in-lawcallmeDoll.FriendsofmychildrenandgrandchildrencallmeDoll.It'sagiven.Forthemostpart,it'sfine,evenendearing,tohearmygrandchildrencallmeDoll.Buttherewasonetime...Mydaughterandherhusbandweregoingoutoftown,sotheplanwasformetopickupfive-year-oldSpencerfromkindergarten,takehimtotheirhouseto