2018年高考英語江蘇專用考前三個月文檔專題四任務(wù)型閱讀第一步技法精準剖析版含答案

專題四任務(wù)型閱讀滿分方睛第一步技法精準剖析九解題步驟與方法2宴刃中應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)解題能力2境習(xí)連儀解題步驟與方法?略讀?？焖贋g覽全文，理清文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)，了解文章的框架及各段大意。?掃讀。掃讀圖表，分析表格結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容，準確定位填空的要求，以便帶著問題尋找答案。?細讀。深入理解文章內(nèi)容，分析整合信息，準確表達。歸納概括，轉(zhuǎn)換信息尋找答案。.復(fù)查。通觀全篇，復(fù)讀檢查，尤其要注意大小寫和拼寫。復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)解題能力1.培養(yǎng)詞形和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換能力。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thecarrusheddowntheroadatastonishing(astonish)speed.Thepostalservice(serve)hereisveryunreliable.Theexamwasrelatively(relative)easy.常見的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換有：說明舉例動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，這類動詞變?yōu)槊~后，常跟have,make,take等詞搭配表示一個動作havea（n）look（talk,wash,swim,rest,dream,laugh,ride,dance,interview,etc.）makea（n）study（guess,visit,call,change,answer,reply,promise,request,etc.）takea（n）seat（drive,look,bath,etc.）表具體實物的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞adropofwater（水）,water（澆）theflowers;amap（地圖）ofEurope,map（繪制地圖）theSouthPole;abicyclechain（鏈條）,chain（拴?。゛boattoatree表身體部位或某類人的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞Thestonehithimonthehead（頭）.Head（前進）straightforthefactory.Thenurse（護士）ondutyisnursing（護理）thepatient.表抽象概念的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞Time（時間）isabirdforeveronthewing.Takeadeepbreathand'lltime（計時）you.有些形容詞可作動詞用Yourwatchisfiveminutesslow（慢的）.Slowdown（放慢）yourcarinthecrowdedstreets.Let'ssitintheshadeandgetcool（涼爽的）.Openthewindowstocool（使涼爽）theroom.培養(yǎng)英語釋義與概括能力，如：根據(jù)提示用意義相同的詞完成各句，每空一詞。Theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates,notcomfortable)Ifyouignoreyourdiet，troublewillfollow.(paynoattentionto)Atanyrate，themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.(thingssuchasfood，medicines，etc.thatareneededbyagroupofpeople)培養(yǎng)逆向思維能力。如：根據(jù)提示用意義相反的詞完成各句，每空一詞。Iamunabletocycletoschoolbecausemybicycleisbroken.(able)Therehasbeenasteadydecreaseinpopulationinthiscity.(increase)Theroughroadmadethecarvibrate.(smooth)培養(yǎng)語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀能力。利用完形填空和閱讀理解的文章，在閱讀后，寫出文章主題、段落大意，并自己動手繪制語篇結(jié)構(gòu)圖，以提高語篇結(jié)構(gòu)解讀的能力。復(fù)習(xí)建議學(xué)生在做任務(wù)型閱讀時經(jīng)常會遇到難以理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)與圖表；難以用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或某個詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；不會概括；方法不當(dāng)，信心不足等問題。因此，在備考復(fù)習(xí)時要有的放矢地進行訓(xùn)練，特別要在以下幾個方面注意積累經(jīng)驗。學(xué)會查讀(1)帶著問題有意識地在細節(jié)處和關(guān)鍵處做標記；⑵留意最醒目的字眼(time,age,number,place...)；(3)根據(jù)信息詞搜索所需要的內(nèi)容。如：5W+H:who,what,when,where,why,how；時間先后：first,then,afterthat,next,finally；因果：because,thus,leadto,causedby,asaresultof；比較：similarly,differently,like,unlike,but,while,however,instead,onthecontrary。學(xué)會組織、表述信息(1)用名詞所有格代替of。如：thecitizens'Iongerliving代替theIongerlivingofthecitizens詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。如：原文：Takingagapyearandgoingtouniversityoffervaluableexperienceinsimilarways...轉(zhuǎn)換成表格中：Similaritiesbetweentakingagapyearandgoingtouniversity...句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。如：原文：Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit；theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbeachangeintheproportionofthenation'sworkforce.把該句中的兩個分句分別轉(zhuǎn)換成三個詞以內(nèi)的名詞短語：familyunitchange；workforceproportionchange(注意抓住句子中傳達主要信息的關(guān)鍵詞 )另選其他詞來釋義。如：原文：...Theministrywarnedthattheftsandrobberiesinsideornearbanksroserapidly，withthevictimsmostlywomenandelderlypeople...Itadvisedpeoplenottotakealargeamountofcashwhiletraveling...轉(zhuǎn)換成表格中：Theftandrobberyaccountedfor80%；womenandelderlypeopleweremostlytargetedfor；peoplewereadvisedtoavoidtakingalargeamountofcash.3．學(xué)會歸納、概括原文第一段：Bytheendofthisdecade，morethanhalfoftheworld'spopulationwillliveincities.Urbanizationbringsmanyproblemstoalmosteverycountryintheworld，amongwhichenergyisoneofthemostseriousone.概括成題目：Title：UrbanizationandDevelopment復(fù)習(xí)時注意積累一些概括性的詞匯，它們的特征是：(1)概括性，在最大限度上覆蓋欄內(nèi)信息；(2)針對性，不能太大也不能太小，量體裁衣，大小適度；(3)醒目性，注意措詞。如：reason(s)，cause(s)，result(s)，effect(s)，consequence(s)，advice，suggestion(s)，opinion(s)，problem(s)，m