學(xué)生版專題07 名詞性從句-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題

專題07名詞性從句——備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題【導(dǎo)入】“兩步法”突破名詞性從句第一步識別名詞性從句的種類1．首先確定主句的謂語動詞，確定主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；2．分析從句在主句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，確定從句所屬類型：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。第二步分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)，確定從句引導(dǎo)詞確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整，結(jié)合句意填寫適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。1．若從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用從屬連詞：陳述事實用that；表示疑問“是否”用if或whether；2．若從句缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則考慮用連接代詞；3．若從句缺少狀語，則用連接副詞。另外，還需注意一些特殊的引導(dǎo)詞(if、whether、because、asif等)的用法及that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。技巧1關(guān)注連接代詞what的用法1.(2021全國新高考Ⅰ卷)_______issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.【解析】引導(dǎo)主語從句并在從句中作主語，應(yīng)填what，位于句首，首字母要大寫?？疾槊~性從句?！敬鸢浮縒hatwhat可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。它引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時有兩個意思：一是表示“什么”，帶有疑問意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相當(dāng)于一個先行詞后接一個關(guān)系代詞。Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.我們的老師總是告訴我們，如果我們想要成功，要相信我們所做的事情和我們是誰。1.（2020·浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.【2018·北京】Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what技巧2關(guān)注連接副詞的用法1.(2015全國Ⅱ卷)…thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_____thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【解析】因figureout(弄明白；計算出)后是一個句子，應(yīng)為賓語從句；引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并能修飾形容詞(thick)的，只能是連接副詞how，howthick意為“多厚”?！敬鸢浮縣ow引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever等，它們均在從句中作狀語。Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何時回來。I'vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting.我一直考慮我們?nèi)绾文苁箞蠹埜腥ぁhat'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因。Whereverhegoesmakeshisparentsworry.他無論去哪兒父母都擔(dān)心。1.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.2.【2018·江蘇】Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.where B.when C.why D.how技巧3關(guān)注同位語從句1.Otherspraisethefact______campuscanteenslaunchingdeliveryservicescansavestudents’time..【解析】空后是一個結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整的句子，故填連詞that，引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明fact的內(nèi)容?！敬鸢浮縯hat同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句。所以它總是跟在某一個名詞的后面。該名詞被稱作先行詞。1.同位語從句的連接詞同位語從句的連接詞主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位語從句中that,whether不作成分，that無實際意義，whether表示“是否”；其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.他將辭職的報道是假的。There’ssomedoubtwhetherJohnwillcomeontime.對約翰是否會準(zhǔn)時到還有一些懷疑。2.可跟同位語從句的名詞不是所有的名詞都可以跟同位語從句，?？梢员煌徽Z從句修飾的名詞有：advice建議belief信念fact事實hope希望idea主意news消息opinion觀點(diǎn)order命令promise諾言question問題reply答復(fù)report報道thought想法truth事實warning警告Theproblemwhytheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmerisstillunderdiscussion.地球為什么變得越來越曖這一問題仍在討論之中。3.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.他從瑪麗那里獲知了運(yùn)動會被推遲的消息。4.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1)從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等抽象意義的名詞,而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個主句。（2）從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,相當(dāng)于一個形容詞。而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋,相當(dāng)于一個名詞。1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）（3）從連接詞和所作成分上區(qū)別同位語從句中that只起連接作用,不作任何成分，不能省略。定語從句中that起連接作用，充當(dāng)賓語、主語或表語。作賓語時可以省略。how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。1.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.2.【2016·天津】Themanagerputforwardasuggestion____weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.A.whether B.that C.which D.what技巧4區(qū)別whoever，whatever,whomever,whichever與who，what，whom，which1..【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded_______towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever【解析】考查名詞性從句連接詞。句意：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，賓語從句中缺少主語，故用whoever，表示“任何人，無論誰”。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾1.【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.whoever D.whatever2.【2017·北京】Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever基礎(chǔ)夯實考點(diǎn)一主語從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whether,if只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分。但一般不可省略。if不可以引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句。Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.你的支持對我們的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都會有所幫助。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等who（ever）和what（ever）在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；which（ever）在從句中作主語、賓語；what,which,whose在從句中作定語。連接副詞how,when,where,why等在從句中作狀語。it作形式主語①It＋系動詞＋形容詞（necessary/likely/important/certain等）＋that從句②It＋系動詞＋名詞（短語）（apity/ashame/nowonder等）＋that從句③It＋be＋過去分詞（said/told/reported等）＋that從句④It＋動詞（短語）（seem/occurto/happentosb./...）＋that從句Itoccurredtohimthathehadanimportantconferencetoattendthenextmorning.他突然想到，第二天上午他有一個重要的會議要參加?？键c(diǎn)二賓語從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whether,ifThegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.這塊金牌將頒發(fā)給這場自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等連接副詞how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等it作形式賓語①動詞（find/feel/think/consider/make等）＋it＋賓補(bǔ)（形容詞或名詞）＋that從句②動詞（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy等）＋it＋that從句③動詞短語（seeto/dependon/relyon等）＋it＋that從句④固定搭配（takeitforgranted/oweittosb.等）+that從句IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.寫日記成了我的慣例?？键c(diǎn)三表語從句連接詞從屬連詞that,whetherThisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.這是我父親教我的——總是要面對困難并寄予最大的希望。連接代詞what,who,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever等連接副詞how,when,where,why,wherever,whenever等asif/asthoughasif/asthough意為“好像,仿佛”,引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在系動詞（be動詞,seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel,smell等）之后。若表語從句所述的是與客觀事實相反的情況,從句常用虛擬語氣;若所述的是事實或是極可能發(fā)生的情況,從句常用陳述語氣。Atthattime,itseemedasthoughIcouldn’tthinkoftherightword.當(dāng)時，我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?。連接詞becauseThis/That/Itis+because引導(dǎo)的表語從句（表原因）“這/那是因為……”Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.從太空中看,地球看起來是藍(lán)色的。這是因為地球表面約百分之七十一都被水覆蓋著?？键c(diǎn)四同位語從句連接詞同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。其連接詞主要有that,whether,why,who,where,how,when等。在同位語從句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that無實際意義,whether表示“是否”；其他連接詞具有實義，同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略。Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.常跟同位語從句的名詞advice,fact,doubt,suggestion,hope,demand,conclusion,idea,news,order,request,thought,word,wish,promise,truth,information,message,belief,report,desire,problem,possibility等。經(jīng)理提出了一個建議,我們應(yīng)該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。易錯提示1.that和what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，有實際含義。It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.真遺憾，他犯了這樣一個錯誤。IwilldowhatIcan（do）tohelphim.我將盡我所能幫助他。2.whether與if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句的區(qū)別1）whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引導(dǎo)的主語從句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主語。Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.這是否真實依然是個問題。Itisunknownifhewillattendthemeeting.他是否會來參加會議還不清楚。2）whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，大多數(shù)情況下可以互換，但是如果直接與ornot連用或用于介詞后時，只能用whether。Wedon’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.我們不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備好了。I’minterestedinwhetheryou’vefinishedthework.我對你是否完成了這項工作感興趣。3）whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句，而if不可以。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.問題是它是否值得去做。Heoftenaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.他經(jīng)常問我這項工作是否值得去做的問題。技巧點(diǎn)撥模擬演練Ⅰ、單項選擇1.Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.that B.what C.when D.where2.Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.3.Itisbynomeansclear__________thelocalgovernmentwilldowiththebuildingsofpoorquality.A.what B.how C.whether D.which4.—Thedesignersareoverthemoon.What’sup?—They’vereachedanagreementon__________thebonusesaretobedividedlater.A.why B.how C.where D.when5.______makesourschoolfamousis______morethan90%ofthestudentshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.A．What;that B．Which;because C．That;what D．What;because6.once-greatcitiesfellintoruins.A．What B．Why C．Whether D．That7.Peoplemaythinkthatdinosaurswerebig,greenwithhardskincoveringtheirbodies.Butinfact,itseemsthatdinosaursappearedverydifferentfrom________wethink.A．which B．that C．who D．what8.Airpollutionisabigproblem.Iwonder______wecandoaboutit.A．whether B．what C．how D．that9.________isknowntoallisthattheoutstandingacademicatmosphere,aswellasvariousfestivalsandsports,________manystudentstoourschool.A．It：draw B．Which：draw C．What：draws D．As：draws10.________studentsdoatthecollegemattersmuchmorethanwheretheytravel.A．Which B．Where C．What D．When11.Believeitornot,yourparentshaveexperienced________youhaveexperiencedaschildrenandteenagers.A．how B．which C．what D．that12.Morethan100studentshaveenteredforthecompetition,and________gainsthemostpointswillbethewinner.A．a(chǎn)nyone B．theone C．who D．whoever13.It’sunwisetoleave________canbelife’smostimportantdecision—futurecareer—entirelytoluck.A．which B．that C．what D．how14.Jennyhasgot________ittakestobeagoodactress.Inotherwords,shehasthepotentialtobecomefamous.A．what B．when C．that D．howⅡ、語法填空15.GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.______issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.16.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson______couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.17.Anotherbenefitofexerciseis______itwillimproveyourbody'simmunesystem,makingyoubetterpreparedtofightoffinfection.18.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.19.Itispossible______caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.20.Haveyoueverwondered______youwoulddotosolvemathproblemsifyoudidn’thaveacalculatororcomputerorevenpencilandpaper?21.SpanishsportnewspaperMarcanotedthatWuhasansweredthosewhodoubtedhismovetothecluband______“hisquickadaptationtoLaLiga(西甲)hassurprisedmanypeople”.22.These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,werecarvedonturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightinto______ancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.23.______Ilikethemostarethetraditionalwetmarkets,restaurantsofferingvariousdishesandthenumerousculturalactivitiesthatareavailablethere.24.Italsoraisesquestionsabout______Europeangovernmentsaredoingenoughtokeepupandcareforsuchbuildings.25.Theidealnapdependson______youwantfromthatnap．26.Thestudentsreturnedtoschoolwithasenseofachievement,afeeling______theyhelpedpeopleinneed.27.Usesomesimpletechniquestodistractfromtheissueandhopefullywithtime，thepersonwon'tbeabletoremember______heissupposedtoforget.28.Therewillbechallengesahead,however,whichis______wearefullypreparingforallpossibilities.29.Ifshehadvisionforthreedays,Xiongsaid,shewouldliketoseewithhereyes______thepianothataccompaniesherformorethanadecadelookslike.30.Ifirsthavetoremovealltherottenparts,andsometimes,______isleftisn’tenoughformydesigns.31.______wefeedourbodiesfeedsoureyes.32.Theidealnapdependson______youwantfromthatnap.33.Besuretobewithastrongawarenessthatyouare______youeat!34.Butit'snotthefact_______0nlypeoplewithbadhandwritingareattractedtothemedicalfield.35.Iwantedtoseeformyselfwhathappened,”saidTerry.“Icouldn’timagine______itisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthepowerfuleffectthehurricanehadonthosepeople.Ⅲ、完形填空YungangGrottoes(石窟)inDatong,ShanxiProvince,areaworldculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))sitewithahistorythat1．(go)backmorethan1,500years.InYungang’s45biggrottoesandmorethan200smallgrottoes,roughly59,000figuresoftheBuddha,2．(be)apricelesstreasureofhumanculture.3．becauseoftheeffectsofclimatechangeandnaturaldisasters,thegrottoesfacedamageyearafteryear.Thanksto4．(advance)digitaltechnology,researchersarebusy“duplicating”(復(fù)制)theYungangGrottoesinanattempttopreservethepreciousculturalrelics(遺物).Employing3Dlaserscanningtechnology,theresearchers5．(digital)recordtheshapes,colorsandotherfinedetailsofthegrottoesandlaterreproduce6．byusing3Dprintingtechnology.Thenewtechnologycouldenablemorepeople7．(access)theculturalrelicsdespitethedistance.InJune,2020,theZhejiangUniversityCulturalRelicsResearchInstituteandYungangGrottoesResearchInstitutetogether“copiedandpasted”CaveNo.12oftheYungangGrottoesforan8．(exhibit)inHangzhou,inwhichistheworld’sfirst3D-printed1:1“copy”ofagrotto.TheseYungang9．(researcher)attemptisagoodexampleoftechnologyhelpingtopreserveculturalheritage.Itishoped10．thenewdigitalizedtechnologieswillfacilitatethe“rebirth”oftheculturalrelics,andbringthemtomoreplacesworldwide.Ⅲ、作文最近，一位叫“何同學(xué)”的大學(xué)生用英語采訪蘋果CEO蒂姆?庫克（TimCook）的視頻火了,其中他流利的英語和自信的態(tài)度給大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李華，請給“何同學(xué)”（Mr.He）寫一封英文求助信，希望他能推薦一些英語口語的高效訓(xùn)練方法。內(nèi)容：1.視頻對年輕人的影響：2.求助的內(nèi)容；3.表示感謝。注意；1.寫作詞數(shù)為80左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；3.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答.DearMr.He,Howiseverythinggoing?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua真題演練【2022年】1（2022新高考II卷）“Idon'tknow___________tothankhim.”2（2022年浙江1月）Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak______shecoulddosoremotely.【2021年】1.(2021年新高考全國1卷語法填空)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.____56____issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.【2020年】1.（2020·江蘇卷）Itisnotaproblem__________wecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.A.whether B.why C.when D.where2.（2020·天津卷）Thestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometrue__________ProfessorJosephhadsaid.A.that B.what C.when D.where3.（2020·浙江卷）Overthousandsofyears，theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.【2019年】1.【2019·江蘇卷】Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence___________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.A.what B.that C.which D.where2.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.3.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.【2018年】1.【2018·北京】Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.why2.【2018·北京】Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what3.【2018·天津】Thegoldmedalwillbeawarded___________towinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomever B.wherever C.