2014年北京高考英語試題及答案詳解

2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試及答案

英語（北京卷）第二部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)， 45分）第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）從每題所給的A、BCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。例:It'ssonicetohearfromheragain. ,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.What'smore B.That'stosayC.Inotherwords D.Believeitornot答案是D。Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother, plantscanspreadtonewplaces.so B.orC.for D.but—Hi,let'sgoskating.—Sorry,I'mbusyrightnow.I inanapplicationformforanewjob.A.fill B.havefilled C.amfilling D.willfillJaneisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves halfanhour.A.by B.inC.for D.until__carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab..A.Observe B.ToobserveC.Observed D.ObservingLastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople theopeningceremonyliveonTV.towatchC.watched D.watchingIborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek, myclassmatesrecommendedtome..B.whichC.whenIhaveawordwithyou?ItwonA.Canttakelong.me..B.whichC.whenIhaveawordwithyou?ItwonA.Canttakelong.B.MustC.ShallD.WhereD.Should28.Therearestillmanyproblems beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solving B.solved C.beingsolved besolvedtheforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.A.As B.When C.Eventhough D.IncaseThebestmomentforthefootballstarwas hescoredthewinninggoal.A.where B.when C.how D.why—Whattimeisit? —Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I itforyou.A.check B.checkedC.willcheck D.wouldcheckIfoundthelecturehardtofollowbecauseit whenIarrived.A.started B.wasstarting C.wouldstart D.hadstartedpeoplebelieve hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whatever B.whenever. C.whereever D.however34.We backinthehotelnowifyoudidn 'tlosethemap.A.are B.wereC.willbe D.wouldbefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithout ..A.recognizing B.beingrecognizedC.havingrecognized D. having beenrecognized第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。TheFitting-inofSuzyKhanThefirsttimeIsawSuzyKhan,IknewIhadtohelpher.Shewasreallysmallforherageof12.Theboyinmyclassoften36aboutherandlaughedtheirheadsoff.Shewouldopenabook,pretendingtoread,withtearsdroppingontheopenpage.AllIknewwasthatshewasanorphan（ 孤兒）fromAfrica.Shehadjustbeenadoptedbyafamilyintownwho37thatthebestwayforhertolearnAmericanwaysoflifewastobewithamericankids.Ilookeddownatthis38girlandpromisedmyselfthatsomehowIwouldhelpher.ButhowcouldIhelpher39inwithus?Therehadtobea40 . Oneday,whenIwentintotheclassroom,IsawthatSuzyhad41her geographybooktoapictureofatrain,andinhernotebook,shehadmadea（n）42copy. Iwassurprisedandthoughtthatshecoulddosomethinginthecoming43show.So,Itookhertoseetheartteacher,MissParker,andshowedherwhatSuzyhad44 . “why,it'swonderful,”

saidMissParker,whothenshowedusapostershehadpainted45thetalentshow. "Ineedmoreofthese,butIjustdon'thaveenough46 .Couldyouhelpme,Suzy? ”O(jiān)nthedayofthetalent show,Suzy's47were everywherealloverthehallandallovertheschool,eachonedifferent.“Andfinally,”saidMrBrown,theschoolmaster,attheendoftheshow, “wehavea（n）award.I'msureyou'veallnoticedthewonderfulposters. ”Everyonenodded. “Oneofourownstudents49them.”Whoinourschoolcoulddraw50well?saying,“ Whoinourschoolcoulddraw50well?saying,“ 51thisstudentworkedsohardon神秘）artistisournewstudent——SuzyKhan!thewonderfulpostersandgaveheraprofessionaltheposters,sheartisttheposters,sheartist'sset. “Thankdprobablynever54deservesa52,too.Ourmystery（Mr. Brownthankedherforallyou,”shecried.I53 ,atthattimewhenIwaslookingatherexcitedface,sheanythinginherwholelife.Everyonestartedto55theirhands.SuzyKhangavethemashysmileandtheapplausewasdefening.IknewthenSuzywasgoingtoneallright.36.A.jokedB.caredC.trainsD.worried37.A.reportedB.decidedC.complainedD.questioned38.A.richB.proudC.tinyD.popular39.A.comeBfallC.fitD.tie40.A.mannerB.patternC.choiceD.way41.A.readB.takenC.openedD.put42.A.freeB.perfectC.finalD.extra43.D.talent44.A.coloredB.writtenC.carvedD.drawn45.A.atB.afterC.forD.around46.A.roomB.timeC.paperD.interest47.A.giftsB.booksC.photosD.posters48.A.specialB.academicC.nationalD.rayal49.A.paintedB.foundC.printedD.collected50.A.veryB.thatC.quiteD.too51.A.IfB.ThoughC.UnlessD.Sinee52.A.prizeB.rankC.restD.place53.A.repliedB.realizedD.regretted54.A.offeredB.valuedC.ownedD.controlled55.A.clapB.waveC.raiseD.shake第三部分：閱讀理解 （共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASeaLifeMelbourneAquarium（水族館）Theall-newSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium,situatedintheheartofMelbourne'sCBD,isoneofVictoria'sleadingvisitorattractionsandanunforgettableoutingforthewholefamily.Having12amazingzonesofdiscovery,SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumistheveryplacethatyoucannotmisswhenyouvisitthecity.OpeningTimesSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumisopenfrom9:30amuntil 6:00pmeverydayoftheyear,including publicholidays.Lastadmissionisat5:00pm,onehourbeforeclosing.Location（ 位置）SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumislocatedonthecornerofFlindersStreetandKingStreet,Melbourne.ItissiyuatedontheYarraRiver,oppositeCrownEntertainmentComplex.GettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumTrainTheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumtrainstopislocatedonthefreeCityCircleTramroute（ 公交線路）andalsoroutes70and75.CityCircletramsrunevery10minutesinbothdirections.ShuttleBusTheSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumisafreebusservice, stoppingatkeytouristattractionsinandaroundtheCity.Runningdaily,every15minutesfrom10:00amto4:00pm.

CarParkingWhilethereisnopubliccarparkingatSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium,thereareseveralpubliccarparkinglotsavailableonlyashortwalkaway.*WheelchairAccessSeaLifeMelbourneAquariumprovidespeopleinwheelchairswithfullaccesstoall12zones.Eachflooralsohaswheelchairaccessibletoilets.*TermsTicketswillbeemailedtoyouimmediatelyafterpurchaseoryoucandownloadandprintyourticketoncepaymenthasbeenaccepted.PleaseprintoutallticketspurchasedandpresentatthefrontentranceofSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium.Noticket,noentry!TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium .A.islocatedatthecenteroftheCBDinthecity B.has12mostattractiveplacesinMelbourneadmitsvisitorsfrom9:30amuntill6:00pmD.isbesideCrownEntertainmentComplexGettingtoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium,visitorscantake .A.trainsfromsouthernCrosstrainstation B.shuttlebusesaroundthetrainstationC.boatsacrosstheyarraRiver D.eithertramroute70or75SeaLifeMelbourneAquariumoffersvisitors .A.freecarparking B.wheelchairaccessC.Internetconnection D.transportationserviceTicketstoSeaLifeMelbourneAquarium .A.arefreetoallvisitors B.canbepursedbyemailC.rarecheckedattheentrance beprintedattheticketofficeBTheBrownBearMywifeLauraand Iwereonthebeach,withthreeofourchildren, takingpicturesofshorebirdsnearourhomeinAlaskawhenwespottedabear.Thebearwasthinandsmall,movingaimlessly.Justafewminuteslater,Iheardmydaughtershouting,“Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!”Anagreesivebearwillusuallyrushforwardtofrightenawayitsenemybutwouldsuddenlystopatthelastminute.Thisonewassilentanditsearspinnedbackthesign（ 跡象）ofananimalthatisgoinginforthekill.AnditwasacoldAprilday.Thebearbehavedabnormally,probablybecauseofhunger.Iheldmycameratripod（ 三腳架）inbothhandstoformabarrierasthebearrushedintome.Itshugeheadwaslevelwithmychestandshoulders,andthetripodstuckacrossitsmouth.ItbitdownandIfoundmyselfsupportingitsweight.IknewIwouldnotbeabletoholditforlong.Evenso,thiswasafightIhadtowin:Iwasallthatstoodbetweenthebearandmyfamily,whowouldstandlittlechanceofrunningfasterthanabrownbear.Thebearhitatthecamera,cuttingitoffthetripod.Iraisedmyleftarmtoprotectmyface;thebeastheldtightlyonthetripodandpresseditintomyside.Myarmcouldnotmove,andIsensedthatmybonesweregoingtobreak.Drawingbackmyfreehand,IstruckthebearashardasIcouldforfivetosixtimes.ThebearopeneditsmouthandIgraspeditsfur,tryingtopushitaway.Iwasactuallywrestling（ 扭打）withthebearatthispoint.Then,assuddenlyasithadbegun,thefightended.Thebearmovedbacktowardtheforest,beforereturningforanotherattackThefirsttimeIfelfpanic.Apparentlysatisfiedthatwecausednofurtherthreat,thebearmovedoff,destroyingafenceasitwent.Myarmwasinjured,buttheoutcomeforuscouldhardlyhavebeenbetter.I 'mproudthatmyfamilyremindedclear-headedwhenpaniccouldhaveledtoaverydifferentoutcome.Thebrownbearapproachedthefamilyinorderto .upaA.catchshorebirds B.startanattackC.protectthechildren setupabarrierforitselfThebearfinallywentawayafterit D.tookawaythecameraD.cautiousnessD.tookawaythecameraD.cautiousness決定）Thewriterandhisfamilysurvivedmainlyduetotheir .A.prideB.patienceC.calmnessCChoosingtheRightResolution（MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013with,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweighttheoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeattheinput（入）.Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstrucegoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution: "I'llstophavingdesertforlunch,”or"I'llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recently anewscieneebehindincentives （激勵(lì)）,including ineducation, hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectonoutput.Fryer 'sconclusionwasthattheintensivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausedonotknoehowtodobetteronexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike"studyharder.”Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchaneeofsuccess.Andit'seasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafe,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn'tagoalbecauseit'stoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,don 'tstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause .A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisionsInRolandFryer'sresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause .A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrules B.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooksAccordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A."I'llgiveupdesert.” B."I'llstudyharder.”C."I'llcutdownmyexpense ” D."I'llspendmoretimewithmyfamily ”Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould .A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalaneetheinputangoutputDMultitaskingWhatisthefirstthingyouniticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed（展示）attheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?Uniessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop'sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroduced scentintoitsstores,customers'intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand 'ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonslaes.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperieneetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants'disprovingattitudeanddon't-touch-what-you-can 't-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectronic commerce（e-commerce）hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudienee.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（ 實(shí)體店）canofferafullexperieneefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Nowafamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut（ 椰子）scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore'swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstore?A.Friendlyassistant. B.Uniqueseents. C.Softbackgroundmusic D.attractivewindowdisplay.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zE-shopsarementionedinthepassageto .A.ashowtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstoresB.urgeshopassistants tochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsounds D.introducetheriseofe-commerceTheunderlinedword “destination ”inParagraph5means .A.aplatformthatexhibtsgoods B.aspotwheretravelersliketostayplacewherecustomerslovetogo D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeetThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .A.compareandevaluate B.examineandassessC.argueanddiscuss andexplain第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分。共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EvaluatingSources（來源）ofhealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequairs reasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Resonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofinsrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71 Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminwhetheritwasbasedongoodscienee.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.73 Watchformisleading Ianguage.Somestudieswillfind thatabehaviour“contributesto”oris“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluate “scientific ”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery（ 江湖騙術(shù)）.75Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyaboutthehealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.Makechoicethatarerightforyou