英語名師講練大一輪復習人教版核心素養(yǎng)測評三十七選修8Unit2Cloning

溫馨提示：此套題為Word版，請按住Ctrl,滑動鼠標滾軸，調(diào)節(jié)合適的觀看比例，答案解析附后。關(guān)閉Word文檔返回原板塊。核心素養(yǎng)測評三十七選修8Unit2Cloning(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAnexcitinglandingprocessofChang’e4lunarprobe(月球探測器)wasseenthroughthemonitoratBeijingAerospaceControlCenterinBeijing,Jan.3,2019.Ittoucheddownonthefarsideofthemoonat10:26a.m.BeijingTime,beingthefirstspacecraftsoftlandingonthemoon’sunknownsidenevervisiblefromEarth.China’sChang’e4probehasstartedtheexplorationonthefarsideofthemoonthankstotherelaysatellitethatprovidesamunicationlinkwithgroundcontrol.Therelaysatellite,namedQueqiao,meaningMagpieBridge,afteraChineselegend(傳說),waslaunchedonMay21,2018,andbecamethefirstmunicationsatelliteoperatingintheHaloOrbit,nearly500,000kmfromtheearth.Itcanalsoprovidemunicationforprobesfromothercountries.Therelaysatellitewillalsobeusedforscientificandtechnologicalexperiments.ThemaximumdistancebetweenthesatelliteandtheChang’e4probeonthefarsideofthemoonis79,000km.ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.Thesatellitecanstayinitsorbitforalongtimeduetoitsrelativelylowfuelconsumption,astheearth’sandmoon’sgravitybalancesitsorbitalmoving.Whileinorbit,itcan“see”boththeearthandthefarsideofthemoon.TheconceptofusingarelaysatelliteintheHaloOrbitwasfirstputforwardbyU.S.spaceexpertsinthe1960s,butwasrealizedbyChinesespaceengineers.Researchershopetousethecamerasonthesatellitetorecordasteroids(小行星)hittingthefarsideofthemoon.TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.Topromotepublicinterestinspaceexploration,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationinvitedpeopletowritedowntheirwishesforlunarandspaceexploration,andtherelaysatellitecarriesthenamesoftensofthousandsofparticipantsandtheirmessages.【文章大意】這是一篇應用文。文章報道了北京時間2019年1月3日10時26分,我國嫦娥四號探測器成功登陸月球背面。1.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.TherelaysatellitewaslaunchedonJan.3,2019.B.Chang’e4probewasthefirstmunicationsatellite.C.Therelaysatelliteonlyexploresthefarsideofthemoon.D.TherelaysatellitecanhandledatafromChang’e4probe.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.可知,中繼衛(wèi)星可以處理來自嫦娥四號探測器的數(shù)據(jù)。故選D。2.Whywasthesizeoftherelaysatelliterelativelysmall?A.Toreducethecostasmuchaspossible.B.TomakeitcircleMoonforalongertime.C.Toavoidbeingcrashedbyothersatellites.D.TofollowAmericanspaceexperts’advice.【解析】選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.可知,中繼衛(wèi)星的尺寸相對較小是為了節(jié)約成本,故選A。3.Whatmaderesearcherssufferfromgreatstress?A.Fewpeopleinterestedintheexplorationonthemoon.B.Therelaysatellitecarryingtoomuchequipment.C.Theirlackingenoughtimetodeveloptherelaysatellite.D.People’sneverbeingoptimisticabouttherelaysatellite.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.可知,研究者們壓力很大是因為他們只有30個月的時間開發(fā)這個衛(wèi)星,即缺乏時間,故選C。4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ChinaisanewspacepoweraftertheUSA.B.Chang’e4probelandsonMoon’sfarside.C.Chinesespaceengineersmakemuchprogress.D.Spaceexplorationisadangerouschallenge.【解析】選B。主旨大意題。文章主要報道了嫦娥四號探測器成功登陸月球背面,并介紹了衛(wèi)星在月球登陸的情況,因此,本文的主要內(nèi)容是嫦娥四號探測器在月球背面著陸。故選B。BDreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’veeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.CumberlandIslands,GeorgiaJustafewhourssouthofSavannah,thisnationalseashoreisapicnicparadise.It’sanunspoiledplaceintheDeepSouthwithover50milesofhikingtrails(小徑).CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.GrantPark,ChicagoIfyouarelookingfordeliciousfoodinChicago,goforatasteofa20day,lakefront,foodiefestivalthathappensinOctobereachyear.Grabaspotnearthefountaintoenjoyyourpicnic,appreciatethecitysceneryandlakeviewsandrelaxwithfamilyandfriends.IfyouarethereonJuly4th,besuretoplanthedaytoincludethefireworksdisplayattheNavyPier.CranberryIslands,MaineHere,you’llenjoynaturalpicnicswithislandviews.Theislandsareadelightfulgroupofislandsabout20minutesoffshorefromAcadiaNationalPark.Youcanvisittheislandsbyprivateboatorferry(渡船)service.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.BigSur,CaliforniaThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem.Besidesthecoastalwildlifetherearerareplantmunities,anduniquegeologicalformations.It’sgoodtohaveapicnicthere.Weremendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了美國的4個頂級野餐區(qū)的相關(guān)信息。5.WhatareCumberlandIslandslike?A.TheyarejustnexttoSavannah.B.Theyhaven’tlosttheirnaturalness.C.TheyarealmostcoveredinSpanishmoss.D.Theyhaveaspectacularshoweverynight.【解析】選B。細節(jié)理解題。由CumberlandIslands,Georgia中的“It’sanunspoiledplace...”可知,這是一個未遭破壞的地方。所以CumberlandIslands并沒有喪失它的自然風光。故B選項正確。6.Wherecanyouenjoyobservingwildlifewithatelescope?A.AttheNavyPier.B.IntheDeepSouth.C.AtAcadiaNationalPark.D.AtthePointLobosStateReserve.【解析】選D。細節(jié)理解題。由BigSur,California中“ThePointLobosStateReserveisasmallgem...Weremendbringingatelescope,becausemuchofthewildlifecanbeseenonlyatadistance.”可知,PointLobos是評價很高的國家保護區(qū)。我們建議帶上望遠鏡,因為大部分野生動物只能在遠處看到。所以在PointLobos國家保護區(qū)可以享受用望遠鏡觀察野生動物的樂趣。故D選項正確。7.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tointroducesomepicnicareas.B.Tosharepersonalstoriesaboutpicnics.C.Totellreaderssomegoodwaystorelax.D.Toofferreaderstipsforwinterholiday.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由“Dreamingofsummerpicnicsfilledwithfamilyandfun?We’veeupwith4ofthetoppicnicareasacrosstheUS.”(夢想著家人陪伴、充滿樂趣的夏季野餐?我們想到了美國四大頂級野餐區(qū)),以及下文對于野餐區(qū)的詳細說明,可以判斷出作者寫這篇短文的目的是要介紹一些野餐區(qū)。故A選項正確。8.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthispassage?A.Inapersonaldairy.B.Inasciencereport.C.Inatravelmagazine.D.Inageographytextbook.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,短文介紹了美國的4個頂級野餐區(qū)的相關(guān)信息。所以這篇短文是寫給那些要去旅游的游客的,希望他們在讀到這篇短文之后,獲得更多關(guān)于去哪里旅游和野餐的信息。所以判斷最有可能在旅游雜志上讀到這篇文章。故C選項正確?！局R拓展】長難句分析1.CoveredinSpanishmoss,thetrailsarelinedwithtreesandsinceit’sstillaruralarea,thestarslineupforaspectacularshowatnightandcreatetheperfecteveningstarlitpicnicopportunity.分析:covered是過去分詞作狀語;since引導原因狀語從句。翻譯:這些小路上到處都是寄生藤,路邊是一排排的樹。因為它仍是鄉(xiāng)下地方,晚上時能看到壯觀的星象,給了人們完美的晚上觀星的野餐機會。2.Bringapicnicbasketalongfortherideasit’saromanticpicnicareatotakeyourspecialsomeoneorgoforafamilyoutingtovisittheislands.分析:本句是祈使句;totake...是定語,修飾area。翻譯:出門時為這次旅行帶上野餐籃,因為這是一個浪漫野餐區(qū),你可以帶上特殊的某人或者家人去參觀這些島。Ⅱ.完形填空LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.Recently,shenoticedoneofherstudents1astrangehairstyle—abraidedtopknot(頭飾).She2heratonce.Butthestudentthoughtshewas3.“Shedidn’tbelieveme,sosherespondednothing,asshe4away.”Leighatoldreporters.

Tothestudent’s5,Leighacametoschooltheverynextdaywiththe6samehairstyle.“Iwenthomeandgottoworkonmyhair!Withmystudent’shairbeing7tomine,Ithoughtthebetterwaytoshowherhow8shecouldmakemefeelwaswiththesamebraidedtopknot.”

Leigha9thechanceofcreatingahairstyletoencourageherstudents.“Whenstudentsare10forwhotheyareasanindividualbeyondgradesonareportcard,theywillwanttogotoschoolandwantto11inlife.”sheexplained.“Thissmallactionofcopyingahairstylealsoshowsthatstudentshavethe12toinspireteachers.”

Leigha13aphotoposingwithherstudentsandtheir14onTwitter(推特).“Whenyourstudentisjustsocute,youhavetocopyher,”shewrote.AnotherTwitteruser,decidedtorepostthepictureinotherwords,“Thisteacher,MsBishoppraisedoneofherstudents’hair,sayingshelovedit,butthelittlegirldidn’t15her.Thenextday,theteachercametoschoolwithherhairdonethesameasherstudent’s.Socute!”Thepostspread16andmanypeople17theirthoughts.Onesaid,“Weneedmoreofthis.Itbuilds18(whichmakesthembelieveinthemselvesmore).”

Asateacher,Leighasawhow19itwastoshowherstudentstheimportanceofshowingthemselvesandwantedtomakethe20ofallcolorsbetterandbetter.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,介紹一個老師為了博得學生的信任,特意剪了一個與之一樣的發(fā)型,并且在網(wǎng)上獲得廣泛關(guān)注。1.A.drawingB.wearingC.pullingD.dressing【解析】選B。句意:最近,她注意到一個學生留著一個新奇的發(fā)型,一個編頂結(jié)。draw吸引,畫;wear穿戴;pull拉;dress穿衣。根據(jù)后文可知,是學生的新奇的發(fā)型讓LeighaBishop也做了同樣的發(fā)型,故選B。2.A.praised B.criticizedC.treated D.helped【解析】選A。句意:她馬上贊賞了學生。praise稱贊;criticize批評;treat對待;help幫助。根據(jù)前文LeighaBishopisalwaysfindingnewwaystoencourageherstudents.可知,LeighaBishop鼓勵學生,因而稱贊學生的個性行為,故選A。3.A.puzzling B.laughingC.joking D.treating【解析】選C。句意:但是學生認為老師在開玩笑。puzzle疑惑;laugh大笑;joke開玩笑;treat對待。根據(jù)后文Shedidn’tbelieveme,sosherespondednothing可知,LeighaBishop的行為沒有起到預期的效果,適得其反,故選C。4.A.walked B.putC.blew D.cleared【解析】選A。句意:她不相信我,因為她離開的時候,沒有回應我。walk走;put放;blow吹;clear打掃。根據(jù)文章可知,學生不認為老師是在夸獎自己,故一言不發(fā)地走開了,故選A。5.A.sadness B.surpriseC.worry D.disappointment【解析】選B。句意:讓這個學生驚訝的是,LeighaBishop第二天留著同樣的發(fā)型來到學校。sadness悲傷;surprise驚訝;worry擔憂;disappointment失望。根據(jù)文章可知,Leigha為了讓學生相信她,做了一個與學生一模一樣的發(fā)型,因此學生很驚訝,故選B。6.A.awkward B.positiveC.alike D.exact【解析】選D。awkward令人尷尬的;positive積極的;alike像;exact準確的,確切的。根據(jù)文章可知,Leigha為了讓學生相信她,做了一個一模一樣的發(fā)型,故選D。7.A.funny B.familiarC.different D.similar【解析】選D。句意:由于我學生的發(fā)型與我的相似,我認為展示她讓我感覺挺不錯的更好的方式就是留一個相同的編頂結(jié)發(fā)型。funny有趣的;familiar熟悉的;different不同的;similar相似的。根據(jù)文章可知,Leigha為了讓學生相信她,留了一個相同的發(fā)型,故選D。8.A.niceB.uglyC.awfulD.terrible【解析】選A。nice好的;ugly丑陋的;awful糟糕的;terrible可怕的。9.A.playedapartinB.tookadvantageofC.fellinlovewithD.cameupwith【解析】選B。句意:Leigha利用做發(fā)型的機會來鼓勵學生。playapartin起作用;takeadvantageof利用;fallinlovewith愛上;eupwith想出。故選B。10.A.mentioned B.replacedC.evaluated D.examined【解析】選C。句意:當學生們因為他們自身而不是僅僅因為報告單上的成績被評價時,他們將會想去學校,同時想在生活中有所成就。mention提及;replace代替;evaluate評估;examine檢查。故選C。11.A.achieve B.wanderC.please D.demand【解析】選A。achieve成功,獲得,實現(xiàn);wander漫游;please使……高興;demand要求。根據(jù)文章可知,學生們都想獲得成功,故選A。12.A.wish B.responsibilityC.possibility D.problem【解析】選C。句意:模仿學生的發(fā)型這一小小的舉動也說明了學生有可能啟發(fā)老師。wish愿望;responsibility責任;possibility可能性;problem問題。故選C。13.A.took B.used C.shared D.enjoyed【解析】選C。句意:Leigha在推特上分享了一張照片,這張照片是關(guān)于學生和他們發(fā)型的擺拍。take帶;use用;share分享;enjoy喜歡。故選C。14.A.hairstyles B.homeworkC.clothes D.fashion【解析】選A。hairstyles發(fā)型;homework家庭作業(yè);clothes衣服;fashion時尚。根據(jù)文章可知,本文談論發(fā)型,故選A。15.A.regret B.satisfy C.like D.trust【解析】選D。句意:但是這個小女孩不相信她。regret后悔;satisfy使?jié)M意;like喜歡;trust信任。根據(jù)前文可知,小女孩不信任這個老師,故選D。16.A.quickly B.slowlyC.steadily D.luckily【解析】選A。句意:這個帖子傳播得很快,很多人都寫下他們的想法。quickly快速地;slowly緩慢地;steadily穩(wěn)定地;luckily幸運地。故選A。17.A.forgotabout B.setaboutC.paidattentionto D.wrotedown【解析】選D。句意:這個帖子傳播得很快,很多人都寫下他們的想法。forgetabout忘記;setabout著手;payattentionto注意到;writedown寫下。根據(jù)本句可知,帖子傳播很快,很多人寫評論,故選D。18.A.confidence B.paniesC.houses D.strength【解析】選A。句意:我們需要更多像這樣的東西,它建立了信心。confidence自信;panies公司;houses房子;strength力氣。根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的解釋可知選A。19.A.embarrassed B.toughC.important D.wonderful【解析】選C。句意:作為一個老師,Leigha讓學生能夠明白展示自己是多么重要,同時也想讓各種膚色的學生變得越來越好。embarrassed尷尬的;tough困難的;important重要的;wonderful神奇的。根據(jù)文章可知,本文主要講述學生新奇發(fā)型的事情,對此老師是認可的,故選C。20.A.countries B.teachersC.schools D.students【解析】選D。country國家;teacher老師;school學校;student學生。根據(jù)文章可知,本文講述學校里面留發(fā)型的事情,與學生有關(guān)。故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空導學號閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Airpollutionisakiller.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysitkillsaboutsevenmillionpeoplearoundtheworldeachyear.Evenif1.(pollute)airdoesnotkillyou,itcanmakeyouverysick.Breathingindirtyair2.(frequent)maydogreatharmtoyourbody,3.__________canalsoaffectyourbrainandyourability4.(think).Anewstudyshowsthatairpollutioncancauseahugedecreaseinyour5.(intelligent).Theresearchersreportedthatlongtermsufferingairpollutioncan