閱讀理解00 2018考研幫基礎(chǔ)

課程配套講義是學(xué)習(xí)的必備資源，幫幫為大家精心整理了高質(zhì)量的配套講義，確保同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)的方便與高效。該講義是幫幫結(jié)合大綱考點(diǎn)及考研輔導(dǎo)名師多年輔導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上科學(xué)整理的。內(nèi)容涵蓋考研的核心考點(diǎn)、復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。結(jié)構(gòu)明了、脈絡(luò)清晰，并針對(duì)不同 第八章真題超精 1999Passage 2000Passage 2003Passage 2003Passage 2004Passage 2004Passage A閱讀能力一直是各種英語(yǔ)考試考查的重點(diǎn)。在全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試中閱讀理解的A部分占了整個(gè)試卷分值的40%，而且其他部分與閱讀理解也密切相關(guān)。英譯漢以它為基礎(chǔ)。（生詞量不超過(guò)所讀材料總詞匯量的3%，包括信函、書報(bào)和雜志上的文章，而且還考查考，Tim（，The）y國(guó)），T），T（衛(wèi)報(bào)科普類文章主要來(lái)源于：NationalGeographic（國(guó)家地理雜志，Scientific，Scienc（，New，，Natur（商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章主要來(lái)源于：BusinessWeek（商業(yè)周刊，TheEconomist（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家雜志）WallStreetJournal（華爾街雜志。間將面對(duì)的大量概括性強(qiáng)、抽象思維為主的材料有關(guān)。簡(jiǎn)言之，的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨，把片面的、次要的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)成主要觀點(diǎn)。因此考生一定要從文中找依據(jù)、范圍等都與原文完全一致。第三，字面意思。在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，許多詞或短語(yǔ)存在多義的現(xiàn)象，考生如果只掌握其常用的基本詞義是不夠的。在閱讀實(shí)踐中，更不能用已掌握的常用詞義去類似這樣的詞語(yǔ)：TRUE、NOT、EXCEPT等，這類詞一定要標(biāo)出，防止在做題時(shí)個(gè)意群（意群是指表達(dá)特定概念的一個(gè)或一組詞語(yǔ)，便于在文中定位。題中的意群要仔細(xì) 中某個(gè)人的話；(4)it,this,that,which,these,those等。例如：Theword“mania”(line4,paragraph2)mostprobably Theword“bummer”(line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething Theword“talking”(line6,paragraph3)denotes Theexpression“tipservice”(line3,paragraph3)mostprobably Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”(line3,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeans By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”(line1,paragraph1),theauthorWhentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling,hemeansTheword“it”(line3,para2)mostprobablyrefersto 該單詞并不重要，重要的是上下文，如果該單詞認(rèn)識(shí)，并且不超綱，那么他在文章中必能根據(jù)線索找到該選項(xiàng)的同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.★Theword"dormant'inthethirdparagraphmostprobably [A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationmayactivateadormantoncogene…可以分析出致癌基因inactivitybutawaitingdevelopmentoractivityinactive同義，沒有二次使用是為了避potentialactivate(makeactive)的意思也不搭I(lǐng)havediscovered,asperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstress,thatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife,”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.★“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterized [A]non-materialistic [B]abitof[C]extreme [D]anti-【正確項(xiàng)精解】首先根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Jugglingone'slife進(jìn)行定位。段首提到，放棄“jugglingone'slife”的生活哲學(xué)，轉(zhuǎn)而過(guò)一種“downshifting”的生活得到的回報(bào)更高。由此workingdays,pressureddeadlines,thefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaRumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher'spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened."Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor"equaltime"intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience,Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard"scientific"creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.★"Creationism"inthepassagerefers [A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginofthe[B]anotionofthecreationof[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearth[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginofthecreationismcreationismcreationists慣用手法的creationism是一種虛假理論，D選項(xiàng)正確。creationismevolutionA選項(xiàng)將兩者等第一段第五句只提到creationism基于宗教而產(chǎn)生，B選項(xiàng)屬無(wú)中生有。Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.★Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeans A.religiousB.unpleasantC.soulD.【答案精解】根據(jù)題干快速精確定位（原文第五段。本段指出：無(wú)論是現(xiàn)實(shí)生活還是bummer，由此可知，bummer是帶有“痛苦”“悲傷”等消極彩色Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythanthey★Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirst[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedin[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonal[C]Apersonwhohashadno[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasby【正確項(xiàng)精解】untaught原意為“未受教育的，無(wú)知的”，理解它的確切含義要通過(guò)語(yǔ)untaughtmind這類人的想法：discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents他[B]選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與第一段無(wú)關(guān)。[C]untaughtmind的字面意思，文中提到的這類人未必沒有知識(shí)，沒有文化。[D]選項(xiàng)本身存在理解上的錯(cuò)誤。原文是說(shuō)“untaughtmind這類人以為發(fā)明總是由于偶然原因被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)”，并不是指“他們自己由于Comeupwith意思是：產(chǎn)生，發(fā)現(xiàn)（解決辦法、方案）。例如：ForyearsJonesKeptworkinghard,comingupwithnewandgoodideas.幾年來(lái)瓊斯一直努F(xiàn)oranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttothenbroadenit."Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,"saysanotherexpert."There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis."Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain."Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,"saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.★Theexpression"tipservice"(Line4,Paragraph3)mostprobably [B] [C] [D]分號(hào)后提到當(dāng)你收到電子郵件時(shí)，把它看作是再次核查數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的提示，句中remindertipservice前后呼應(yīng)，為其同義解釋，故［D］選項(xiàng)正確。tipservice在原文中的含義無(wú)關(guān)，屬于“答非所問”。ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC'sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganisationasitis,ortomakechanges. TheBBC's"royalcharter"(line4,paragraph4)stands thefinancialsupportfromtheroyaltheprivilegesgrantedbytheacontractwiththeauniquerelationshipwiththeroyal（原文第四段）末句提到政府進(jìn)行民意調(diào)查的原因是：theBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges，可見，royalcharterBBSrunout的含義。runoutC選項(xiàng)。英國(guó)是君主立憲制國(guó)家，與女王簽約表明BBC是國(guó)家辦的廣播公司，而非私營(yíng)企業(yè)。Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.★Theword"schism"(line3,paragraph1)inthecontextprobably ★Paragraphs2and3arewritten discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience'sshowtheauthor'ssympathywithexplainthewayinwhichscienceexemplifythedivisionofscienceandthe［A］confrontation(對(duì)抗)deepened不搭配，其謂【正確項(xiàng)精解】文章首段最后一句提出了全文的主旨：科學(xué)與人文之間的分裂更加深from,becauseof,byaccordingto等。在問句中，常用的what,which,where,who,when,how（五個(gè)“W”一個(gè)H，如：IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcareMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchisTheemergenceoftheNetTomakeyourhumorwork,youAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecauseWhatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?WhydoesCarreerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?HowdidRedmondfindhisjob?OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofus,the"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.★Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankasheobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopleenjoygreatertrustfromthecashmoneywhereverhewishes★Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearn inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatenowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayinitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthan【答案詳解】本文第一段通過(guò)一系列的實(shí)例說(shuō)明信用卡（creditcard）給其使用者帶來(lái)的符合事實(shí)。無(wú)論是持信用卡還是支付現(xiàn)金，顧客在購(gòu)物時(shí)都享受同等的信譽(yù)。[D]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在呢？注意：解此題的關(guān)鍵是定位到具體的一句話。【答案詳解】本題考查考生對(duì)第一段最后一句的理解。該段最后一句指出“對(duì)于我們很nowadays與原句時(shí)態(tài)相符，manyAmericansformanyofsotaynhlsit一致，因此[C][A]intefutretislyreteAmericans也過(guò)于絕對(duì)。[]選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容原文未提及；而且它與本段第二句談到的可以在國(guó)外使用信用卡的事實(shí)相悖。[D]選項(xiàng)亦無(wú)法從該句推論。命題意圖要求考生理解某句話的內(nèi)涵，弄清楚它的每個(gè)單詞、表達(dá)方式和整句話傳達(dá)的信息。有時(shí)可以借助離得不遠(yuǎn)的上WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthings★Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto elementary [B]enthusiastic[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayof【答案詳解】文章首句是個(gè)設(shè)問句，題干是對(duì)它的改寫，其中duetoaccountfor是同aboveall（最重要）inalargepart同義，顯示它后面的內(nèi)容與前面所列原因相比，更具重要性。因此D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他選項(xiàng)都是次要原因。YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels—ITVandChannel4—wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment'sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers'subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm. TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnoother [A]theemergenceofcommercialTV[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythe[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsand[D]thechallengeofnewsatellite【正確項(xiàng)詳解】本段（原文第六段）BBC不得不進(jìn)行改革，接著陸續(xù)給出原Itisthearrival...whichwill...thebiggestchanges...，強(qiáng)調(diào)后一原因更具重WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuiltOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionage----spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.★TheemergenceoftheNet [A]receivedsupportfromfanslike[B]remoldedtheintelligence[C]restoredmanycommon[D]revivedspyingasa絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了購(gòu)買書籍和郵寄信件這樣的日常消遣方式，也正在重塑多諾汶曾經(jīng)從事的職業(yè)”。從該段第二句得知，多諾汶是間諜大師，其職業(yè)就是情報(bào)工作，也就是［B］選項(xiàng)的“teitllesriesmldsingA(ldeld，［C［選項(xiàng)也都屬于“偷換概念”，混淆“stoe”和“me”以及“se”和“rie”含義：原文中的含義是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了人們的日常消遣方式，而“stoe”的意思是“恢復(fù)”；而“rie”FriedmanreliesonaleanstaffinAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm'soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford'sbriefsdon'tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.★Straitfordismostproudof [A]official[B]nonconformist[C]efficient[D]militaryproudof可定位至文章末段最后一句。該句指出，司特Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression."Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores--personality,ability,courageorhumanity--arecompletelyignored,"saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee."Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."★Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocial[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestcreativity“強(qiáng)調(diào)機(jī)械的學(xué)習(xí)，而不注重創(chuàng)造性”偷換為ischaracterizedbymechanicalOncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvited,thedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.★IntheviewofNet [A]thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonline[B]moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoonthe[C]theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevision[D]thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutNetpurists定位至第三段最后一句。該句提到“這是一線文化高度贊揚(yáng)的理念是：流動(dòng)到屏幕上的信息是應(yīng)特定的需要而出現(xiàn)(theinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest)。這一理念也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)凈化者所推崇的。因式”的反感偷換為“營(yíng)銷信息本身”。［B］選項(xiàng)屬于“無(wú)中生有”，moneymaking在文中的題干中一般都包含了若干標(biāo)志性詞匯，如suggest,imply,infer,indicate等，例如：The4thparagraphsuggests Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketing,theauthorimplies （1）絕大多數(shù)推斷題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同意替換，正確答案與Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.★Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyesto[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthe[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvital[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheirbut一詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，指出讓人著迷有時(shí)也就讓人盲目，第Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheir★Cartwrightseemstosuggest [A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbad[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemunder[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnatural[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtothe【正確項(xiàng)精解】推斷題。根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的信息快速精確定位到（原文第四段。該belongtotheunconsciousneednotbelefttotheunconscious。【干擾項(xiàng)分析】［A］wakeupjustVisualizehowyouwouldlikeittoend設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，原文的意思是“想象如何結(jié)以［C］選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，如在should后加一個(gè)not，則［C］就是正確的了。Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itis,however,presumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientists,somanybusinessmen,somanyaccountants.Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.★Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor'scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis [A]dependentuponthestartingageof[B]worthtryinginvarioussocial[C]oflittlepractical[D]attractivetoeverykindofEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltraining定位到本段（原育)培養(yǎng)出的各類專業(yè)人員不太可能達(dá)到所需的數(shù)量”。由文中轉(zhuǎn)折詞however和負(fù)面詞匯［A］選項(xiàng)和［D］選項(xiàng)均屬于“無(wú)中生有”，利用文中個(gè)別詞匯設(shè)置Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheUS,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.★Fromparagraph4wecaninfer [A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurt[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsand[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessare[D]theStandardOiltrustmighthavethreatened該題型要求考生1)區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)2)seleillttionmsttionmliyillstemste等，具體問法如下：Thecaseof…demonstratedTheauthorwantstoprovetheexampleof…that...Theexampleof…isusedtoshow...返回原文定位該例子干擾項(xiàng)特征例子本身，就事論事。Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn'ttheyfalloutofthesky?★TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewton [A]inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientific[B]scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesare[C]scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureof[D]unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificmindspreparednessoftheminds，aremoreimportantthan...dependsfarlesson...thanon...Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.★Inparagrah2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshow [A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthe[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildren[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyand[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalleadingactortheirenvironmentsupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplay。【干擾項(xiàng)分析】文章第一段指出特殊兒童與正常兒童相比有許多不同，但是并沒有具體就某方面的不同進(jìn)行比較，而[]選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了原文不存在的“家庭影響”比較，所以不對(duì)。[]yptilildnilyndsit[]選項(xiàng)的含義與原文已大相徑庭。[選項(xiàng)也出現(xiàn)了文中未有的“比較”。ighmhirtn意思為：比……分量重得多，比……重要得多。Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ItdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.★ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicy ［A］gettingfinancialsupportfrom［B］gettingovertheirout-datedanti-colonial［C］buildingindustrial［D］beinginvadedinA選項(xiàng)是本段（原文第四段）getovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment（克服對(duì)外國(guó)投資所持的過(guò)時(shí)的反殖民主義偏見）的概括和改寫，即接受外國(guó)投資，所以為正確答案。B選項(xiàng)雖屬于原文內(nèi)容，但不屬于政策的內(nèi)容，偷換了概念。C,D兩個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)都屬于例子本身WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"of spyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.★Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetext[A]introducethetopicofonline[B]showhowhefoughtforthe[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformation[D]honorhisuniqueservicestothe·多諾汶的故事出現(xiàn)在文章第一段，該段段尾指出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了多Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.★Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentioned [A]stresstheimportanceofprofessional[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorld[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpert[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthan【答案精解】文章在第一段指出：出色的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員往往出生在一年內(nèi)的前幾個(gè)月而theauthor’sattitudeattitude的近義詞來(lái)進(jìn)行表述。但是intheeyesof等字樣，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)加以區(qū)分。例如：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsIQ Howdothepublicfeelaboutthelong-termeconomicsituation? [B]Confused Whatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry? 積極的：positive(肯定的,積極的),optimistic(樂觀的),useful(有用的,有益的),admiring(贊賞的,欽佩的),instructive(有益的,教育性的),enthusiastic(熱心的,熱情的),supportive(支持的),approval(贊成,同意),approving(滿意的)消極的：negative(否定的,消極的),pessimistic(悲觀的,厭世的),disappointed(失望的),frustrated(失敗的,挫折的),critical(批評(píng)的，批判的),questioning(質(zhì)疑的),doubtful(可疑的),dissatisfied(不滿意的),biased(有偏見的),suspicious(懷疑的),oppose(反對(duì)),opposition(反對(duì)),worried(擔(dān)憂的),depressed(沮喪的)客觀的：objective(客觀的),impartial(公平的,不偏不倚的),detached(超然的，不偏不倚的),impersonal(非個(gè)人的,客觀的)會(huì)專門撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),gloomy令人沮喪的scared恐懼的),disgusting令人厭nevertheless,howeverbut,yet★Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheissueseemsto [A] [B] [C] [D]【答案詳解】本道題目不用定位原文，根據(jù)命題規(guī)律就可以選出正確答案。撰文。另外，puzzling迷惑的),biased（偏見的）出現(xiàn)也不會(huì)是正確選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)橐话憧佳虚喿xgloomy(令人沮喪的),scared(恐懼的),disgusting(令人厭惡的)等詞語(yǔ)。Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.★Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems［A］optimistic［B］overconfident［C］gloomy［D］Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebates,Australia'sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickedup,halfaworldaway,byJohnHofsess,executivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup'son-lineservice,DeathNET.SaysHofsess:"Wepostedbulletinsalldaylong,becauseofcoursethisisn'tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It'sworldhistory."Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief,others,includingchurches,right-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociation,bitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia—whereanagingpopulation,life-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart—otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanada,wheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrength,observersarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylaw,anadultpatientcanrequestdeath—probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill—toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera"coolingoff"periodofsevendays,thepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNickson,a54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition."I'mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofview,butwhatIwasafraidofwashowI'dgo,becauseI'vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks,"he★Fromthesecondparagraphwelearn [A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinother[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewon[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthe[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw's★Whenthea