考研復(fù)試腫瘤試題專業(yè)英語

結(jié)外器官或組織的局部侵犯（IIE。（III（IIIES平持續(xù)8周。差強（tumorsitu（ATLSG1G2（mg/m2.wk（SVCS（AFP（CEA（PSA（NSE（HCG（VMA抗原、早期抗原抗體（VCA、EA-IgA，鼻咽癌。質(zhì)量，康復(fù)、止痛。方法：研究合理治療方案，進行康復(fù)指導(dǎo)，加強鍛煉，合理飲食，止痛。完全緩解（CR4部分緩解（PR4好轉(zhuǎn)（MR）25%以上，但<50%，病變進展（PD25%，或出現(xiàn)新病灶?？偩徑饴剩篊R+PR。不可測量的病變CR：所有的癥狀、體征完全消失至少4周。PR：估計腫瘤大小減少50%或大于的變化比較緩慢，所以判定NC至少在開始治療的第8周后。PD提高內(nèi)科治療效果的策略：尋找新作用機制的新藥發(fā)展已知藥物高效低毒的衍生物；克服耐藥（ⅠE（ⅡE（ⅢS（ⅢE（ⅢSE制性毒性；適應(yīng)證廣，效果確切，廣泛應(yīng)用于綜合治療。適應(yīng)證管癌瘺道；外周血像過低WBC<3×109/L；PLT<80×109/L。原則：目的明確、安排合理、或成分血。出血：是惡性腫瘤常見并發(fā)癥，也是致死的主要原因之一。原因：1.腫瘤本身所致：放療：對大多數(shù)惡性抗癌藥物的分類：1細胞增殖動力學(xué)分類：1)細胞周期非特異性藥物(cellcyclenonspecificCCSA)，如紫杉醇、健擇。2藥理學(xué)分類：1)2）抗代謝藥：氟尿嘧啶、卡莫氟、吉西他濱。3）抗腫瘤抗生素：阿霉素、絲裂霉素、柔紅霉素。4）抗每周1次；注意觀察出血傾向；避免服用阿司匹林或含阿司匹林的藥物；必要時輸血小板成分血；：堿性磷酸酶↑癌胚抗原甲胎蛋白X透視、平片、特殊XX透視、平片、特殊X放射性核素顯像 1 腫瘤標志物2、多藥耐藥性3、廣泛切除術(shù)4、姑息性放療5新輔助化(MDR)現(xiàn)象。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這和多藥耐藥基因(mdr－1mdrp)及由1 41.腎小管與腎小神經(jīng)系 前角細 軸索退 神經(jīng)病 長春花生物性 生殖細胞

再生停止或退 不育癥、乳房女性 烷化劑、甲基芐免疫功能抑 烷化劑、甲基芐畸形發(fā) 烷化劑、抗代謝腫瘤（包括白血病發(fā)生 烷化劑、甲基芐3 4 5 色體重排，4.啟動子插入。 2 失控的原因。原癌基因大多數(shù)是正常細胞生長所必需的生長因子及其受體，由于發(fā)生基因峰在40~45歲以后，所以相應(yīng)地腫瘤發(fā)病率和死亡率也有增高。鼻咽癌、Hodgkin(H.pylori，Hp)也識，開始了針對細胞受體、關(guān)鍵基因和調(diào)控分子為靶點的治療，人們稱之為“靶向治療 Conditions& Brain Carcinoma, Carcinoma,basal Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Carcinoma,squamous Carcinoma,transitional Embryonal Irradiation Marrow Myeloma, Neoplasm NephroblastomaWilm’s Neurogenic Osteogenic Reticulumcell Stagingof Staging, Tumour, Tumour, Tumour, Investigations,Treatment& Adjuvant BenceJones Biopsy,aspiration Biopsy, Biopsy, Biopsy, Body Cancer Cancer Carcino-embryonic Counter, Counter,whole External Filling Film Frozen Half Interstitial Intracavitary Linear Operation, Operation, Plant Radiation Radioactive Radiological Radiotherapy,after- Radiotherapy,pre- Scintillation Tracer glandAdenoma腺瘤(xianFatzhiLipoma脂肪瘤(zhifangMusclejiMyoma肌瘤(jiCarcinomaaiOsteomaguOsteosarcomaguroulymphtissue淋巴組織（linbeLymphoma淋巴瘤(linbaaAddingtheSuffixoma(aswelling)toanorganortissueWordRootsmakesitatumor瘤Aphysicianwhospecializesinthediagnosis,treatmentandmonitoringofCarcinomaaiaiCarcinomaisthemostcommonformofcancer.Thiscancerdevelopsfromepitheliaorlineabodycavity,suchastheglandularliningofstomach).Somenamesfortumorsofthistypewouldbe:Carcinomaoftheprostateqianliexianliuke)Hepatocellularcarcinoma肝細胞癌(ganxibaoai)Arareformofcancerthatarisesfromconnectiveandsupportivetissues,suchasthatseeninthebonemarrowgusuimuscle,andlymphaticslinbaxitong)Osteosarcoma(malignancyofbone)骨肉瘤(gurouliu),multiplemyelomadoesnotalwaysappearinthenameasinthesecondexample.Literally,theMalignantvs.Benignexpressionmeans“evil”versus“good”.Malignantisthetermusedwhenacanceroramedicalconditionhasthepotentioaltobecomelifethreatingorterminal.Benign,ontheotherhand,meansthatthediseaseisnotfatal.Advancedmalignancyjieqindeiswhenacanceriswelldeveloped.ThecancerdegeneratestuihuainresponsetoradiationCancerisslowtorespondormaynotrespondatalltoradiationTheplacementofcancerinotherorgansortissuesotherthentheorigin起源(qiyuaniscalledmetastasisandthetravelingofthecancertootherareasofthebodytoformnewtumorsistermedMetastasizezhuanyiThisInvasive入ruqindequalityofatumortospreadintosurroundingorgansisamanordifferentiationbetweenmalignantandbenign.InremissionmianThisisthetermthatindicatesatimeperiodofholdingthecancerincheck被阻止(.beizuzhi).RelapsebuCarcinogensarecancer-causingagents.Broadcategoriesincluderadiation.virusesarecarcinogensandexcessiveradiationexposure.Environmentalchemicalsfoundintobaccosmokeandautomotiveexhaust,toxicemissionsfromfactorysmokestacks,andasbestosexposurecanbecarcinogeniczhiaiwucauseofcervical子宮頸的(zigongjingde)cancer.Repeatedlowdosesofradiationtherapythatallowahighertotal.toanemiapinxieandcanbeatanincreasedriskforinfectiousdiseaseschuanranbingduetothereducednumberofleucocytesbaixieChemotherapeuticagentshuaxueliaoChemotherapyhuaxueliaofahasthegoalofkillingorstoppingthedevelopmentofrapidlydividingcells.ExamplesareCisplatin,Carboplatin,Bleomycinbolaimeisu5-fluorouraci5funiaomiding),anSincethesamemechanismthatkillsamalignantcellorblocksdevelopmentofamalignantcellcanhavesimilareffectsonanormal,rapidlydividingcell,anyoftheseagentscanhavebadsideeffects.Someformsofcancertreatedwithchemotherapymaycausethecancerto“disappear”forawhilealthoughnotcuredandthepatientmaybesymptomfreesometimesformonthsoryears.Malignantmelanomaexingheisu"blackmolecancer"isthenamegiventothemostdangerousformofskincancer皮pifuaiitismalignantmelanomaexingheisuliuThereasonmelanomaissodangerousisthatonceitgrowstoacertainthickness,itmetastasizesthroughoutthebody.Afterthemelanomahasspreadtotheinternalorgansthereislittlethatcanbedoneanddeathfollowsshortlyafter.Thistypeofcancertendstooccurinmenandwomenintheprimeoftheirliveszuichude),青春(qingchun),精華(jinghua).AdjuvanttherapyfuzhuliaoAftersurgicalremovalofthecancerthereareadditionaltreatments,whichmayincludechemotherapy,radiation,orcombinationofboth.Destroyingmalignanttissuebyfreezingitwithacoldprobe.Oftenusedforsofttissuesliketheliver.Thistermmeans“l(fā)ightning”inLatin.Malignanttissuedestroyedwithanelectrocautery電烙術(shù)(dianlaoshu)instrument.ExcisionalBiopsyqiechuhuazujijianRemovaloftumorandasafemarginofnormaltissueishowanexcisionalbiopsyisperformed.Canbecurativeformanycancersifdonebeforemetastases活組織檢huozujijianchahuozujiqiepianjiancha).EnblocresectionqingshaoRemovalofthetumorandalargeamou