高考英語專題復習課件：完形填空(公開課)

高考英語專題復習課件：完形填空(公開課)第一頁，共39頁。為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多?1.沒有嚴格遵循答題步驟:多數(shù)同學考試時擔心時間緊,在沒有弄清短文的中心和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下匆忙答題.事實上我們用在這一題上的時間可以達到15-18分鐘.

切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時間進行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡后再著手逐個填空.2.不注意積累答題技巧:a.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應關(guān)系;b.遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇.第一頁第二頁，共39頁。模棱兩可處和看不懂，該怎么辦？似懂非懂，找尋答案就如大海掏針從頭到尾充滿了暗示猜也要猜得有理有據(jù)命題是藝術(shù)，解題就是技術(shù)；命題是設計陷阱，技巧就是識破陷阱第二頁第三頁，共39頁。不看文章和題干，讓你輕松選答案(民間藥方）（2010遼寧卷）36AworriedBsadCsurprisedDnervous52ALargelyBGenerallyCGraduallyDProbably47AsIfoundout,thereis______46,oftennoperfectequivalence()betweentwo___47intwolanguages.Myauntevengoessofarasto___48thataChinese"equivalent"cannevergiveyouthe___49meaningofawordinEnglish!47AwordsBsrillCideasDcharacters第三頁第四頁，共39頁。詞匯題高考完形填空考什么？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

句際關(guān)系第四頁第五頁，共39頁。題材常為說明文或夾敘夾議的文章.內(nèi)容完整,邏輯性強,語言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹.考察近義詞語細微差別的辨析.考察重點多為實詞:名/代/動詞/形容/副詞等.關(guān)注語境背景知識,側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián),暗示判斷能力.側(cè)重于篇章,體現(xiàn)語用判斷和內(nèi)在邏輯.完型填空特點:第五頁第六頁，共39頁?？季V解讀

完形填空是一種綜合測試，涉及的知識面很廣，是用來測試考生的閱讀理解能力和綜合應用語言的能力。具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：(1)詞語辨析能力(2)語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力(3)語篇理解能力(4)邏輯推理能力(5)文化背景透析能力(6)作者意圖剖析能力(7)生活常識綜合運用能力第六頁第七頁，共39頁。解題方法：(科學藥方)總的原則:“先完意，后完形”。八字方針：上下求索，瞻前顧后。三步曲：讀——填——讀第七頁第八頁，共39頁。跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復檢查結(jié)合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，個個擊破

完形填空的解題步驟把握整體具體分析第八頁第九頁，共39頁。三步答題Step1Skip(跳讀)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，幫助進入語境）第九頁第十頁，共39頁。Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsome

methods.(在把握語篇大意的基礎上，借助于一些恰當?shù)姆椒ㄟx擇最佳答案)第十頁第十一頁，共39頁。Fourmethods(四種常用的方法)：1、context

(上下文語境)2、worddistinctionsorcollocations(詞語辨析和固定搭配)3、informationgiveninthepassage(利用文章中的信息---原詞復現(xiàn)、近義詞和反義詞等)4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常識)第十一頁第十二頁，共39頁。Step3Readthepassageagainandcheck

theanswers.（將所選定的詞放到文章中復讀檢查）

第十二頁第十三頁，共39頁。

Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(時態(tài)語態(tài)，主謂語在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(語法和習慣用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs

(段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整體上檢查結(jié)構(gòu)、語義及邏輯是否一致，上下文的銜接是否合理)第十三頁第十四頁，共39頁。完形填空九大解題技巧第十四頁第十五頁，共39頁。利用首句來解題Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas

36

andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobe37(anything)

butafailure.”

36.A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopeful第十五頁第十六頁，共39頁。2.根據(jù)上下文語境，合理推斷來解題Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas

37

.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.

37.

A.strict

B.honest

C.special

D.learned38.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praise第十六頁第十七頁，共39頁。Practice

Hisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedout

betweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreled D.joked44.A.clean B.straightC.largerD.darker第十七頁第十八頁，共39頁。常見的標志性的詞語有以下幾種:結(jié)構(gòu)層次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；邏輯關(guān)系：thus,therefore,so；遞進關(guān)系：besides,what’smore,further;轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,while,however等。3.利用語篇的標志性的詞語解題第十八頁第十九頁，共39頁。Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)__1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.1.A.disappointing B.wonderfulC.uncomfortable D.important__第十九頁第二十頁，共39頁?！璦ndtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange__37_quitepleasanttaste.

37.A.besidesB.butC.and D.or

4.根據(jù)邏輯推理解題第二十頁第二十一頁，共39頁。Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discoverPractice第二十一頁第二十二頁，共39頁。Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.

A．dry

B．distant

C．deserted

D．wild5.根據(jù)常識和文化背景的角度來選擇第二十二頁第二十三頁，共39頁。Iwentintoacaféandaskedforacoffee.

21

Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed

22(loneliness).A．Before

B．Since

C．Although

D．While6.從語法角度來解題第二十三頁第二十四頁，共39頁。1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Soheshouldn’thavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback7.從詞匯辨析和固定搭配方面來解題第二十四頁第二十五頁，共39頁。8.利用詞匯的復現(xiàn)解題Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(琺瑯）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt上文中講蛀牙如何產(chǎn)生?？?1和紅體單詞在意義上是一致的，屬于同義詞復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。第二十五頁第二十六頁，共39頁?！?Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe___38____

smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already9.利用語氣副詞的情景解題第二十六頁第二十七頁，共39頁。summary研究首尾——找主題上下聯(lián)系——尋信息左顧右盼——找搭配思前想后——覓邏輯語境分析——辨詞義集中精力——破難題回讀檢查——補漏洞第二十七頁第二十八頁，共39頁。完形填空之

實戰(zhàn)訓練第二十八頁第二十九頁，共39頁。第二十九頁第三十頁，共39頁。

（08江西）Thethreeyouthsleanedoverthemetalrailsalongthesea-wallandwatchedafewfishermenpullintheirnets.Aboutthirtymetresaway,aboatpulledalongsidetheslipperystepsleading36tothesea.“Hey,look!”exclaimedRahim.“Thosetwomenare37heavyrocks.Ithoughtwenolongerdomusclelabourinthistechnological38.”“youdon’t39acrane(起重機)tounloadlessthanadozenrocks,doyou?”smiledJoshua.“Butthosemendon’t40tohavemusclesatall,”saidMichael,rathersurprised.Joshuasmiled.“Theyare41laborerswhoknowhowtospreadtheweightoftherocksthey42.Seehowthemanpositionstherockjustattheslopeofhis43.36.A.throughB.acrossC.downD.up37.A.loadingB.unloadingC.coveringD.uncovering38.A.wayB.revolutionC.processD.era39.A.askB.expectC.attemptD.hope40.A.happenB.failC.haveD.seem41.A.ambitiousB.experiencedC.potentialD.energetic42.A.takeB.fetchC.carryD.bring43.A.shoulderB.backC.chestD.arms原詞重現(xiàn)語境理解詞義用法排除法語境-詞義詞義辨析常識第三十頁第三十一頁，共39頁。Someoftherock’sweightisset44hishead,someontherighthandandsomeonthelefthand.Hisbodyisn’tbent.Hislegsarewell45.”“You’reright,Josh.Hemayhaveasmallbuild.46hecertainlywellknowshisjob.Dearme!Andtothinkwehavebeenstudying47!”Rahimthoughtaboutallthatwashappening.Suddenly,hesaid,“Technologywon’t48thehumanbeingcompletely,itappears.”“Idon’tthinkitwill.”49Joshua.“Youcanharvestacropofpotatoesorwheatwithoneofthoselarge,multi-purposetractors,butyou50usethatequipmenttoharvestlealeavesandtomatoes,willyou?”44.A.onB.againstC.towardD.under45.A.supportedB.graspedC.placedD.strengthened46.A.butB.howeverC.soD.therefore47.A.chemistryB.physicsC.biologyD.psychology48.A.controlB.affectC.removeD.replace49.A.agreedB.proposedC.refusedD.denied50.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.won’tD.needn’t常識詞義詞義辨析轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系語境理解詞義語境語境原詞重現(xiàn)第三十一頁第三十二頁，共39頁?！癥oucangetacomputerto51multiple-choiceassessments,butyoucannotgetthecomputertoproduceofassessessays,canyou?”askedMichael.“Well,thewashingmachineleavesmyshirtcollarquiteas52asever---that’sdomestictechnologyforyou!”saidRahim.“Oneday,perhaps,therewon’tbeanybody53whocancarryalargerockthewaythosemendo.It’snotgoingtobeavery54world,I’mafraid.”SighedMichael.“You’retoomuchofapessimist(悲觀主義者)，Mike.”SaidJoshua.“55willalwaysbeotherthingsthatwillmaketheworldexciting.”51.A.pointoutB.takeoutC.handoutD.printout52.A.dirtyB.cleanC.oldD.new53.A.caughtB.arrangedC.leftD.convinced54.A.excitingB.mysteriousC.technologicalD.modern55.A.ThatB.ThisC.TheyD.There常識常識-語境詞義-句型原詞重現(xiàn)固定句型第三十二頁第三十三頁，共39頁。Aredreamsofanyusetothedreamerortoanybodyelse?Wemayrememberthetravelerwho__1_______theshipWaratahatDurbanbecauseofhisterrible_2_______.TheWaratahlaterdisappearedentirely,witheveryoneon_3________.Thetraveler’sdreamshelpedhimandsavedhimfrom_4__________,buttheydidn’thelptheotherpeople.Whywasthismantreated_5___________fromeveryoneelse?1.A.left B.gotC.drove D.enter2.A.ideas B.suggestionsC.dreams D.words3.A.board B.shipC.sea D.deck4.A.life B.deathC.illness D.disease5.A.similarlyB.differentlyC.strangelyD.unfortunatelyleftboarddeathdifferentlydreams第三十三頁第三十四頁，共39頁。Anotherman_6_____hadadreamabouttheBlackForestinGermany.Inhisdreamhewaswalkingintheforest_7______twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimtothe_8_______.Heranoffasfastashecould,buttheyfollowed.Hereachedaplace_9_____hesawtwo_10________roadsinfrontofhim,onetotherightandtheothertotheleft.Whichroadoughtheto_11______?6.A.alone B.onceC.still D.even7.A.while B.asC.before D.when8.A.floor B.earthC.soil D.ground9.A.which B.thatC.where D.who10.A.same B.separateC.divided D.crossed11.A.take B.bringC.carry D.go句型下文有暗示賓語separatewheregroundwhenoncetake第三十四頁第三十五頁，共39頁。Problemsolvingstrategies上下文語境（context)常識背景（commonsense）習慣搭配（phrases&idioms）詞義辨析

（comparison）語法分析（grammaranalysis)邏輯分析

(logicalanalysis)排除法

（exclusivemethod）靈活的解題技巧第三十五頁第三十六頁，共39頁。Heheardthetwomen_12____him,gettingnearerandatthesametimeheheardavoi