文本二階相干度

TheoreticalDefinition:fromcorrelationfunctiontodegreeofJointprobabilityoftwo-photondetection:bunching/anti-Typeofphotonstatisticaldistributions:Poissonian/sub-/super-Measurement:ahistoricalHanburyBrown-Twiss(HBT)interferometerCoincidencedetection&time-of-arrivalmeasurementAnti-bunching/sub-Poissonianlight2ndorderdegreeoftypicallightInterestingrecentprogress&Definition:fromcorrelationfunctiontodegreeofn-thself-correlationfunctionofrandom,tnVt1,tnVt1Vt2 VtnwhichdescribescorrelationofasinglerandomprocessatdifferentCross-correlationfunctionofrandomV*tVt whichdescribescorrelationbetweentworandomprocesswithsettledtimeIntensitycorrelationfunctionoflightElectricvectordividedintopositive&negativefrequencypartsEr,tEr,tEr,tGeneraldefinitionofn-thintensitycorrelationfunctionGnr,r ,r;t,t Er,t Er,tE Er 1 1st&2ndorderdegreeofStricttotemporaldomain,normalizedandlimitwithinthe1st&2ndg1 *:[1]p.p.46(2.2-**:[1]p.p.62(2.4-

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***:[2]p.p.113Jointprobabilityoftwo-photondetection:bunching/anti-Jointprobabilityoftwophoton???? a?tg2isproportionaltothejointprobabilitythatdetectedonephotonattimetandanotherattBunching&anti-Assumesonephotontobedetectedatt=0ifg2g20,thesecondphotonismorelikelytobedetectedinashorttimeinterval,andphotonslookliketo“bunch”together,calledphotonbunchingotherwiseifg2g2thesecondphotonismorelikelytobedetectedlongtimeandphotonslookliketo“stayaway”witheachother,calledphotonanti-Anti-bunching:aquantumBunchingcanbeexplainedbyclassicalwhileanti-bunchingisatotalnewcharacterpredictedonlybyquantumSothecertificationofanti-bunchingisvitaltothevalidationofquantumoptics*:[3]p.p.**:[4]Fig.Typeofphotonstatisticaldistributions:Poissonian/sub-/super-TypeofstatisticalnnePoissonian pn ,withnnne**Sub-Poissoniandistribution:n2nSuper-Poissoniandistribution:n2nRelationwithg2 2g20 1nn 2Relation

g2

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n

g2Differencebetweenbunchingtype&Poissoniandistribution“Itispossibleforaspecifyfieldwhichisanti-bunchingexhibitssub-Poissonianstatisticssometime*:[4]Fig.**:[3]p.p.42HanburyBrown-Twiss(HBT)Thefirst2ndorderCorrelationofdetectedSagnacringinterferometeretal.extendmeasureof1storderopticalcoherencetoTwodetectors(onewithslidetoadjustposition)timedelayer&correlatorThoughnotawareofitsinvokemeasurementof2ndorhigherorderopticalProvidecertificationmeansofquantumopticalcoherencetheory,soasvalidationofquantumtheoryofMakeahistoricalinfluenceonthedevelopmentofquantumCoincidencedetection&time-of-arrivalCoincidencedetectionTomeasurethe2ndordercoherencewithdifferenttimedelaysofBooleanrandomvariablesTime-to-height/digital-convertorBunchingofthermalClassicalsourcesasMercurylampexhibitphotonAnti-bunching/sub-PoissonianDiscoveryofanti-Firstdiscoveredwithatomicfluorescencein1977Firstsub-Poissonianlightin1983Hong-Ou-MandeltypeTwophotoninterference[18],OthersourcesSingleion[17]CavityQEDSinglemolecularfluorescence[22],Quantumdot[24],

Mixedcoherentstate[26]Trappedtwo-levelatom[27] orderdegreeoftypicallightSqueezedThermalFockg211sinh2cosh2e2icos22sinh2e2i22cos2cotheicos22sinh211 n ng211{2[1cosh2sinh2cos2 2 211 n n}DependsonInterestingrecentprogress&TransitionofbunchingpropertyTransitionofPoissonianstatisticsHigherorder/multi-partitecorrelation[31],ReferencesLMandelEWolf,Opticalcoherenceandquantumoptics=光學(xué)相干性和量子光學(xué)CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,1995,世界圖書出版公司，北京，2001.M.O.Scully,M.S.Zubairy,Quantumoptics=量子光學(xué)CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,1997.世界圖D.N.Grimes,Measurementofthesecond-orderdegreeofcoherencebymeansofawavefrontshearinginterferometer,Appl.Opt.10,1567(1971).W.A.T.Nogueria,S.P.Walborn,S.Padua,andC.H.Monken,Experimentalobservationofspatialantibunchingofphotons,Phys.Rev.Lett.86,4009(2001).R.H.Brown,R.Q.Twiss,Correlationbetweenphotonsintwocoherentbeamsoflight,Nature,177,27B.L.Morgan,L.Mandel,Measurementofphotonbunchinginathermallightbeam,Phys.Rev.Lett.16,1012D.B.Scarl,Measurementofphotontime-of-arrivaldistributioninpartiallycoherentlight,Phys.Rev.Lett.17,663(1966).D.Stoler,Photonantibunchingandpossiblewaystoobserveit,Phys.Rev.Lett.33,1397H.J.Carmichael,D.F.Walls,Aquantum-mechenicalmasterequationtreatmentofthedynamicalStarkeffect,J.Phys.B:At.Mol.Phys.9,1199(1976).H.J.Kimble,L.Mandel,Theoryofresonancefluorescence,Phys.Rev.A,13,2123H.Paul,Photonanti-bunching,Rev.Mod.Phys.54,1061H.J.Kimble,M.Dagenais,L.Mandel,Photonantibunchinginresonancefluorescence,Phys.Rev.Lett.39,691R.Short,L.Mandel,Observationofsub-Poissonianphotonstatistics,Phys.Rev.Lett.51,384R.Ghosh,L.Mandel,Observationofnonclassicaleffectsintheinterferenceoftwophotons,Phys.Rev.Lett.59,ReferencesZ.Y.Ou,L.Mandel,Furtherevidenceofnonclassicalbehaviorinopticalinterference,Phys.Rev.Lett.62,2941M.Koashi,K.Kono,T.Hirano,M.Matsuoka,Photonantibunchinginpulsedsqueezedlightgeneratedviaparametricamplification,Phys.Rev.Lett.71,1164(1993).S.L.Mielke,G.T.Foster,L.A.Orozco,NonclassicalintensitycorrelationsincavityQED,Phys.Rev.Lett.80,3948(1998).L.Fleury,Nonclassicalphotonstatisticsinsingle-moleculefluorescenceatroomtemperature,Phys.Rev.Lett.84,1148(2000).B.Lounis,W.E.Moerner,Singlephotonsondemandfromasinglemoleculeatroomtemperature,Nature,407,491(2000).P.Michler,et.al.Quantumcorrelationamongphotonsfromasinglequantumdotatroomtemperature,406,968C.Santori,et.al.Indistinguishablephotonsfromasingle-photondevice,Nature,419,594Y.J.Lu,Z.Y.Ou,Observationofnon-classicalphotonstatisticsduetoquantuminterference,Phys.Rev.Lett.88,023601(2002).B.Darquie,et.al.Controlledsingle-photonemissionfromasingletrappedtwo-levelatom,Science,309,454N.B.Grosse,T.Symul,M.Stobinska,T.C.Ralph,andP.K.Lam,Measuringphotonantibunchingfromcontinuousvariablesidebandsqueezing,Phys.Rev.Lett.98,153603(2007).M.He