PET基礎(chǔ)講義總復(fù)習(xí)

PET基礎(chǔ)講義總復(fù)習(xí)ForPeterPET基礎(chǔ)講義第十九講 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（學(xué)生版）如，Thereisabirdinthetree.acrossvs.crossacross是介詞，cross是動(dòng)詞goacrosstheroad=crosstheroad,千萬(wàn)不能寫成gocrosstheroad,這樣就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的情況acrossvs.throughacross和through都是介詞,across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過(guò)，through強(qiáng)調(diào)從立體空間中穿過(guò)。如，gothroughtheforest穿過(guò)森林;goacrossthestreet穿過(guò)大街。in,on,by表交通工具bycar/bus/bike/air/planeonabus/onhisbikeinacar/inmyfather'scarin,with,by表方式in主要表示“用語(yǔ)言、聲音、原材料等“；如，inEnglish,inalowvoice,writeininkwith表示“用具體有形的東西”；如，writewithapenby表示“用..???.手段或方式”，后常接動(dòng)名詞。介詞+動(dòng)詞ing的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中介詞和后面名詞性的成份構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，如果介詞后面要加表示動(dòng)作的詞，必須變成ing形式，動(dòng)名詞做介詞賓語(yǔ)，?？级陶Z(yǔ)如下：begoodat=dowellin如：Vmgoodatplayingfootball.我擅長(zhǎng)踢足球。How/Whatabout...?如：Howaboutplayingfootball?一起踢球怎么樣？in+顏色/衣服：穿著???衣服的人(thegirlinred/inablueskirt)with+具體名詞：有著…(anoldladywithglasses/agirlwithshorthair)其他常見固定搭配：inthesun在太陽(yáng)下 onduty值班、值日begood/badfor對(duì)…好/不好 befamousfor因而出名( )l.Thepondwasfilledwaterarainynight.A.of,inB.with,atC.with,onD.to,in( )2.-WhendidPeterleaveShanghai?-HelefttheeveningofOctober15.A.inB.atC.onD.till( )3.—WhereisShanghai?—ItistheeastofChina.A.in B.to C.on D.at( )4.Asweknow,JapanistheeastofChina.A.onB.to C.in D.at( )5.Whenhearrivedthestation,thetrainhadleft.A.atB.toC./D.in( )6.Heputupamapthebackwallbackwallbecausetherewasahole it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at( )7.Therearesomebirdssingingthetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from( )8.Theriverrunsthecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from)9.HeswimstheriverandtheytheroadattheA.across;cross;crossingB.cross;across;crossingC.crossing;cross;acrossD.crossing;across;cross)10.-Howdidyoucomehere?—mybike.A.onB.byC.inD.from)11.HeispaintingaChinesebrush.A.withB.inC.byD.from)12."Jackisathieftheboysaidalowvoice.A.inB.byC.withD.from)13.Miss.Zhuisaladyakindfaceandbigbrighteyes.A.ofB.withC.inD.from)14.Thegirlareddressismyfriend'sdaughterA.atB.inC.putsonD.wears)15.HeoftenEnglishafterhishomeworkonweekends.A.study;finishB.studied;finishedC.studies;finishingD.studying;finishing情態(tài)動(dòng)詞&動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)&動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài).關(guān)于must提問(wèn)：如：MustI?肯定回答：Yes,youmust/haveto.否定回答：No,youneedn't/don'thaveto.（注意:否定回答不用mus不t,mustn't意思為"禁止;不允許"）.關(guān)于may提問(wèn)：如：MayI?肯定回答：Yes,youmay/please.否定回答：No,youmustn't.（注意:否定回答不用maynot）.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)：canbe：表示事件可能發(fā)生，can戈be：表示一定不會(huì)發(fā)生，不可能會(huì)發(fā)生；mustbe：表示事件一定會(huì)發(fā)生，注意一定不會(huì)發(fā)生不用mustnt而用can3；maybe：表示可能是。.hadbetter：最好hadbetter也屬于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只有一種形式，其中的had并非過(guò)去式，hadbetter后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。（注意其縮寫形式Mbetter）肯定形式：hadbetterdosth.否定形式：hadbetternotdosth.)1.Petercomewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.canC.mayD.will)2.—MustIstayathome,Mum?—No,you.A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.don'tD.maynot)3.—Howlongthebookbekept?-Fortwoweeks,butyoureturnitontime.A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need)4.Youbelate.A.hadnetterB.hadbetternotC.hadbetterdon'tD.hadnotbetter)5—MayIstophere?一No,you.A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.won't)6.—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?—No,itbehim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't)7.—Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?—Sure,butyouhelpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could)8.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.—Ittruebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maybenotB.won'tbeC.couldn'tbeD.mustn'tbe)9.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthenot.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may)10.Youyourtoothpulledoutbeforeitrotcompletely.A.hadbettergotB.hadtogetbetterC.hadbettertogetD.hadbetterget感嘆句&陳述句.以what開頭的感嘆句What在感嘆句中修飾名詞，以它開頭的感嘆句主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)類型：uWhata(n)+形容詞+單形可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))如，Whatanimportantjobitis!那是多么重要的工作呀！"What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))如,Whatsweetmusicitis!多么美妙的音樂(lè)?。　癢hat+形容詞+復(fù)形可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))如，Whatdeliciousmooncakestheyare!多好吃的月餅啊！.以how開頭的感嘆句以how開頭的感嘆句有以下幾種常見結(jié)構(gòu)類型：“How+形容詞(或副詞)(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))^0,Howbluetheskyis!天空多藍(lán)啊！Howquicklyyouwalk!你走得多快呀!“How+形容詞+a(n)+單形可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))如，Howcleverastudentyouare!你是多聰明的一個(gè)學(xué)生??！一、單選題( )1.niceweathertodayis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )2.goodtimewehad!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa( )3.beautifulandquietislanditis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata( )4.thetimepassed!A.HowquickB.HowquicklyC.WhatquickD.Whatquickly( )5.cleverboyTomis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata二、完成句子.bookitis!這本書多么有趣?。?sunnyitis!天氣多晴朗??！.workitis!多艱辛的工作啊！.Andy!安迪學(xué)習(xí)多刻苦?。?thegirlsaresinging!這些女孩唱歌多好聽??！時(shí)態(tài)&賓語(yǔ)從句&定語(yǔ)從句&狀語(yǔ)從句Tilletyouknowhecomesback.A.beforeB.becauseC.assoonasD.althoughShewillsingasongsheisasked.A.ifB.unlessC.forD.sinceWewillworkweareneeded.A.wheneverB.becauseC.sinceD.whereverReaditaloudtheclasscanhearyou.A.sothatB.ifC.whenD.althoughyougo,don'tforgetyourpeople.A.WheneverB.HoweverC.WhereverD.WhicheverHehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.underwhichD.whichWearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,mygrandparentsandsomerelativeslive.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whereIsthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneThosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearnDoyoulikethebookshespent50Yuan?A.whichB.thatC.onwhichD./寫作題：描述一個(gè)你最喜歡的餐廳。要求：100詞。使用定語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句還有狀語(yǔ)從句。知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析,知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳析,名詞.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律:如詞尾為-f或-fe,則一般變?yōu)?ves,如leaf-leaves;half-halves;.常見的不可數(shù)名詞：paper,news,bread,money,advice,work等，不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量可以和some,any,little,alittle,much,alotof等修飾詞,或apieceof,apoundof,acupof,acopyof等量詞連用。注：判斷單復(fù)數(shù)，有量詞由量詞決定，無(wú)量詞由名詞決定。.共同擁有某物，則只在后一個(gè)名詞后加飛”。如：XiaoLiandXiaoZhangfsroom.分別擁有的東西，則應(yīng)在兩者后面都加飛”。如：XiaoLi9sandXiaoZhang!srooms..雙重所有格：公式為：a,an,this,that+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格。如：afriendofmine我朋友中的一個(gè).合成名詞：只將其主體詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：girlstudent—girlstudents pencil-box—pencil-boxes由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，全都變成復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-mendoctors womanteacher-womenteachers.某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)變化：中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面。重點(diǎn)注意德國(guó)人。如:Germans.集體名詞表示整體是單數(shù)意義，表示個(gè)體是復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：Myfamilyisabig.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.注意：families表示“多個(gè)家庭”.名詞所有格中，在表示時(shí)間、距離以及其他習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中，則需用「s）或。）表示所有格，如：三分鐘的步行路程：tenminutes'walk等。注意：所有格和復(fù)合形容詞的區(qū)別：如：七天的假期：sevendays，holiday/aseven-dayholiday)l.Wedon'thavetodotoday.A.alothomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.lotsofhomeworkD.muchhomeworks)2,Thereareplentyofworkinginourschool.A.womanteacher B.womenteachersC.womenteacher D.womanteachers)3.Theteacheristalkingtomothersoutsidetheclassroom.A.TomandJerry'sB.Tom'sandJerry'sC.Tom'sandJerryD.TomandJerry( )4.TomSmithisanclosefriendof.A.John'smother'sB.John'smotherC.Johnmother'sD.mother'sofJohn( )5.1fsmorethanfromShijiazhuangtoBeijing.A.threehours'driveB.threehour'sdriveC.threehours5drivesD.threehoursdrive( )6.Look!ThereisaGermancaroverthere.Therearefourinit.A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanD.Germany( )7.Inautumn,manyturnyellow.A.leavesB.leafsC.leafD.leafes( )8.Therearemanyclassesinourschool,butnowonlyClassFourhavingclass.A.isB.areC.wasD.were( )9.—Howoldisthegirl?—Sheisagirl.A.10yearsoldB.1O-year-oldC.10year'soldD.10years5old( )10.Let'sflythefbrfun!A.papersplanesB.paperplanesC.paper'splanesD.papersplane代詞.反身代詞：helpyourself/yourselves（tosth）隨便吃enjoyoneself過(guò)得開心.how家族：howlong多長(zhǎng)，對(duì)時(shí)間和長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行提問(wèn)howsoon多久之后，對(duì)將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)howoften多久一次，對(duì)頻率進(jìn)行提問(wèn)howfar—多遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)距離進(jìn)行提問(wèn).other家族：other泛指別的，后面必須接名詞。others泛指別的，后面不能加名詞，常用句式:some...,others...,others...otheother兩者中的另一個(gè)，常用句式：one...theother...區(qū)另U于another：三者中另一個(gè)theothers指剩余的全部，只能指可數(shù)名詞，指不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)用therest。常用句式：some...theothers....不定代詞：both兩者都all所有的，全部（三者）either兩者中任何一1個(gè) any任何一個(gè)（三者）neither兩者都不 none都不（三者）注意句型:neither nor……或either or……謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用就近原則。.不定代詞：可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞含義fewlittle 否定含義，沒(méi)有多少了afewalittle肯定含義，還有一點(diǎn).some,any區(qū)別some一些，可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。(1)在肯定句中用someo⑵some肯定疑問(wèn)句中：說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。any一些any多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。.it,one區(qū)別it指代前文中提到過(guò)的那一個(gè)事物。one指代上文提到過(guò)的同類事物中的一個(gè)，但不是上文提到的那一個(gè)事物。如果指同類事物中的一些，要用。nes。.復(fù)合不定代詞：something,everyone等(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，單數(shù)意義(2)復(fù)合不定代詞被定語(yǔ)所修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)必須放在它的后面。( )l.Ourteacherhastotellustoday.A.somethingusefulB.usefulsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing( )2.Thiscakeisdelicious!CanIhavepiece,please?A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother( )3.Onsideoftheriverthere9remanytallbuildings.A.everyB.allC.bothD.either( )4.Thereisbreadinmybridge,canyougoandbuybread?A.little,fewB.alittle,afewC.little,alittleD.few,afew( )5.Thisboxistooheavy.Couldyougivemehelp?A.anyB.manyC.someD.lotof( )6.-CanIborrowyourbike?-Sorry,Iwilluseinaminute.YoucanborrowfromTom.A.one,oneB.one,itC.it,oneD.it,it( )7.Mymothercookedtwokindsoffishes.Helptosomefish,boys.A.yourselfB.yourselfsC.youselvesD.yourselves( )8.Harryistallerthanboyinhisclass.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.anyother( )9.Theresomethingwrongwithmycomputeryesterday,couldyouhelpmefixit?A.arcB.wasC.isD.were( )10.—haveyoulivedinGuangzhou?—Fifteenyears.A.HowfarB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howoften形容詞&副詞.易錯(cuò)副詞形容詞副詞備注hardhardhard副詞容易寫成hardly,hardly意思為"幾乎不"，與hard無(wú)任何關(guān)系friendly無(wú)不能用friendly直接修飾動(dòng)詞，只能改成inafriendlyway”用一種友好的方式如:Hesmiledatmeinafriendlyway.excitedexcitedly 容易拼錯(cuò)healthyhealthily容易拼錯(cuò)politepolitely不用去掉字母e。類似的詞還有:widely,nicely,closely,.形容詞原級(jí)的用法：表示“和??????一樣”A+be+(not)+as/so+形容詞的原級(jí)+as+B；.形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：雙方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用”比較級(jí)十than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用”less十原級(jí)十than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示.越…，越…”The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)，如：Themore,thebetter越多越好；Themoreyoulearn,thebetteryouwillbe.你學(xué)得越多，你就會(huì)棒?！霸絹?lái)越…”比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)或moreandmore+原級(jí)如：hotterandhotter越來(lái)越熱moreandmorebeautiful越來(lái)越漂亮Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.天氣越來(lái)越熱了。.形容詞-ed形式與-ing形式的區(qū)別：-ed是形容人的，強(qiáng)調(diào)感覺(jué)，“感到…\-ing是形容物的，“令人…如：Iamveryexcitedabouttheexcitingnews..形容詞的位置形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后o如：Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?.enough的用法：修飾名詞enough放前，后均可，通常放前：比如enoughmoney,enoughtime修飾形容詞副詞，enough放后面：比如：goodenoughhappyenough.比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語(yǔ)用于原級(jí)之前：too,just,quite,so,very,rather,fairly,etc.如,Theboxisveryheavy.注：muchtoo與toomuch區(qū)另1Jmuchtoo后加形容詞。toomuch后加不可數(shù)名詞。如：muchtoonoisytoomuchnoise.用于比較級(jí)前：alot,much,far,abit,alittle,even,still,etc.如，It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear..too...to….(+動(dòng)詞原形)太而不能so…that…(+句子)如此以至于如,Heistootiredtowork.=Heissotiredthathecan'twork.( )1.Myparentswillgotherebytaxibecauseitisraining.A.badlyB.hardlyC.probablyD.heavily( )2.Theyoueat,thebetteryourhealthwillbe.A.littleB.fewC.lessD.fewer( )3.Theyhavejustcleanedthewindows,sotheroomlooks.A.morebrighterB.morebrightC.lessbrightD.muchbrighter( )4.Whichisthe,thetrainstation,thebusstationortheairport?A.farB.farthestC.fatherD.morefar( )5.Nowtheairinourhometownisthanitwasbefore.Somethingmustbedone.A.muchbetterB.moreworseC.morebetterD.muchworse( )6.Eitherofthemcantakethisjob,butwhatI'minterestediniswhoisA.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.carefulD.evencareful( )7.OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashaisone.Ithinkyoucanfindhereasily.A.tallestB.thetallerC.tallerD.thetallest( )8.—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?—Certainly,wecanbuyonethanthis,butthis.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;notasgoodas( )9.Nanjingisbeautifulacitylotsofvisitorscometovisiteveryyear.A.so...thatB.enough...toC.such...that D.too...to( )lO.TheChangjiangRiverisoneofriversintheworld.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest( )11.childrenthereareinafamily,theirlifewillbe.A.Theless;thebetterB.Thefewer;thebetterC.Fewer;richerD.More;poorer( )12.Theboyisyoungtocarrythebox.Let'sgoandhelphim.A.tooB.soC.veryD.quite( )13.Whynotmakeakiteyourself?Youdon'tneedfbrit.A.anythingspecialB.somethingspecialC.specialanythingD.specialsomething( )14.Don'tworry,sir.TmsureIcanruntocatchupwiththem.A.slowlyenoughB.enoughslowlyC.fastenoughD.enoughfast( )15.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch冠詞1.a用在以輔音音標(biāo)開頭的詞前,an用在以元音音標(biāo)開頭的詞前。特別注意：26個(gè)字母中，用an的字母有“Oh,Mr.Lenisafox.”如，Thereisan“h"onthebag.用a的例子，aEuropeancountry,auniversity/usefulbook/uniform,aone-year-oldchild用an的例子，anhour/honor/honestboy.定冠詞用法(1)樂(lè)器、復(fù)姓、年代、山河、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：playthepinion彈鋼琴；theGreens格林一家人；inthe1980s在二十世紀(jì)八十年代；thePearlRiver珠江；theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城。(2)序數(shù)詞、形容詞表一類人，形副最高級(jí)前。如：thefirst第一;theold老人;thebest最好。.零冠詞的用法在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞；如：WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.在學(xué)科、三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞；如：havebreakfast,playchess當(dāng)by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無(wú)冠詞；如：bybus,bytrain。( )1.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.Youhavedroppedhere.A.anB.theC./D.a( )2.HeisgoingtoLondonbysea.A.theB.aC.oneD./( )3.Fvebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoandhalfyears.A.aB.anC.theD./( )4.BillisEnglishteacher.Helikesplayingfootball.A.a;theB.an;theC.a;/D.an;/( )5.DoesTomoftenplayfootballafterschool?A./;/B./;theC.the;/D.a;/( )6.Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogetthereby bus.A.an;/B.an;aC.a;/D./;/( )7.oldwerehavingdinnertogetherwhenthetelephonerang.A.AB.AnC.TheD./( )8.Look!There'sfootballundertheteacher9sdesk.Let'splay football,ok?A./;/B.a;/C.a;theD.a;a)9.Whatinterestinggameitis!Letmehavetry,OK?A.an;aB.a;anC./;aD.an;/)lO.TheoldmansaidhesawUFOintheskytheotherday.A.aB.anC.theD./數(shù)詞.常錯(cuò)拼寫：fourth第四；fifth第五；ninth第九;twelfth第十二；forty四十;.“the+數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表時(shí)間，年代：如,inthe1980s在20世紀(jì)80年代“one's+數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示“在某人??????歲時(shí)”：如，inhisseventies在他70多歲的時(shí)候；inTom'searlythirties在Tom30歲出頭的時(shí)候.hundred,thousand,million,billion與具體數(shù)詞連用時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式：如，fivehundredpeople500人；twothousandbooks2000本書與。f連用時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但前面不能再加數(shù)詞：如，hundredsofpeople成百上千的人；thousandsoffactories成千上萬(wàn)的工廠.用基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞共同表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)，基數(shù)詞表示分子，序數(shù)詞表示分母，當(dāng)分子大于1,分母要用復(fù)數(shù)：如，onethird三分之一；twothirds三分之二；a/onequarter四分之一；threeandonefourth三又四分之一.年份的讀法：1949讀作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine;1800讀作eighteenhundred;1902讀作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo.加減乘除：力口：2+3=5Twoplusthreeisfive./Twoandthreeequalsfive.減：10-6=4Tenminussixisfour.乘：3X4=12Threetimesfouristwelve.除：16:4=4Sixteendividedbyfourequalsfour..1.5<1、時(shí)的表達(dá)法：oneandahalfhours/anhourandahalf/onepointfivehours.編號(hào)的表達(dá)方式：名詞+基數(shù)詞：如，Room302302房間；Lesson5第五課the+序數(shù)詞+名詞：如，thetenthlesson第十課；thesecondline第二行( )1.TommylivesonthefloorwhileJackylivesonthefloor.A.fiveth,ninethB.fifth,ninethC.fifth,ninthD.fiveth,ninth( )2.ItishistimetovisitChina.A.fourthB.theforthC.forthD.thefourth( )3.AboutoftheengineersinmycompanyseemtobeintheirA.second-nines;fourtiesB.two-ninths;fortiesC.second-ninths;fortiethD.