非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講強(qiáng)化

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講強(qiáng)化考點(diǎn)1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)★★★★★1不定式作狀語(yǔ)1原因狀語(yǔ)多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞后。2目的狀語(yǔ)可與soasto/inorderto替換,但soasto一般不可置于句首。3結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示意想不到的結(jié)果,常用onlytodo。核心考點(diǎn)突破*Iwassatisfiedtohearthenews原因狀語(yǔ)*Tocatchthefirstbus,hegotupveryearly目的狀語(yǔ)*Irushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)【點(diǎn)津】熟記不定式表結(jié)果的固定結(jié)構(gòu):only/justto;tooto;so/suchasto;enoughforsbto2分詞作狀語(yǔ)1v-ing形式:現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且含有進(jìn)行之意。2v-ed形式:a過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等。過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且含有完成之意。b源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示句子主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,其前不用being,常見(jiàn)的有:seated坐著的、hidden躲著、devoted專注的、lost/absorbedin沉溺于、bornin出身于、dressedin穿著、tiredof厭煩了等。*Notnowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere*Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter*Absorbedinreading,wealldidn’thearthesound*Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired【點(diǎn)津】①把握分詞與句子邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系,區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞;②不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為主觀上意想不到的結(jié)果,現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)為客觀上順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果;③準(zhǔn)確理解形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法;④現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式havingdone表示分詞的動(dòng)作和句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作先于句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。3有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見(jiàn)的有:generallysing假使;given考慮到,鑒于;providedthat如果;concerning關(guān)于4獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同,它獨(dú)立存在;②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系;③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。2獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:①名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞;②名詞/代詞形容詞;③名詞/代詞副詞;④名詞/代詞不定式;⑤名詞/代詞介詞短語(yǔ)。*Thetestfinished=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday*Theitting=Ifweatherits,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空2015·全國(guó)卷ⅡThewallsarenowcoldenoughcoolthehouseduringthehotday解題關(guān)鍵:固定搭配enoughtodosth表示“足以做某事”,todo作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。答案判定:tocool【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子/單句改錯(cuò)12015·陜西高考Imighthavetoretireagainnetyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits改錯(cuò)___________just后添加to22015·四川高考Afewmonthslater,while______eat,shewouldeventurnherbactome32015·福建高考SeveralyearsagoIreceivedaletterfromseventeen-year-olderry,whodescribedherselfasaworld-classfault-finder,almostalways________botherbythingseatingbothered42014·湖南高考_______freeourselvesfromtheentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietnessTofree考點(diǎn)2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)★★★★定語(yǔ)形式功能現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的行為或者正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中過(guò)去分詞done表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone表示將要被做的動(dòng)作*Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthandiscussedatlastmeetingwasofgreatimatterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimtobediscussedatthenetmeetingisofgreatimportance【點(diǎn)津】①準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系;②準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生?！镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空2015·全國(guó)卷ⅠAstudyoftravelers_________conductbythewebsiteTriesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld解題關(guān)鍵:句意:網(wǎng)站TripAdvisor進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)對(duì)于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽(yáng)朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故此處應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞study。答案判定:conducted【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空12015·全國(guó)卷ⅠItarrangesquicgetawayshereforericanSouthwestareadmiredlivingbuilt32015·全國(guó)卷ⅠItcarriesarticles_______writebyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries42015·重慶高考Ilearnedthroughanotherwoman’seyesthatmydaughterwasstillagoodpersondespiteher________troubleteenageyearswrittentroubled考點(diǎn)3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)★★★1“五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)”的感官動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)see,watch,observe,notice,looat,hear,listento,feel等后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式do/doing/done。do表主動(dòng)和完成被動(dòng)句中to還原,doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行,done表被動(dòng)或完成。*Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver2熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞let,mae,have,get,leave,eeoftheirfearanddislieofboos,andtogetthemtoreadoftener3固定短語(yǔ),如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsbtodosth等。*Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood4with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式:*Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworfinished,hegladlyaccestosettle,thenewlyelectede*Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空2015·天津高考He’dseenus_________sitbythelaeallthosetimes解題關(guān)鍵:根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息詞allthosetimes可知強(qiáng)調(diào)“一直坐在湖邊”,故用固定結(jié)構(gòu)seesbdoingsth意為“看到某人一直做某事”,符合語(yǔ)境。答案判定:sitting【高考題組】單句改錯(cuò)12015·浙江高考ThewithitsviewmademefeltlieIwasdreaming__________felt改為feel22015·北京高考Theloudmusicfilledtheroomandmadethemtofeelveryhaeoutofbed”_______________to刪掉play改為playing42015·四川高考Thegroundhogstilldidn’thaveawithmescratchherbac,andIgotanidea____________________scratch改為scratching考點(diǎn)4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)★★★非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作賓語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式:1只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ):suggest,imagine,mind,admit,iss,insiston,looforwardto,feellie,getdownto,objectto等。*Iadmitbreaingthewindow*It’squitehottodayDoyoufeelliegoingforaswim今天很熱,你想去游泳嗎2只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ):wish,hoingatall3既可用動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ):remember,forget,regret,stop,goon,need,start,begin,try等。*Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed*IrememberreadingabouttheearthquaeinthenewsportanttolearnEnglishwell【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空2015·北京高考Lightcanpassthroughwithout_________bend解題關(guān)鍵:without是介詞,其后面接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),即-ing形式。答案判定:bending【高考題組】單句改錯(cuò)12015·四川高考IreallywantsharewithyousomeofthesIhavebeeneperiencing____________want后添加to22015·四川高考We’vebeensesinginaraoebars____________32015·全國(guó)卷ⅡAfterloosatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaround_____________sing→singingloos→looing考點(diǎn)5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或其他★★1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式。1動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。2it作形式主語(yǔ),代替真正作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)句型有:Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth;Itis/wasnotanyuse/gooddoingsth;Itis/wasoflittleuse/gooddoingsth;Itis/wasuselessdoing;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth等。【點(diǎn)津】在語(yǔ)篇中,注意所填空前是否有it,并進(jìn)一步判定是不是形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)it,從而快速判定所填空是否要用todo或doing的相應(yīng)形式。2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能作表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“令人感到……的”,而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“本身感到……的”。*Thenewswasecitingandwewereecitedthewholenight3固定句式do/have/其他動(dòng)詞sthbuttodosth中的不定式用法。此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,but后則無(wú)to,