過(guò)去分詞學(xué)案

B7Module5Grammar過(guò)去分詞I.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)[例句展示]仔細(xì)觀測(cè)下列句子中的過(guò)去分詞的使用方法。1.Therecoveredanimalswillbereleasedsoon.2.Weneededmuchmorequalifiedworkers.3.Papercutsusedforreligiouspurposesareoftenfoundintemples.4.Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents.5.Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.[自我歸納]1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，表達(dá)的動(dòng)作在__________之前發(fā)生，已經(jīng)完畢并具有________意義（見(jiàn)句1）。此時(shí)，作定語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞一般是由__________動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的，由于只有此類動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)意義。2.單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞______（見(jiàn)句1、句2）。______作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾的名詞背面，作后置定語(yǔ)，表達(dá)被動(dòng)或完畢，其作用相稱于一種_______（見(jiàn)句3、句4、句5）。[拓展]1.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞也可作定語(yǔ)，一般作前置定語(yǔ)，不表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完畢。如：fallenleaves落葉；retiredworkers______________；therisensun____________。2.假如被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those或these等時(shí)，雖然是單一的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，也要放在被修飾詞的背面。如：ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.3.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)還可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，相稱于一種非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，前后用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.[辨析]過(guò)去分詞與動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)與所修飾的名詞之間是_________關(guān)系，表達(dá)動(dòng)作____________；而過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，則表達(dá)________或________意義。如：1.Lookatthatrunningdog.2.Whoisthegirlwritingaletterthere?3.ThebookwrittenbyLunXunisverypopular.II.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)[例句展示]仔細(xì)觀測(cè)下列句子中的過(guò)去分詞的使用方法。1.Thestreetislinedwithsmallshops.2.Tomwasastonishedtoseehisfather.[自我歸納]過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成____________構(gòu)造，表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特性和_______。(一)用合適形式填空。1.Theanimalandplantsthattheyfoundtherewere(astonish)2.Iwas(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchildhadbeenfound.3.Thenewsmadeus(disappoint)4.ThemotherwenttovisitEinstein.(puzzle)5.Thefiercelionlooks(frighten).Keepawayfromitscageoritwillattackyou.(二)單項(xiàng)選擇。1.TheEmperor’sNewClothesisan______text.Allofusare______aboutit.A.exciting;exciting B.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;excited2.—I’mvery______withthedishIcooked.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm.Itdoeshavea______smell.A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant3.Ihavereadplentyofbooks______byLuXun.A.written B.wroteC.writes D.writing4.Lilyseemsverymuchinthemagazine,butIthinkit’stooexpensive.A.interestedB.interestingC.tointerestD.tobeinteresting5.Allthepassengersshouldremainwhentheplaneismakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.tobeseatingD.seated6.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay8.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?—Thekey_____theproblemistomeetthedemand_____bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made9._______Englishisdifferentfrom______Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken;writtenB.Speaking;writtenC.Spoken;writingD.Speak;write10.Thewoman________thereunderthetree,_______inablueshirt,isourheadmaster.A.sitting;wearingB.sitting;dressedC.seating;dressedD.seated;dressing11.Sandy,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchanged.B.getchange.C.getchanging.D.gettochange.12.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby13.MrSmith,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring14.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowers____byhermother.A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought15.---Awomanwaskilled.---Whereisthebodyofthe______woman?A.murderB.murderedC.murderingD.havingmurdered16.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpected17.You’llfindtheword"psychology"_______under"P"inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listingIII.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)目前分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)(即積極關(guān)系);過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),被補(bǔ)足的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)(即被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。e.g.Iheardsomeonecallingme.Iheardmynamecalled.鞏固練習(xí)1._______(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.2.Theproblem________(在會(huì)議上討論的)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.3.Hebecame____(興奮)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.4.Iam______(感愛(ài)好)inthestory.5.Ihaven’tgotthefilm________(沖洗)yet.6.Doyouknowtheman_______(站)besidethedoor?改錯(cuò)：7.Abreakingcupislyingonthefloor.8.Themeetingholdsyesterdaywasveryimportant.9.WhenIenteredtheroom.IfoundMaryseatingbesidemymother.10.Whentheywokeup,theyfoundtheworldoutsidecompletelychanging.選擇：11.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome____.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted12.Youcanmakeyourself___inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandBunderstandingC.tounderstandD.understood13.Hetriedto_______inJapanese.A.understandhimselfB.makehimselfunderstandingC.makehimselfunderstoodD.maketounderstand14.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey___theproblemistomeetthedemand__bythecustomers.A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made15.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit___oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained16.Heglancedoverather,___thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.havingnotedB.notedC.tonoteD.noting17._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing18.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto____beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange19.Thediscdigitally____inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded20.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltIV.過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)可表達(dá)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨等意義。這種過(guò)去分詞狀語(yǔ)相稱于于一種時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句,若過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),句子的主語(yǔ)與分詞所示的動(dòng)作構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即是該分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。1.過(guò)去分詞作____狀語(yǔ)Greatlymovedbythefilm,theyallcried.Surroundedbyagroupofyoungpeople,theoldmanfelthappy.2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表達(dá)_____狀況或方式。Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.Hewalkedupanddowntheroom,lostinthought.Filledwithextraordinarystrength,heraisedhimself.3.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),還可以表達(dá):Givenmuchtime,wecoulddoitbetter.（_____）Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowater.（_____）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)與目前分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別在于:過(guò)去分詞與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,而目前分詞與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。W:Seeinginthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose.R:Seeninthislight,thematterisnotasseriousaspeoplegenerallysuppose練習(xí)：1.___inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.If___thesametreatmentagain,he’ssuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven3.__in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding4._____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared5.___time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given6.___inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed7.Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited8.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted9.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun10.____forhisexpertadvice,Holmeswasabletohelpagreatnumberofpeoplewiththeirpersonalaffairs.A.HewasknownB.WellknownC.HavingknownD.Beenknown用括號(hào)中所給詞的合適形式填空。1.Theteachbuildings_____(build)in1960needrepairing.2.Ifoundmyschoolbag____(leave)inMary’sroom.3._______(give)moretime,I’llfinishmyworkontime.4.Comparedwith_________(develop)countries,westillhavealongwaytogo.5.TheEnglishteacherenteredtheroom,_________(follow)byhisstudents.單項(xiàng)選擇：(

)1._______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.(90’全國(guó))

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven.

(

)2.Thecomputercenter,________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.

A.open

B.opening