人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及語(yǔ)法講義（學(xué)生版）

八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit2知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.家務(wù)勞動(dòng)2.（國(guó)際）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)3.節(jié)目4.無用的東西5.咖啡6.健康7.結(jié)果；后果8.百分之……9.電視機(jī)10.頭腦；心智11.身體12.作者；作家13.牙科醫(yī)生14.雜志；期刊動(dòng)詞：1.消失；死亡；滅亡代詞：1.沒有一個(gè)；毫無副詞：1.幾乎不；幾乎沒有2.在任何時(shí)候；從來；曾經(jīng)3.一次；曾經(jīng)4.兩次；兩倍5.大概；或許；可能6.在一起；共同7.然而；不過8.幾乎；差不多介詞：1.以；憑借；穿過連詞：1.雖然；盡管；即使形容詞：1.忙的；滿的；充滿的兼類詞：1.（n）擺動(dòng)；秋千（v）使……擺動(dòng)；搖擺2.（adv）最??；最少（adj/pron）最小的；最少的3.（adj/adv）在線（的）；聯(lián)網(wǎng)（的）4.（adj/pron）這樣的；那樣的；類似的5.（prep/conj）（用以引出比較的第二部分）比6.（adv）較少；較小（adj/pron）較少的；更少的7.（n）得分；點(diǎn)（v）指；指向(二)詞匯變形小結(jié)：1.one(num.一)—(adv.一次)—(第一)2.two(num.二)—(adv.兩次）—(第二）3.swing(v.使……擺動(dòng))—(過去式)4.little(adj.少的)—(比較級(jí)：更少的)—(最高級(jí)：最少的)5.health(n.健康)—(adj.健康的)—(adv.健康地)—(反義詞：不健康的)—(反義詞：不健康地)6.die(v.死)—(n.死亡)—(adj.垂死的)—(adj.死的)7.write(v.寫)—(n.作者；作家)【練一練】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Mostparentsdon’tthinkitis______________（health）forchildrentostayuptoolateatnight.LaoSheisagreat______________（write）andhe’sespeciallyfamousforhisplay,Teahouse.Ifpeopledon’texercise,theillnesscangointotheir______________(body)easily.Ittakes______________（little）timetogotherebyundergroundthanbybus.Jimgotten______________(point)inthebasketballmatch.Takethemedicine______________(two)aday,andyou’llfeelbetter.Jack______________(do)hishomeworkeveryday.Mr.Li______________(teach)Englishinourschoolfiveyearsago.At______________(little)tenstudentswerelateforschoolthismorning.Manyboyslikeplayingfootballbecausetheythinkit’s______________(relax).(三)短語(yǔ)攻關(guān)：在周末 上網(wǎng) 幾乎從不 多久一次 一周一次 一周兩次 一周四到六次 使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)去看電影熬夜 至少 對(duì)……有好處 做運(yùn)動(dòng) 打網(wǎng)球 在某人的空閑時(shí)間 去看牙醫(yī) 搖擺舞做家務(wù) 垃圾食品例如 怎么會(huì)呢？……的答案多于少于知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理1.helpwithhousework幫忙做家務(wù)【用法詳解】helpsbwithsth表示在某方面幫助某人（幫助某人做某事），with后常跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)?！就卣寡由臁恐攸c(diǎn)：=幫助某人做某事【翻譯句子】.她經(jīng)常幫她父母做家務(wù)。2.【易混辨析】sometimes,sometimes,sometime與sometimesometimes頻度副詞有時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，它可位于句首、句中或句末，對(duì)它提問用howoften。sometimes名詞短語(yǔ)幾次；幾倍其中time是可數(shù)名詞，對(duì)它提問用howmanytimes。sometime副詞某個(gè)時(shí)候表示某個(gè)不確切或不具體的時(shí)間，常用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，對(duì)它提問用when。sometime名詞短語(yǔ)一段時(shí)間表示“一段時(shí)間”，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。對(duì)它提問用howlong。Eg.Ilikerice,butsometimesIthinknoodlesareverydelicious,too.我喜歡米飯，但有時(shí)覺得面條也挺好吃。Ihavereadthebooksometimes.It’seducational.我已經(jīng)把這本書讀了幾遍了，它很有教育意義。IwillgotoShanghaisometimenextweek.下周的某個(gè)時(shí)間我要去上海。I’llstayhereforsometime.我將在這兒待一段時(shí)間?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】sometimes，sometimes，sometime與sometime分開一段時(shí)間(sometime)，相聚某個(gè)時(shí)候(sometime)。相連s是有時(shí)(sometimes)，分開s是倍、次(sometimes)?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Tomoftengoestoschoolbybusbut____________hermotherdriveshertoschool.A.sometimes B.sometimes C.sometime D.sometime2.Ihaveeverbeento（去過）Shanghai____________,Ithinkit’sbeautiful.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimesD.sometime3.hardlyever幾乎從不【用法詳解】hardly作副詞，本身表示否定含義，不能再與否定詞連用（注：hardly不是hard的副詞形式）【易混辨析】hardly與hard單詞詞性用法hardly意為“幾乎不”，表示否定含義，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)“hardlyever”hard意為“努力地”，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：努力工作意為“困難的；堅(jiān)硬的”，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：困難的工作【即學(xué)即用】1.Tomstudies,sohefailstheexam.A.hardly;hardlyB.hard;hardlyC.hard;hardD.hardly;hard2.Mydaughterstudies.Shegoestosleepbefore11p.m.A.hard;hardB.hard;hardlyC.hardly;hardlyD.hardly;hard4.onceaweek一周一次【用法詳解】onceaweek是表示頻率的短語(yǔ)，常用來回答howoften的提問。其中once作副詞，意為“一次”。Eg.—Howoftendoyougoshopping?你多久去購(gòu)物一次？【拓展延伸】英語(yǔ)中次數(shù)的表達(dá)法：一次once，兩次twice，三次或三次以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”Eg.三次十次還可意為“自由的；免費(fèi)的”5.…nextweekisquitefullforme,Jack.……我下周相當(dāng)忙，杰克。還可意為“自由的；免費(fèi)的”【用法詳解】（1）full作形容詞，可意為“忙的”，相當(dāng)于busy，其反義詞是“空閑的”。Eg.Herlifeistoofulltofindtimeforhobbies.她的生活太忙碌了，沒有業(yè)余愛好的時(shí)間。（2）full作形容詞，還可意為“滿的；充滿的”，其反義詞是empty“空的”，befullof意為“充滿”。Eg.Lifeisfulloftheunexpected.生活充滿了意料以外的事情。（3）full作形容詞，還可意為“吃飽了的”，其反義詞是hungry“饑餓的”。Eg.Thankyouforyourdeliciouscake,butIamreallyfull.謝謝你美味的蛋糕，但是我真的吃飽了?！緢D解助記】【即學(xué)即用】Lifeis________upsanddowns.Nevergiveup.A.filledof B.fullwith C.fullof D.fillwith6.Oh,Ihavetoplaytenniswithmyfriends.噢，我得跟我的朋友打網(wǎng)球?！居梅ㄔ斀狻浚?）haveto意為“不得不；必須”，后面必須跟動(dòng)詞原形，且haveto有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。含有haveto的句子變否定句或疑問句時(shí)要借助助動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式。Eg.Shehastolookafterherlittlebrother.她不得不照顧她的弟弟。—DoIhavetodothedishesnow?我現(xiàn)在必須洗碗嗎？—Yes,youdo.是的，你現(xiàn)在必須洗。（2）playtennis打網(wǎng)球（play+棋類/球類名詞）重點(diǎn)Eg.打籃球踢足球下國(guó)際象棋play+the+樂器類名詞重點(diǎn)Eg.彈鋼琴?gòu)椉√崆佟炯磳W(xué)即用】Lilypracticesplayingpianoafterschooleveryday.A.aB.anC./D.the7.Igotothemoviesmaybeonceamonth.我可能一個(gè)月去看一次電影?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縨aybe作副詞，意為“也許；大概；可能”【易混辨析】maybe與maybemaybe副詞“大概；也許；可能”，位于句首作狀語(yǔ)Maybesheisadoctor.=Shemaybeadoctor.她可能是一名醫(yī)生。maybemay是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“可能是”，maybe為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”，位于句中作謂語(yǔ)【即學(xué)即用】1.________heisill.Sohe________athomenow.A.Maybe;maybeB.Maybe;maybeC.Maybe;mayD.May;maybe2.—Whosebagisit?—________itisLily's,becauseshesatonthesofajustnow.A.MayB.MaybeC.Maybe D.Wouldbe8.Shesaysit’sgoodformyhealth.她說那對(duì)我的健康有好處。【用法詳解】begoodfor意為“對(duì)……有好處”，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式，其反義短語(yǔ)為bebadfor“對(duì)……有害”【拓展延伸】其他常見的由“begood+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：begoodat后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。相當(dāng)于dowellinbegoodto后面一般接人，相當(dāng)于befriendlytobegoodwith后接sb.或sth.e.g.Heisgoodattellingjokes.他擅長(zhǎng)講笑話。e.g.Ourheadteacherisgoodtoallofus.我們的校長(zhǎng)對(duì)我們都很好。e.g.He’sverygoodwithchildren.他和孩子們相處得好?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Infact,sugarandsaltarenotgoodbabies,oryou.A.with C.to 9.Wefoundthatonlyfifteenpercentofourstudentsexerciseeveryday.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)只有15%的學(xué)生每天鍛煉?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縫ercent作名詞，意為“百分之……”，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如：onepercent百分之一thirtypercent百分之三十【拓展延伸】“基數(shù)詞+percent+ofthe+名詞”意為“百分之……的……”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Twentypercentofthestudents(agree)withyou.百分之二十的學(xué)生贊同你。2.Thirtypercentofthetime(pass).百分之三十的時(shí)間過去了3.Almostfiftypercentofthestudentsinourclass(be)bornin2006.4.Aboutthestudentstookpartinthecamp.A.40percentB.40percentsC.40percentofD.40percentsof10.Althoughmanystudentsliketowatchsports,gameshowsarethemostpopular.盡管很多學(xué)生喜歡看體育節(jié)目，但是游戲類節(jié)目卻是最受歡迎的?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縜lthough作連詞，意為“雖然；盡管；即使”，相當(dāng)于though，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句【特別提醒】重點(diǎn)：在英語(yǔ)中，表示“雖然……但是……”時(shí)，although與but不能同時(shí)使用Eg.Althoughthemachineisold,itstillrunswell.→Themachineisold,butitstillrunswell.盡管這臺(tái)機(jī)器舊了，但是依然運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得很好。【即學(xué)即用】1.________thewaterwascold,theyoungmanjumpedintoittosaveothers.A.AlthoughB.WhenC.IfD.Because2.________Bobisverytall,________hecan'tplaybasketball.A./;butB.Although;butC.Because;soD./;although3.____________themanisrich,____________heisnothappy.A.Although;butB.Although;/ C.But;althoughD.Although;so11.It’sgoodtorelaxbyusingtheInternetorwatchinggameshows,butwethinkthebestwaytorelaxisthroughexercise.通過使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或看游戲類節(jié)目來放松很好，但是我們認(rèn)為通過鍛煉是最好的放松方式?！居梅ㄔ斀狻浚?）through作介詞，表示方式，意為“以；憑借”，還可意為“穿過；通過”，多指穿過門、窗、洞、森林、城市、隧道等。Eg.IknewthisnewsthroughtheInternet.我是從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上知道這個(gè)消息的。TheRiverThamesflowsthroughLondon.泰晤士河流經(jīng)倫敦。（2）thebestwaytodosth做某事最好的方式Eg.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最好的方法是有一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境。【易混辨析】重點(diǎn)：across,through,over與crossacross介詞從事物表面橫過Iwentacrosstheroad.我穿過馬路。through從事物內(nèi)部穿過Thethiefgotinthroughthewindow.小偷是從窗戶進(jìn)來的。over從事物上方越過Sheclimbedoverthewall.她翻過墻去。cross動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于goacrossHecrossedtheAtlantictwice.他兩次橫渡大西洋?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Theoldmanisagoodswimmer，andevennowheoftenswims________TuojiangRiveraftersupper.A.overB.throughC.crossD.across2.Ileftmykeysintheroom.Iwanttogetinthewindow.Oh,it'stoodangerous.You'dbetterwaitforyourmothertoeback.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over12.Exercisesuchasplayingsportsisfun,andyoucanspendtimewithyourfriendsandfamilyasyouplaytogether.像做體育運(yùn)動(dòng)這樣的鍛煉是很有趣的，當(dāng)你和朋友、家人一起運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，你們可以度過一段時(shí)光?！居梅ㄔ斀狻浚?）suchas與forexample（例如）suchas通常用來例舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子，其前一般用逗號(hào)隔開forexample一般只例舉同類人或事物中的一個(gè)，用逗號(hào)與前后隔開，可置于句首、句中或句末Eg.Theboyisunhappybecausehehasnofriends.這個(gè)男孩不開心，因?yàn)樗麤]有朋友。Iliketheboybecauseofhiskindnature.我喜歡這個(gè)男孩，因?yàn)樗煨陨屏?。sbspend+時(shí)間/金錢+onsth某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間/金錢在某物上sbspend+時(shí)間/金錢+sbspend+時(shí)間/金錢+onsth某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間/金錢在某物上sbspend+時(shí)間/金錢+（in）doingsth某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間/金錢做某事Eg.IspentamonthinShanghailastsummer.去年夏天我在上海待了一個(gè)月。Ispent150yuanonthispairofshoes.我花了150元買這雙鞋子。Weshouldspendmoretimeonourstudy.我們應(yīng)該花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間在我們的學(xué)習(xí)上。Hespenthiswholelifeunderstandingtheuniverse.他花費(fèi)了一生去了解宇宙。【即學(xué)即用】1.Shedoeswellinmanysubjects,math,physicsandChinese. C.suchas D.forexample2.Mr.Smithspendstwohours(read)booksaday.13.Janeisa16yearoldhighschoolstudentintheUnitedStates.簡(jiǎn)是一名16歲的美國(guó)中學(xué)生?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?6yearold意為“十六歲的”→復(fù)合形容詞（是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成，詞與詞之間常加連字符“”），此處，16yearold是由“基數(shù)詞+名詞（單數(shù)）+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，常用在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，而16yearsold是名詞短語(yǔ)，常用作表語(yǔ)。Eg.Ihavea16yearoldsister.我有一個(gè)16歲的姐姐?！鶰ysisteris16yearsold.我的姐姐16歲了?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.WuDajing,aChineseskater,setanewworldrecordattheShortTrackWorldCuplastyear.A.25yearsoldB.25yearoldC.25yearold D.25yearsold課堂小測(cè)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Mymothertoldmenottospendtoomuchtimeputergames.

A.playing B.toplayC.play D.played2.Lilyisonlyfiveyearsold,shecanswimverywell.A.Although;butB.Because;soC.Although;/D.So;/3.—Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?—Sorry,Iamnewhere.youcanaskthepolicemanoverthere.Heknow.A.May;maybe B.May;may C.Maybe;maybe D.Maybe;may4.AmericanpeopleandBritishpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,theirculturesarequitedifferent.5.TheQiangxiRiver,abeautifulriver,runs________thecityofTaixingandtherearesomebeautifulbridges________theriver.A.across;through B.through;over C.through;through D.over;across6.Sixty________ofthehousework________donebyrobots.A.percent;are B.percent;is C.percents;are D.percents;is7.It'sagoodway________Englishby________toEnglishsongs.A.tolearn;tolisten B.learning;listeningC.tolearn;listening D.learning;tolisten8.Leowasso__________thatherushedtothekitchen,hopingtofindsomethingtoeat.9.﹣CanyoucatchwhatIsaid?﹣Sorry,Ican__________understanditbecauseyouspeakveryquickly．10.—Howmanytimeshaveyoureadthisnovel?—________. C.Threetime 11.Colais_______,andit’snotgoodforyour________.A.healthy;health B.unhealthy;healthy C.unhealthy;health D.health;health12.—WhatisTominterestedin?—Heisinterestedinsports,______basketball,tennisandpingpong.A.suchasB.atleastC.becauseofD.forexample13.—CanyougoswimmingwithmenextSunday?—Sorry,nextweekisforme.A.freeB.goodC.enoughD.full14.—Lindacan’tplaysocceratall.—Soccerisherfavoritesport.A.That’stoobad. B.eon! C.Howe? D.That’sright.15.Janestayuplatebecauseshedidn’tfinishherhomework.A.hadto B.can C.shouldD.mustto二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Heusually__________(stay)athomeonweekends.2.Fifteen(percent)ofthevisitorsarefromforeigncountries.3.Don'tworry,Mom.Iamoldenoughtolookafter(my).4.Brushyourteethatleast(two)aday,inthemorningandbeforebedtime.5.Itisgoodtolookforinformationby(use)theInternet.6.Thebestway(learn)Englishisthroughreadingloudly.7.Thegirlisn't(health)becauseshedoesn'tliketoexercise.8.Iplayfootballat(little)onceaweek.9.Eatingtoomuchjunkfoodisbadforstudents'(body).10.Howmany__________(time)doyouseeyourgrandparentsamonth?三、漢譯英：?jiǎn)卧~/短語(yǔ)/句子1.他做運(yùn)動(dòng)至少一周兩次。Heplayssports____________________twiceaweek.。Iexercise____________________aweek.3.多吃蔬菜和水果對(duì)你的健康有益。It_____________________________yourhealthtoeatmorevegetablesandfruit.4.他幾乎不看電視。He____________________watchesTV.5.我懂四種語(yǔ)言，比如日語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)。Iknowfourlanguages,____________________JapaneseandEnglish.6.吃太多垃圾食品對(duì)我們是不健康的。It’sunhealthyforustoeattoomuch____________________.7.我的妹妹會(huì)跳搖擺舞。Mysistercan____________________.8.盡管彈鋼琴很難，但是我不會(huì)放棄。.語(yǔ)法精講語(yǔ)法精講一、頻度副詞一、語(yǔ)法概述頻度副詞表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)的頻率，即在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)，常用來回答howoften的提問。二、頻度副詞的種類1.不表示具體次數(shù)的頻度副詞（按頻率從高到低排列）always（100%）always（100%）usually（80%）often（60%）sometimes（40%）hardlyever/seldom（20%）never（0%）2.表示具體的頻率、次數(shù)時(shí)，通常用onceaweek（一周一次），twiceamonth（一月兩次），threetimesayear（一年三次）等。【注意】onceortwice一兩次twoorthreetimes兩三次threeorfourtimes三四次【即學(xué)即用】1.—Doyouoftengotothegym?—No,________.Idon’tlikesportsatall.2.Idon’tthinkfastfoodisgoodforourhealth,soI______gotoMac Donald.3.Mr.LiuwatchesTV.HethinkswatchingTVisawaste(浪費(fèi))oftime.A.often B.seldom C.always D.usually4.Bobdislikescoffee,sohealmostdrinksit.A.often B.always C.never D.ever三、頻度副詞的位置頻度副詞一般放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后（實(shí)前be情助后），有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，頻度副詞也可位于句首。?I’malwayshappytoseeher.我見到她總是很開心。?Shedoesn’talwaysgotoschoolbybus.她并不總是乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。?Icanneverforgetit.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這件事。?Usuallywehavelunchatschool.我們通常在學(xué)校吃午飯。四、對(duì)頻度副詞的提問重點(diǎn)對(duì)頻度副詞進(jìn)行提問常用疑問詞組，表示“多久一次”?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Millie,doyoutakethecourseinDIY?EverySaturdayafternoon.A.howlong B.howfar C.howmuch D.howoften二、由how構(gòu)成的特殊疑問詞組短語(yǔ)含義用法答語(yǔ)howfar提問距離It’s+5meters/10minutes’walk等表距離的詞語(yǔ)howlong提問時(shí)間for/about+時(shí)間段提問物體長(zhǎng)度10km等表示長(zhǎng)度的詞語(yǔ)howsoon提問時(shí)間in+時(shí)間段howoften提問頻率once,twice,always等表示頻率的詞語(yǔ)howold提問年齡12yearsold等表示年齡的詞語(yǔ)howmany對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問100等具體的基數(shù)詞或several等修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞語(yǔ)howmuch對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量進(jìn)行提問alotof,3glasses(of)等用于表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞的量的詞語(yǔ)提問價(jià)格5dollars,2yuanakilo等表示價(jià)格的詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法小測(cè)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Mike,doyouhaveahealthexamination?—Onceayear.A.howlong B.howmany C.howmuch D.howoften2.—Howoftendoyougotothecinema?—.Ionlywatchmoviesathome.Always B.Usually C.Sometimes D.Never3.Everyyearthousandsoftouriststhemountainareatorelaxthemselves.A.visited B.werevisitingC.visit D.havevisited4.We'llhavetosaygoodbye,mydearfriends!ButIwillforgetthedayswespenttogether.A.always B.often C.never D.usually5.—_________doyouhavedinnerwithyourfamilyatrestaurants?—Hardlyever.A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmany D.Howmuch6.—Doesyourbrotherplaysoccer?—No.He_________playsitbecauseheislazyenough.7._________monkeysarethereinthezoo?A.Howoften B.Howlong C.Howmuch D.Howmany8.—_________isitfromyourschooltothebusstop?—It’sabout5minutes’walk.A.Howoften B.Howfar C.Howlong D.Hows