2020年高考英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞及表語(yǔ)從句

#2020年高考英語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞及表語(yǔ)從句系動(dòng)詞最常用連系動(dòng)詞：be(am;is/was;are/were)。表變化的系動(dòng)詞：get;turn;go;fall;become;grow;come;run。用法注意：在英語(yǔ)中，系動(dòng)詞一般只有一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，沒(méi)有其他時(shí)態(tài)變化形式。但表變化的這類系動(dòng)詞除外，它們有各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。eg:itisbecomingcolderandcolder.thefoodhasgonebad.此處還需注意的是become和turn后接表職業(yè)的名詞時(shí)冠詞的有無(wú)：eg:twoyearslater,hebecameateacher.但twoyearslater,heturnedteacher.另外，go表變化時(shí)一般指事情向消極、不好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。所謂“感官動(dòng)詞”：look;sound;taste;smell;feel。一般它們?cè)诰渥又凶g成：。。。起來(lái)；。。。上去。此類系動(dòng)詞為高考高頻詞。eg:thefoodtastedgood食物嘗起來(lái)很香。其中必須注意到它們本身也用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞， 所以在平常的教學(xué)和應(yīng)用中一定多比較、關(guān)注它們的用法。eg:helookedsadlyatthepicture./shelookedsadafterhearingthenews.tomtastedthefoodandittastedgood.表狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞：keep;stay;remain;（依然是；保持）eg:sheremainsloyaltoherfatherdespitehiscrueltytowardsher.whatalovelydaytoday!ilovefineweatherandihopeitwillstayfineforsomemoredays.muchremainstobedone.表像系動(dòng)詞：seem;appear。漢語(yǔ)意義：看起來(lái)像、似乎、好像。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)，即如果要表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)的變化，需要后接不定時(shí)來(lái)完成。eg:heseemedtohavecaughtcold./whenfathercamein,tomseemedtobeeatingsomething.另外此處一句型轉(zhuǎn)換也要要求學(xué)生牢記itseemedthathehadcaughtcold.whenfathercamein,itseemedthattomwaseatingsomething.終止系動(dòng)詞：prove;turnout。表達(dá)“證實(shí)、證明、結(jié)果為。。。”之eg:heproved(tobe)right./theexperimentturnedoutsuccessful.系動(dòng)詞用法應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題一般地說(shuō)，系動(dòng)詞無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 女口：yourhandfeelscold.thesouptastesgood.thedinnersmellsgood.系動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用的問(wèn)題。某些含有變化意義的動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞如 get,become,grow,turn等的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)可與形容詞的比較級(jí)連用，表示漸進(jìn)過(guò)程，其意思是“越來(lái)越……”。例如：heisgrowingtallerandtaller.ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetter.thingsaregettingworse.所有半系動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要分情況討論。英語(yǔ)中某動(dòng)詞在作系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，二者不可混為一談。例如：不能說(shuō)：theappleistastedgood.因?yàn)閠aste此時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，“嘗起來(lái)”之意，指的是蘋果的性質(zhì)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）但我們可以說(shuō)：theappleistastedbyme這蘋果被我嘗了一下。（taste此時(shí)指“嘗一嘗”這一動(dòng)作，有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第1頁(yè)123456789因此，在平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)之 ，要有意注意半系動(dòng)詞在具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中到底是系動(dòng)詞用法還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法， 要注意區(qū)分、識(shí)別。瞬間動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞能否與時(shí)間段連用的問(wèn)題英語(yǔ)中某些表示瞬間意義的系動(dòng)詞不能與“ fo葉時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，howlonguntil+時(shí)間,by+時(shí)間，sofar”等直接連用。例如:不能說(shuō)：hehasbecomeateacherfor2years.應(yīng)改為：hehasbeenateacherfor2years.不能說(shuō)：hehasturnedwritersince3yearsago.應(yīng)改為：hehasbeenawritesince3yearsago.或itistwoyearssinceheturnedwriter.不能說(shuō)：hegotangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.應(yīng)改為：hedidn'tgetangryuntilhischildcamebackhome.系動(dòng)詞能接幾種表語(yǔ)（從句）系動(dòng)詞除了接adj.\n.\prep.短語(yǔ),還可接以下幾種表語(yǔ)形式：能接asif/asthough表語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞有：look（看起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)），sound（聽起來(lái)），feel（覺得）；appear（顯得），seem（似乎）。例如：itlooksasifwearegoingtohavesnow看樣子天要下雪了。helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybookoffairytales.他看來(lái)好像剛從我的童話故事中走出來(lái)似的。sheseemedasif（though）shecouldntunderstandwhylaurawasthere.看來(lái)她好像不能理解為什么勞拉呆在那兒。itsoundstomeasthoughthere'sataprunningsomewhere.我好像聽到某處水龍頭流水的聲音。shefeltasifherheadweresplitting她仿佛覺得她的頭要裂開了。theriverappearedasifenvelopedinsmog那條河好像籠罩在煙霧之中。itseemsasifitwerespringalready好像已是春天了?？捎糜凇癷t+系動(dòng)詞+that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的有：seem,appear如：itseemedthathehadmadesomeseriousmistakesinhiswork子像他在工作中犯了嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。itappearedthathewastalkingtohimself.好像他在自言自語(yǔ)。能用不定式作表語(yǔ)的系動(dòng)詞有：be,seem,,look,appear,prove,grow.herjobistolookafterthechildren.她的工作是照料孩子們。heseemsnottolookafterthechildren.他好像不是她的父親。helookstobeayounggirloftwenty.他看起來(lái)像是一個(gè)20歲的年輕姑娘。hedidn'tappeartodislikeit.看不出他憎恨此事。myadviceprovedtobewrong我的建議證明是錯(cuò)誤的。能與there連用的系動(dòng)詞有：be,appear,seem.thereappearedtobeonlyoneroom.那兒好像只有一個(gè)房間。thereseems(tobe)noneedtogo似乎沒(méi)有必要走。exercisethestorysounds a.tobetrueb.astruec.beingtrued.truethoseorangestaste a.goodb.wellc.tobegoodd.tobewellareyoufeeling 2--yes,'mfinenowa.anywellb.anybetterc.quitegoodd.quitebetter共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第2頁(yè)123456789canijointheclub,dad.youcanwhenyou abitolder.a.getb.willgetc.getsd.willhavegotdoyoulikethematerial?yes,it verysoft.a.isfeelingb.feltc.feelsd.isfelt6.ilovetogototheseasideonsummer.it goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.a.doesb.feelsc.getsd.makescleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget bythehour.a.payb.payingc.paidd.topaywhydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?itwill freshforseveraldays.a.bestayedb.stayc.bestayingd.havestayedTOC\o"1-5"\h\zwhatyouhavesaid .a.issoundedinterestingb.soundsinterestingc.soundinterestedd.listensinterestedtheclassbegins.pleasekeep .a.silentb.sileneec.thesileneed.silently11」ook!severalpeopleinthecrowdseemed .a.tobefightingb.tohavefoughtc.beingfoughtd.havingfoughthow thesongshesingssounds!ihavenever abettervoice.a.beautifully,soundedb.beautiful,soundedc.sweet,listenedtod.sweet,heardherfeelingaboutthemarriage ratherstrange.a.islookedb.isseemedc.seemsd.isappearedthenewshirt right.a.doesn'tfeelb.isn'tfeltc.isn'tfeelingd.doesn'ttouchhowhappyit formetobehomeagainaftertwentyyearsabroad!a.givesb.feelsc.isfeltd.isgivenjohn driversineetwomonthsago.a.becameab.hasbecomeachasturnedd.hasbeena17.it hefeltvery overthedeathoftheboy.a.seemedthat,sadb.seemedasif,sadlyc.lookedasthough,sadd.lookedthat,sadnesseveryoneheretoday?a.beb.arec.isd.am共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第3頁(yè)123456789harryisolderthani.buthe youngerthani.a.lookb.looksc.lookedd.lookingit likethesingingofthebirds.a.soundsb.looksc.smellsd.tastesTOC\o"1-5"\h\zthiskindofcaketastes .a.goodb.wellc.tobegoodd.tobewellthechildrenalllooked atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite .a.sad,sadb.sadly,sadlyc.sad,sadlyd.sadly,sadthiskindofpaper nice.a.feelb.feltc.isfeelingd.feelsthismathproblemis andicandoit .a.easy,easilyb.easily,easilyc.easy,easyd.easily,easycoffeeisready.howniceit !wouldyoulikesome?a.looksb.smellsc.soundsd.feels共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第4頁(yè)123456789inwinterthedays colderandcolder.a.getsb.gettingc.gotd.get參考答案：1—26dabacbcbbaadcabdacbaaddabd表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式1?由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。如:“that”，“whether”thequestioniswhetherweshouldaskthemforhelp.thetroubleisthathehasneverdonetheworkbefore.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)。女口：“what” “who”“whom”“whose” “which”guilinisnotwhatitusedtobe.whatshewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.由連接畐詞弓丨導(dǎo)。如： “when”“why”“where”“how”“because"thatiswhereluxunusedtolive.thatiswhyhedidn'tpasstheexam另可由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)。如：itlooksasifitweregoingtorain表語(yǔ)從句兩大要素：除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。除that,whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分。一些引導(dǎo)詞的用法（一） that在表語(yǔ)從句中，又。thefactisthathehasn‘tyetrecoverfromillness.thereasonwhyhehastogoisthathismotherisillinbed.比較在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。therearesomefilmsthati'dliketosee.sheistheonlyoneamongusthatknowsfrench.結(jié)論:that在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指事物，也可指人,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴＃ǘ?what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，表示“什么，什么樣子，或所……的（人或事）thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.thatmountainisnoIongerwhatitusedtobe.whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.（三） which在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)。表示“其中哪一個(gè)“。如：ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatidon'tknowiswhich（book）itis.比較在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法chinaisacountrywhichhasahistoryofXXyears.共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第5頁(yè)123456789adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords結(jié)論：which在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指事物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷裕ㄋ模?當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為reason或者是why由引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，與它們相關(guān)的表語(yǔ)從句用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不能由because引導(dǎo)；because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用于it/that/thisis/wasbecause…句型中如：thereasonwhyiwaslatewasthatimissedthetrain.iwaslate.it/that/thiswasbecauseimissedthetrain.（五） whether在表語(yǔ)從句中表“是否”，但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句.如：whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon（六） ①asif從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況。 當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)。如： itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來(lái)像是在下雨。hetalksasifheisdrunk從他談話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了②asif從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)。從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的形式如下:(1)如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)如:youlookasifyoudidn'tcare.你看上去好像并不在乎。hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas 他說(shuō)話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。(2)從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”如:hetalksaboutromeasifhehadbeentherebefore.他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)羅馬似的thegirllistenedasifshehadbeenturnedtostone那女孩傾聽著，像已經(jīng)變成了石頭似的。(3)從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“ would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形"。女口：heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething他張開嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。itlooksasifitmightsnow. 看來(lái)好像要下雪了。（七）使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestion,order，proposal，plan,idea等。mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.exercisethequestionis wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.a.thatb.ifc.whend.whetherthereasonwhyhefailedis hewastoocareless.a.becauseb.thatc.ford.becauseo共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第6頁(yè)123456789goandgetyourcoat.ifs youleftita.whereb.therec.therewhered.wheretheretheproblemis totaketheplaceofteda.whocanwegetb.whatwecangetc.whowecangetd.thatwecangetwhatiwanttoknowis helikesthegiftgivenbyus.a.thatb.ifc.whetherd.不填thereasonis imissedthebus.a.thatb.whenc.whyd.whatthatis wewerelatelasttime.a.thatb.whenc.whyd.whatshelooked sheweretenyearsyounger.a.thatb.likec.asd.asthough—ifellsick!--ithinkitis youaredoingtoomuch.a.whyb.whenc.whatd.becausethereasonwhyhehasntcomeis .a.becausehismotherisillb.becauseofhismothersbeingillc.thathismotherisilld.forhismotherisill—hewasbornhere.--thatis helikestheplacesomuch.a.thatb.whatc.whyd.howthatis luxunoncelived.a.whatb.wherec.thatd.whythequestionis itisworthvisiting.a.ifb.asifc.whetherd.howthisis ithappened.a.whatb.whenc.thatd.howthisis thecitylies.a.whichb.whatc.whered.whenhewasill.thatis hedidn‘tcomeyesterday.共9頁(yè)，當(dāng)前第7頁(yè)123456789a.whenb.whyc.howd.thatthatwas iwasthirteenienteredtheno.1middleschool.a.becauseb.whyc.howdwhentheproblemis wecanmastermodernscieneeandtechnologyinashorttime.a.ifb.thatc.whatd.how—doesn'tmr.smithliveonthisstreet?-no.thisis mr.brownlives.a.whichb.wherec.howd.thatthereasonwhyhehasbeensuchasuccessis henevergivesup.a.whatb.wherec.howd.that—whatisthatbuilding?- thegardenequipmentisstoreda.that'swhereb.thereisinwhichc.thebuildingisd.that'sthebuildingwhichourvillageisnoIonger overtwentyyearsago.a.whatwasitb.whatitwasc.thevillagewhatwasd.whatwasthevillage youarethefirstonehere.a.itseemsthatasifb.itseemsasifthatc.itseemsasifd.itseemsthatasthoughmyhopeis hewillbecomeadoctorinthefuture.a.ifb.whetherc.thatd.whathetreatedmeasthough/asif hisownson.a.iamb.iwouldbec.iwasd.iwerethat/what的區(qū)別 yourfatherwantstoknowis gettingonwithyourstudies.a.what;howareyoub.that;howyouarec.how;thatyouared.what;howyouarethetroubleis weareshortoftools.a.whatb.thatc.howd.whythatamericawas wasfirstcalled“india”bycolumbus.a.whatb.wherec.theplaced.therewherechinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.itisnolonger .a.whatitus