Unit5LanguagesaroundtheWorldLanguagePoints2知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義高中英語(yǔ)人教版

B1U5LanguagePoints2Period5DiscoveringUsefulStructures&ListeningandTalkingstruggle(n.&vi.)斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.當(dāng)我學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，那是一件困難的事。Despitehisterribleinjuries,hewouldn’tgiveupthestruggle(斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；努力)forlife.他盡管身負(fù)重傷，但仍然不會(huì)放棄求生的努力。（~for/against...爭(zhēng)取/反抗...的斗爭(zhēng)）Itwasastruggle(難事)forthepoorfamilytoearnalivingonthelittlefarm.對(duì)這戶(hù)貧困的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，靠這個(gè)小農(nóng)場(chǎng)謀生是件難事。（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是件難事）Someanimalshavetostruggleforexistenceinthedangerousworld.一些動(dòng)物必須在這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)危險(xiǎn)的世界上為生存而斗爭(zhēng)。(strugglefor為...而斗爭(zhēng)/奮斗/努力)Atpresent,ourpanyhastostrugglewith/againstavarietyofdifficultiesfromhomeandabroad.我們公司現(xiàn)在不得不與各種各樣來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)外的困難作斗爭(zhēng)。（strugglewith/against與...作斗爭(zhēng)）Tomstruggledbackhistearswhenheheardthenewsthathehadlostthepetition.當(dāng)Tom聽(tīng)到比賽輸了的消息時(shí)強(qiáng)忍住淚水。=Tomstruggledtokeepbacktotearswhenheheardthenewsthathehadlostthepetition.(struggletodosth努力做某事)Thesoldierwasbadlywoundedbuthestruggledtohisfeetatlast.這個(gè)戰(zhàn)士受了重傷，但最后他還是掙扎著站了起來(lái)。（struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來(lái)）Iwasstrugglinginthewaterandscreamingforhelp.我在水里掙扎著，高聲呼救。詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：fightforjustice為公正而戰(zhàn)fightagainstinjustice與不公正作斗爭(zhēng)beg(vt.)懇求；祈求；哀求toasksbforsthesp.inananxiouswaybecauseyouwantorneeditverymuchIbegyourpardon.請(qǐng)?jiān)?。（P65）begforhelp/money/food求援/討錢(qián)/討飯（begforsth請(qǐng)求得到某物）Tim,lookingathisfriendwithbeggingeyes,beggedhertotellhimthetruth.Tim用乞求的眼神看著他的朋友，請(qǐng)求她把真相告訴他。（begsbtodosth請(qǐng)求某人做某事）NewYorkisfullofbeggarsbegginginthestreets.紐約到處是在街上乞討的乞丐。詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：ask(sb)forsth./asksbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth要求；請(qǐng)求requeststh(fromsb)/sbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth（禮貌或正式地）請(qǐng)求，要求requiresth/sbtodosth/thatsb(should)dosth需要；要求demandsth/todosth/thatsb(should)dosth強(qiáng)烈要求；需要tongue(n.)舌，舌頭；語(yǔ)言；說(shuō)話(huà)方式mothertongue=firstlanguage母語(yǔ)；本國(guó)語(yǔ)Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue.這些詞語(yǔ)我說(shuō)起來(lái)覺(jué)得很奇怪。Iwastonguetied(adj.(因害羞或緊張)張口結(jié)舌的。說(shuō)不出話(huà)來(lái)的).我張口結(jié)舌。frommypointofview/inmyopinion/asfarasIamconcerned在我看來(lái)asif/though似乎；好像aseaofwords/aseaofflowers/aseaoffaces(aseaof大量；茫茫一片)很多單詞/花的海洋/人山人海Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.我可以打開(kāi)一本書(shū)，看到含義，而不僅僅是文字的海洋。semester(semi構(gòu)成形容詞和名詞：半；部分semifinal半決賽)/term(尤用于英國(guó))學(xué)期gas氣體；天然氣；(gasoline)汽油/gasstation加油站/petrol(BrE)汽油bysubway/takethesubway坐地鐵rentanapartment(NAmE)租一套公寓=rentaflat(BrE)theEnglishdepartment英語(yǔ)系/thesalesdepartment銷(xiāo)售部(部；司；局；處；系；科；部門(mén))pants(BrE)內(nèi)褲；短褲(NAmE)褲子/trousers褲子ThemoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.我對(duì)一門(mén)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)得越多，大腦就會(huì)成長(zhǎng)得越多。The+比較級(jí)（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)），The+比較級(jí)（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）“越...,越...”前者表示條件，后者表示結(jié)果。在表示將來(lái)意義的情況下，該結(jié)構(gòu)的前半部分常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后半部分用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。It'sbelievedthattheharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.人們相信，你越努力，你得到的結(jié)果就會(huì)越好。如果句意明確，該結(jié)構(gòu)常以省略形式出現(xiàn)。Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.感覺(jué)我一個(gè)頭兩個(gè)大。IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal(which/that)Ihadbeenfightingfor.我覺(jué)得我好像達(dá)到了我一直為之奮斗的目標(biāo)。AdditionalAccumulationbedividedinto被分成（整體分成部分）stayunited保持團(tuán)結(jié)majorinEnglish主修英語(yǔ)gointhisdirection往這個(gè)方向走(developinonedirection朝一個(gè)方向發(fā)展)thereasonforhisbeinglate他遲到的原因runintodifficulties/badweather碰到困難；遭遇壞天氣spoken/writtenEnglish口語(yǔ)/書(shū)面語(yǔ)reachsb/getintouchwithsb與某人取得聯(lián)系makeone’sday使某人一天非?？旎頣hechampionhewoninthespeechpetitionreallymadehisday.他獲得了演講比賽的冠軍，這讓他非常開(kāi)心。admirethemoon賞月nottomention更不用說(shuō)besecondtonone首屈一指inaflat(adj.)voice用平淡的聲音store(v.)information儲(chǔ)存信息Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth某人沒(méi)有必要做某事Heisnobody(n.apersonwhohasnoimportanceorinfluence)/someone(pron.animportantperson).他是個(gè)無(wú)名小卒。/他是個(gè)人物。playajokeonsb開(kāi)某人的玩笑meetone’sneeds滿(mǎn)足某人的需要Period6ReadingforWriting&AssessingYourProgress&VideoTimeequal(n.)同等的人；相等物(adj.)相同的；同樣的...ourrelationshipiscloseandwe’reequals(n.)...我們關(guān)系密切；彼此相等...①Frommypointofview,heisaplayerwithoutequalandhasnoequalinfootball.在我看來(lái)，他是個(gè)無(wú)與倫比的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在足球上無(wú)人能與他匹敵。②Menarecreated/bornequal.人生而平等。beequaltomen男女平等Heisequaltothejob.他能勝任這份工作。（beequalto與...相等；能勝任，應(yīng)付）③Threeplusthreeequalssix.三加三等于六。(linkingverb+noun（大小、數(shù)量、價(jià)值等）與...相等；等于)Nooneequalshiminstrength.論力氣，無(wú)人能與他相比。（AequalsBin...A...方面比得上B）Withhislastjumpheequalledtheworldrecord.憑借最后一跳，他平了世界紀(jì)錄。（比得上）Tokeepfit,dietandexerciseareequallyimportant.為了保持健康，飲食和鍛煉同樣重要。(adv.平等地；同樣地)Thecakewasdividedequallyintofourparts這個(gè)蛋糕被平均分成四份。（平均地）racial/social/sexualequality種族/社會(huì)/男女平等（n.平等；均等；相等）詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：Heisfitforthejob./Thejobissuitableforhim.他適合這份工作。gap(n.)間隔；開(kāi)口；差距...soIonlyneedafewwordstobridgethegapbetweenus....所以我只需要說(shuō)幾個(gè)字就能讓對(duì)方明白我的意思。（消除隔閡）agapbetweenrichandpoor貧富之間的差距generationgap代溝詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：I’mplanningtotakeagapyearandgobackpackinginCanada.我準(zhǔn)備休假一年去加拿大背包旅行。(gapyear空缺年（常指中學(xué)畢業(yè)后上大學(xué)前所休的一年假期，用于實(shí)習(xí)或旅游）)demand(n.)要求；需求(vt.)強(qiáng)烈要求；需要(vi.)查問(wèn)...Imustmakeitaquestion,notademand......我得把它變成一個(gè)問(wèn)題，而不是一個(gè)要求...①ademandformoney需要錢(qián)（ademandforsth對(duì)...要求/需求）Chineseteachersareingreatdemandabroadtheseyears.現(xiàn)在國(guó)外很需要漢語(yǔ)老師。（indemand需求大的）ItissaidthatsuchaChinesetrainingcoursewillsatisfy/meetyourdemand(s).據(jù)說(shuō)，這樣的漢語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)班將滿(mǎn)足你的需求。(滿(mǎn)足某人的需求)②Thepolicemanstoppedmeanddemanded/madeademandtoseemydrivinglicense.那名警察攔住我，要求看我的駕駛執(zhí)照。（demandtodo=makeademandtodo要求做某事）ThepolicedemandedthatMary(should)retellthewholeaffairindetail.警察要求Mary詳細(xì)復(fù)述整個(gè)事件。（demandthatsb(should)dosth要求）Thissportdemandsbothspeedandstrength.這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)既需要速度也需要體力。Theworkisphysicallydemanding.這工作需要有很好的體力。（adj.(工作)要求高的；費(fèi)力的；(人)苛刻的）詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：require/requestinsistondoingsth堅(jiān)持做某事Heinsisted(that)hewasinnocentandthathe(should)besetfree.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的，堅(jiān)持要求釋放他。description(n.)描寫(xiě)（文字）；形容Doesthewritergiveacleardescriptionoftheproblem?作者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題做了清楚的描述嗎？giveadetailed/briefdescriptionofthepicture對(duì)圖片作詳盡的/簡(jiǎn)要描述=describe(vt.)thepictureTheTibetisbeautifulbeyonddescription.西藏的美是無(wú)法形容。(難以描述)Jackdescribed/picturedhimselfasakindman.Jack把自己描述成一個(gè)善良的人。（v.把...描述為）thedescriptivepassagesinthenovel小說(shuō)中的描寫(xiě)性段落（adj.描寫(xiě)的；敘述的；說(shuō)明的）詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：picture(v.)sb/sthassth(describeorpresentsb/sthinaparticularway描述；描寫(xiě))relate(vt.)聯(lián)系；講述Doeseachsentencerelatetothemainidea?每句話(huà)都與主旨有關(guān)嗎？(relateto:tobeconnectedwithsb/sth;torefertosth/sb與...有關(guān)；涉及；談到)Theprofessortoldhisstudentstorelatetheorytopractice.教授告訴他的學(xué)生們要將理論和實(shí)際聯(lián)系起來(lái)。(relateAtoB把A與B聯(lián)系起來(lái))Sherelatesherchildhoodexperiencestoherfriend.她向她的朋友講述了自己童年的經(jīng)歷。（relatesthtosb向某人講述某事）Somediseasesarecloselyrelatedtoairpollution.有些疾病與空氣污染密切相關(guān)。（adj.相關(guān)的；有聯(lián)系的berelatedto與...有關(guān)）Ihavesomementstomakeinrelationtothismatter.關(guān)于這件事我有幾點(diǎn)看法。(inrelationto=concerning關(guān)于)Itsbrainissmallinrelationtoitsbody.和它的身體相比，它的大腦很小。（=paredwith與...相比）aclose/distantrelationofmine我的一個(gè)近親/遠(yuǎn)親=aclose/distantrelativeofmine(n.親戚；親屬)relation(n.)(人、團(tuán)體、國(guó)家之間的)關(guān)系，聯(lián)系，交往；（事物之間的）關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián)；親戚，親屬relationship(n.)(人、團(tuán)體、國(guó)家之間的)關(guān)系，聯(lián)系;（事物之間的）關(guān)系，關(guān)聯(lián);血緣關(guān)系，姻親關(guān)系詞義關(guān)聯(lián)：havesomethingtodowith與...有關(guān)beconcernedwith與...有關(guān)；涉及berelevantto與...相關(guān)havetroublewithsth/(in)doingsth=havedifficultywithsth/(in)doingsth在（做）某事方面有困難...butnowI’mhavingalotoftroublewithmylistening....但是現(xiàn)在我的聽(tīng)力有很大的麻煩。dependon/upon=relyon依賴(lài)；依靠；取決于Italldepends./Thatdepends.那得看情況。Ithinkitalldependsonwhoyou’retalkingto.我覺(jué)得這完全取決于你在跟誰(shuí)說(shuō)話(huà)。pare...with...把...和...相比較SometimesIevenrecordmyvoicesoIcanlistentomyselfandparemypronunciationwiththeradiohost’s!有時(shí)候我甚至還給自己錄音，那樣一來(lái)，我可以聽(tīng)自己的聲音，并把我的發(fā)音與廣播主持人的發(fā)音進(jìn)行比較。get（動(dòng)）/be（狀）closeto靠近；接近aclosefriend一個(gè)親密的朋友ButifI’mtalkingtosomeonewhoisn’tveryclosetome...但是，如果我是跟不太親近的人說(shuō)話(huà)...givesbanewpointofviewon給某人一個(gè)關(guān)于...的新觀(guān)點(diǎn)beseniorto比某人年長(zhǎng)/地位高bejuniorto比某人年幼/地位低keepsthinone’shead記住某事=keepsthinmindIcan’tkeepallthenewvocabularystraightinmyhead,andIcertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly.我無(wú)法在腦子里記住所有的生詞，當(dāng)然也就記不住如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些詞匯。one’sattitudeto/towardssth某人對(duì)...的態(tài)度despite/inspiteofthegreatdifficulty盡管困難重重nativeEnglishspeakers以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人recordone’svoice把某人的聲音錄下來(lái)referto提到，談及；涉及，與...有關(guān)；查考，查閱open