冠詞用法詳解史上最小白的講解與練習(xí)

冠詞部分【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】▲掌握定冠詞與不定冠詞的用法。【課前準(zhǔn)備】?要求學(xué)生對(duì)冠詞的用法作一歸納。【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】（一）不定冠詞a,an的用法如下：a用于輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前，an用于元音音素開(kāi)頭的詞前。值得注意的是：如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以元音字母u開(kāi)頭就用a。例如university,useless,useful,unit,uniform。如果不定冠詞后面第一個(gè)詞以不發(fā)音的h開(kāi)頭，而h后面第一個(gè)音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例女口hour,honest。如果不定冠詞和名詞前有其他詞，不定冠詞的形式仍取決于它后面第一個(gè)詞的語(yǔ)音形式。例如anactress,abeautifulactress。表示人或事物的某一類（含義相當(dāng)于一類事物的任何一個(gè)）A_dictionaryisauseful,book.An_undergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.用于表示數(shù)量、時(shí)間的名詞前，表示"一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。Theplanwillbereadyinadayortwo,onceaweek._?泛指某人或某物，但未具體說(shuō)明何人、何物，如：A_boyiswaitingforme.Givemea_pen,please.用于某些固定短語(yǔ)中女口：a_few,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry,forawhile,for__alongtime,a_cupof,abottleof,havearest,haveatalk,haveafever,haveagoodtime,have（take）awalk,haveatoothache,takeabath,give_alesson_（二）定冠詞用法如下：定冠詞的用法如下：?指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.Goandclosethewindow.?特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：The_girlinredismysister.ThemanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.Thebookonthedeskismine.指前面提到過(guò)的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.4?用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前，在方位詞前。如：TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Hewonthefirstprize.Thesunrisesintheeast.用在某些名詞化的形容詞，過(guò)去分詞前，表示一類人或事物，女口：therich,thesick,thenew,thefalse?可在某些專用名詞前，"In：—theGreatWallthePeople'sRepublicofChinatheUnitedNationstheNetherlands在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlaintheRockyMountainstheYangtseRiver&在一些用語(yǔ)中，如：inthemorning（/afternoon/evening）,intheday,bytheway,onthewhole,thenextmorning,alltheyeararound,theotherday,atthesametime（三）不用冠詞的情況1?專有名詞人名，地名，節(jié)日，月份，年份，星期和不可數(shù)名詞（一般指物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞）前一般不用冠詞。如：China,BeihaiPark名詞前面已有用作定語(yǔ)的this,that,my,your,some,any,no等代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用冠詞。如：Theletterisfrommyfather.Ihaveabookinmyhand.在復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，如：Horsesareusefulanimals.Ilikecakes.在節(jié)日名稱，（稱呼語(yǔ)和表示官銜的名詞前）星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：TodayisSunday.Springisthebestseasonintheyear.Children'sDay表示某一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。球類，棋類，語(yǔ)言，三餐，游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。如：Iliketoplaybasketball.Wehavelunchatschool..在表示家庭成員名稱，稱呼語(yǔ)，表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞。在某些固定搭配和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中，如：gotoschool,beinhospital,beinprison注意下列詞組的區(qū)別，infortof與inthefrontof,inhospital與inthehospital,attable與atthetable,gotoschool與gototheschool,anumberofchildren=manychildren,Thenumberofchildren=孩子的數(shù)量二、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要注意的要點(diǎn)（1）在school,college,university,hospital,prison,church,class,table,bed等表示機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、組織名稱和家具的名詞前，用定冠詞和用不定冠詞意義有差異。用定冠詞強(qiáng)調(diào)處所，而不用定冠詞意義有所引申。比較：attable就餐atthetable坐在桌邊gotoschool去上學(xué)gototheschool去這個(gè)學(xué)校inhospital住院inthehospital在這家醫(yī)院gotoprison（違法而）進(jìn)監(jiān)獄gototheprison到監(jiān)獄gotochurch做禮拜gotothechurch到教堂inclass在課堂上intheclass在班級(jí)里（2）在某些詞前用不同冠詞（定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞），意義大不相同，例如:alittle/few有一點(diǎn)little/few幾乎沒(méi)有anumberof許多thenumberof的數(shù)目infrontof在前面inthefrontof在前部takeplace發(fā)生taketheplaceof代替outofthequestion根本不可能outofquestion沒(méi)有問(wèn)題themostbeautiful最漂亮mostbeautiful非常漂亮foramoment片亥Uforthemoment暫時(shí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、例題選講例1Thereisa.??■hinword“photo”A.a,aB.an,theC.the,anD.an,anTOC\o"1-5"\h\z答案：B提示：h雖然是輔音字母，但發(fā)的音是元音音素開(kāi)頭的，因此要用an,而word是特指，所以后面要用the。例2Sheishonestgirl.A.anB.aC./D.the答案：A提示：“honest”中h是不發(fā)音的，因此這個(gè)單詞是元音音素開(kāi)頭的。breakfast例3Hegoestoschoolafter

breakfastA./A./B.theD.aD.a答案：A提示：在表示三頓飯前不用定冠詞。例4BrownsaregoingtovisitYangtseRiver.ItisIongestriverinChinaandthirdIongestriverinworldA.The…the…the…the…the…theB.The…the…the…/…the…theC./…the…the…the???/???theD.The…/…the…the…the…the答案：B提示：the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示一家人，在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面要用定冠詞the，而形容詞最咼級(jí)前面通常要加定冠詞the,the+序數(shù)詞+最咼級(jí)表示第幾，而intheworld表示在世界上。初中英語(yǔ)分類練習(xí)――非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞I.填空用括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空Wearesoglad(hear)thenews.sawhim(cross)theroadsafelyand(run)away.Youcan'tmakehim(do)whatyouwant.don'tknowwhere(meet)him.Whatmakesyou(think)I'mafarmer?Didyouseehim(go)upstairs?7.Itisbetter(put)yourmoneyinabank.8.Itisdifficultfortheboy(swim)acrosstheriver.lethim(go)earlyashewanted(meet)hisuncleatthestation.1O.Willyouhelpme(move)thebed?Ifhedoesn'tknow,how(use)therecorder,you'dbetter(show)him.Heisthelastone(leave)theofficeeveryday.13.It'sbadmanners(shout)inpublic.Theboyisoldenough(dress)himself.15.Sheistooill(go)toschool.填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式.CanyouimagineyourselfinaIonelyisland?(stay)can'tunderstandyouratthatpoorchild.(laugh)3.Shedidn'tmindovertime.(work)Tomakealiving,hetried,,andvariousotherthings,buthehadfailedinall.(write;paint)WearelookingforwardtoMary's.(come).6.Shewaspraisedforthelifeofthechild.(save)9.9.ItseemsthatsheisanEnglishteacher.7.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof(criticize).8.1sthereanypossibilityofourthechampionship?(win)Hecametothepartywithout(invite)Don'tkeepme(wait)foralongtime.Knivesareusedfor(cut)things.Canyoufinish(read)thebookinthreedays?Thedoctorwasbusy(operate)ontheboyatthattime.Stop(talk)andlistentomecarefully.Thankyouverymuchfor(help)us.Grannyisveryillandshedoesn'tfeellike(eat)anything.Thegirlenjoys(listen)tolightmusic.Doyouremember(buy)meabeautifulskirtonmy13thbirthday?Wecouldn'thelp(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystory.Whatabout(go)outforawalk?n.用不定式完成下列句子1.Haveyoudecided(怎樣度假).2.Itisdangerous(玩火)3.Shewasthefirstwoman(環(huán)球飛行的).Theboywasmade(重復(fù)他自己的故事)Theoldladylookedatthechildren(穿過(guò)馬路)6.Ittookmemuchtime(算出這些難題)yesterday.Thebossmadetheworkers(一天工作十小時(shí))don'tknow(在會(huì)上說(shuō)什么)Canyoutellme(在哪里能買(mǎi)到這本書(shū))？(在何時(shí)何地召開(kāi)這會(huì)議)hasn'tbeendecidedyet.川?根據(jù)句意改寫(xiě)句子Theoldmanissooldthathecan'twork.Theoldmanistooold.Idon'tknowhowIcangettotheTVfactory.Idon'tknowtotheTVfactory.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandforaholiday.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandlidMikehopeshecanvisittheGreatWallonday.MikehopestheGreatWalloneday.Doeshesayanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Doeshehaveanythingrhimselfatthemeeting?Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavybox.Heisstrongtheheavybox.Hespenttwohoursdoingthework.Ithimtwohoursthework.It'stimeforschool.It'stimeschool.SheanEnglishteacher.10.Hisfathersaidtohim,“l(fā)istentotheteachercarefully.Hisfathertoldhimtheteachercarefully.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）'mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eatingItwasgreatfunapicniconthehill.A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.hadIt'sbadforyoureyescomputergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played----DoyouoftenhearJohninhisroom?----Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhiminhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singingWhynot?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohomeTheyweremadefourteenhoursaday.A.workB.workingC.workedD.toworkIsitalwayseasierfriendsthantokeepthem?A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.madeItJacktwentyminutesthemathproblemyesterday.A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedoutC.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingoutWhenyouleave,don'tforgetoffthelight.A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turnedWhodoyouthinkyou'dlike?A.tomakefriendsB.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithAlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?----ThisSunday?Iamsorry,IhavealotofhomeworkthisSunday.A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedoneSallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwithJohnaskedDavidhowChristmas.A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrateWeallconsideredMrZhaoteacher.A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebestIt'sverykindyoutometheheavybag.A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carryHaveyoudecided?A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowithC.whomgowithD.withwhomtogoHerhopeagoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwinThemeetingroomisbigenoughonehundredpeople.A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holdsWouldyoupleasepassmetheknife?A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelonC.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwithItisbettertoteachamantofishthanhimfish.A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gaveThepolicemanwarnedtheyoungmanafterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdriveWhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaythewildanimals?A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protectI'dratheronthelandinafactory.A.work;thanworkB.work;workC.towork;thantoworkD.towork;toworkMygrandfatherisusedahatinwinter.A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearingI'msorryyouenoughhelp.A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegivenSomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;cleanTheyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelake.A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drewTomistomakealivingbyhimself.A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrongIfindhimallaboutit.A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessarytoC.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotellTheoldmanseemsinagreathurry.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeingIthesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtoliveinC.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtoliveIt'stimeforsuppernow.Let'sit.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophavingYouarenotexpectedsuchlonghours.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.workHisfatheragreed$4,000forthecar.A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpayingThemanpretendedwhenwesawhim.A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating

37.Hedoesn'37.Hedoesn'tknow.A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodousdomostofourwork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helpedShepreferredmethere.A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stayWe'regoingtohelpthetrees.A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（二）at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedYoumustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninat.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedYoumustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse.A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinTheyinsistedonanotherchaneetotry.A.givenB.givingC.beinggiven—Whereismypassport?Iremember—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.RememberD.tobelaughedD.frombreakinginD.tobegivenithere.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.putting;totakeD.toput;takingHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit__A.painting;paintedB.paintedC.painting;paintingD.paintedTheyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire_A.lookingafterB.tolookafterApolicemansawtwothievesagirlD.stolenA.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen;painting;painting;paintedwithgreatcare.C.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof'smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed9.Shedecidedtodevoteherselftheproblemofoldage.A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study10.lttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedt'snogoodoversplitmilk.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cryHaveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaserememberittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingTheclassroomwantsA.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindforus.14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmindA.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waitedMybrotherkeepsmewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helpedWeshouldoftenpractiseEnglishwitheachother.

A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speakingKeeponandyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.tryingHisparentsinsistontocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogoThestorywassofunnythatwe.A.couldn'thelplaughB.can'tbutlaughC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaughWhatabouttotheconcertwithus?A.wegoB.wegoingC.goingD.togocleanisasafeguardagainstdisease.A.TobekeepingB.KeptC.KeepD.Keeping22.Seeingis.A.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelievedThescientistsuggestedtheexperimentinadifferentway.A.doB.todoC.doingD.doneDon'tforgetthisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returningC.returnD.toreturningOnlyoneofthesebooksis.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreadingWearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.A.goingonvacationB.goonvacationC.begoingonvacationD.havegoneonvacationHehadnodifficultytheproblems.A.workingoutB.havingworkedoutC.tohaveworkedoutD.toworkoutIregrettedthattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD./Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingDon'thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torunB.runningC.beenrunA.torunB.runningC.beenrunD.runThefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasameal.A.satisfyingB.satisfiedThefoodwasdelicious.Thatwasameal.A.satisfyingB.satisfiedC.satisfactionLookaroundwhenthestreet.A.acrossB.crossingC.crossedInthemorningshefoundherfatherinbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layIsawhimintoyourroomwhenyouwerenotin.A.goneB.goingC.wentPleasekeepquiet.Fatherisbusy.A.workB.toworkC.workingSallyhadnopenyesterdaymorning.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwithIt'stimeforclass.Stop,please.D.satisfyD.tobecrossingD.layingD.togoD.worksA.totalkB.talkC.talksD.talkingTV.YoushouldworktonightinsteadofA.towatchB.watchingC.towatchingListen!Canyouhearthegirlthepianointhenextroom?A.toplayB.playC.playingMr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout__thedoor.A.knockA.totalkB.talkC.talksD.talkingTV.YoushouldworktonightinsteadofA.towatchB.watchingC.towatchingListen!Canyouhearthegirlthepianointhenextroom?A.toplayB.playC.playingMr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout__thedoor.A.knockB.knockingat實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（三）1.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.C.learnedD.learningalltheway.It'stoohot.C.runningD.toberunningandeverything.C.toknockatA.learnB.tolearn2.YoucanthavethehorseB.torunD.watchedD.playsD.knockingtoA.runWhenIcameback,IfoundthehouseA.wasbroken;tookawayC.hadbeenbroken;takenB.brokeninto;takenawayD.breakinto;takeawayThehousetheyinthefloodsmustberebuiltbeforewintercomes.A.hadwashedawayB.hadtowashawayC.hadthemwashedawayD.hadwashedthemawayIwasfortunatetopickupawalletonthegroundonthewaybackhome,butunfortunatelyforme,IfoundmycolorTVsetwhenIgothome.A.lying;stolenB.laying;stealingC.lay;stolenD.lying;stealing6-Didyouhearherthispopsongthistimetheotherday?--Yes,andIheardthissonginEnglish.A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sungThemoneycollectedshouldbemadegoodusethepeopleinSouthAsiawhosufferedalotinthekillerearthquakeandtsunami.A.ofhelpB.tohelpC.tohelpingD.oftohelpWhenIcamehomelastnight,Isawmylittlekidonthebed,withhiswholeattentionuponthebookaboutHarryPorter.A.lying;fixingB.lay;fixedC.sitting;tofixD.seated;fixedLawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparentsA.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worryOnmywayhome;Isawathiefmoneyfromaladybythepolice.A.beingcaughtB.havingcaughtC.caughtstealingD.havecaughttostealingMrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachines