版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
Warming–upExercise
1.Canyouhavethewashing-machine_______(send)tomyplace?2.Thosewhohavequestions________(ask),raiseyourhands.3.Yourshoesaredirty.Theyneed________(wash)badly.4.Wouldyoulike________(take)partinthesportsmeet?5.Thestudentsfeltlike______(solve)theproblemsonceforall.
senttoaskwashingtotakesolvingLecture4Non-predicateVerb
非謂語動詞概述:顧名思義,非謂語動詞就是不能充當謂語的動詞。除了不能作謂語外,非謂語動詞具備動詞的特征,可以在句中充當多種成分。根據種類的不同,非謂語動詞充當的成分也不一,因此,非謂語動詞呈現(xiàn)出多樣性和復雜性,需要逐一對比分析,多觀察,多推理。第一節(jié)分類(classification)非謂語動詞可分為三大類型:不定式
(Infinitive)動名詞(Gerund)
現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing)分詞
(Participle)(PresentP.)
過去分詞(-ed)(PastP.)第二節(jié)構成與成分比較分類構成
成分主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式todo動名詞doing分詞doing-ed??????????????????第三節(jié)不定式構成與特征:
主動被動一般todotobedone進行tobedoing
完成tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行tohavebeendoing
1.動詞不定式的一般式所表示的動作和狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作和狀態(tài)的同時或以后:
Ibelievehimtobeanartist.HewaseagertovisitBeijing.Shefounditdifficulttobeunderstoodbyherstudents.Allofusweresurprisedtohavelearnedthatyouareplanning
toleaveschoolnextsemester.(改錯)
tolearn
2.
動詞不定式的進行式所表示的動作和狀態(tài)與謂語動詞所表示的動作和狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生:
ThebookissaidtobesellingwellintheU.S.A.Heappearedtobelisteningattentively.I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.A.togetworseB.tobegettingworseC.tohavegoneworseD.gettingworse
3.動詞不定式的完成式所表示的動作和狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作和狀態(tài)以前:
I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforme.Theyaresaidtohavefinishedthewholeproject.Mostofthemarereportedtohavebeenprintedontime.Good-bye,Mr.Zhang.I’mpleased___.A.tomeetyouB.meetingyouC.tohavemetyouD.havingmetyou
Key:C(“再見”表明已經見過了)4.動詞不定式的否定式在to前加not:Shedecidednottobelateagain.Heregrettednottohavecaredforhertheseyears.Theypretendednottobelisteningtous.
5.不定式的被動式表示其邏輯主語為不定式動作的承受者:
Therearemorethanfiftyproposals___attheconference.A.discussedB.discussingC.tobediscussedD.havingbeendiscussed
Key:C(現(xiàn)在時,被動態(tài))不定式的功能與用法
動詞不定式在句中起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可以充當主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓補、主補和狀語。
1.主語:
既可位于句首,亦可用先行詞it作形式主語.Tolearnaforeignlanguagetakesalongtimeandlotsofhardwork.IttakesalongtimeandlotsofhardworktolearnEnglish.Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthan____.A.livingonone’skneesB.liveonone’skneesC.onone’skneesD.toliveonone’sknees
Key:D(一致)2.表語:
表目的:
Thenextstepistomakesurethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.Thepurposeoftheexchangeprogramistopromotetheunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.表示事態(tài)發(fā)展或預期的結果:
Tobecomeaslaveistogiveupone’sfreedom.
Manistoliveabetterlifeinthenextcentury.用于第一人稱疑問句,表示征求意見:
WhatamItosayiftheyaskmethequestion?用于被動語態(tài),具有情態(tài)意義:Theregulationsaretobeobserved.Heistoberewardedforhisbrilliantdiscoveries.表示命令、決定、勸告、意愿、禁止等:
Themanisguiltyandistoundergotenmonths’imprisonment.(決定)
Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouaretosucceed.(愿望)可用主動形式表被動:
Agreatdealisyettodo.(很多事情還要去做.)Littleremainstodo.(幾乎沒有什么要做的.)Sheistoblame.(她應該受到譴責.)
3.賓語(動詞賓語,介詞賓語)
1)作單賓語
Weregret____youthatmaterialsyouorderedareoutofstock.
A.informingB.toinformC.havinginformedD.tohaveinformed
Key:B(我們遺憾的通知你,你所訂購的材料沒有現(xiàn)貨)
Mr.Johnsonpreferred____heavierworktodo.A.tobegivenB.tobegivingC.tohavegivenD.havinggiven
Key:A
約翰先生寧愿被分配較重的工作去做。能夠以不定式作單賓語的動詞分類:
1)接不定式不接動名詞的動詞:同意、拒絕、決心、試圖、希望、要求
afforddarehoperefuseagreedecidelearnresolve
(決心)aim(打算)demandlongseekarrangedesire
manage
threatenaskdetermine
offer
volunteerbegexpectplanwantcarefailpreparewishchoosefearpretendclaimhelppromise2)接不定式或接動名詞的動詞(與動名詞比較)可以互換:
attempt(多接不定式)
(can’t)bearbeginbotherceasecommence(開始)continuehateintendlikeloveneglectomitpreferpropose(打算、建議)start不可以互換:
rememberforgetregret(后悔/遺憾、抱歉)mean(打算/意味著)goonstopneedwant(主觀上想要/客觀上需要)復合賓語:在consider,feel,find,make,regard,think等動詞后作復合賓語中的賓語時,通常需要先行詞作形式賓語。翻譯:我覺得學好英語很難。Ifeel/thinkthattolearnEnglishwellisverhard.IfindithardtolearnEnglishwell.Weconsideritagreathonortobeinvited.Imakeitarule_________(keep)recordsoneveryexperiment.tokeep不定式作介詞賓語:常見于except,but的賓語。如果句中的except或but之前有實義動詞do的任何形式,則省to。翻譯:除了做飯他什么都能做。Hecandoeverythingexceptcook.Hewantednothingbuttostaythere.“Ithoughtyouhadplannedtopracticepianotoday.”“Ididnothingbut___lettersallday.”A.towriteB.writeC.writingD.wroteB4.不定式作定語:被修飾詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的施動關系(主謂)
1)Hisnextbooktoappearthismonthwillbepopular.2)In1938PearlS.BuckbecamethefirstAmericanwoman___theNobelPrizeforLiterature.
A.receiveB.receivedC.toreceiveD.shereceived
3)Theapplicants___________________(interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.
(被動式,受動關系。)Ctobeinterviewed被修飾詞與不定式之間有邏輯上的受動關系
1.
Ihavesomeletterstomail.2.Doyoulikesomethingtodrink?3.Everyonehadanapplicationforminhishand,butnooneknewwhichofficeroom____.A.tosendittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.tohaveitsend4.I’vegotaloafofbread;nowI’mlookingforaknife________(cut)itwith.
tocutitwithaknife
用刀切
haveaknifecut
把刀切了Atocut有時被修飾的名詞為其后不定式短語中介詞的賓語,此時的介詞是必不可少的。Therewerenochairtositon.Hedoesn'thavearoomtolivein.Theboy’sfatherboughthimalargetoytrain_____.A.toplaywithB.toplaywithitC.whichtoplaywithD.atwhichtoplayA被修飾的名詞與常接不定式的動詞同源:Ihavenowishtomakeacomplaint.(Idon’twishtomakeacomplaint.)Heexpressedhisintentiontoresign.(Heintendedtoresign.)類似的詞:attempt-attempt,decision-decide,determination-determine,failure-fail,need-need,promise-promise翻譯:他承諾過今晚要來參加舞會的。Hemadeapromise
tojoinintheballtonight.Hepromisedtojoinintheballtonight.被修飾的名詞與常接不定式的形容詞同源:Hehastheabilitytodothework.(Heisabletodothework.)Icouldseehereagernesstoseeyou.(Shewaseagertoseeyou.)Oneofthekeys
tothesurvivalofanyanimalistheabilityadapts
tochangesintheenvironment.
Key:toadapt類似的詞:determination-determined,anxiety-anxious,willingness-willing不定式作某些抽象名詞的定語:Ihadneverhadtheopportunitytolearntoplaythepiano.Theyfoundawaytospendlessmoneyonelectricity.Hehadeveryreasontocomplain.Thetraditionalapproach___withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.
A.todealingB.indealingC.dealingD.todealKey:D(介詞to后往往接名詞或名詞詞組)“介詞+關系代詞+不定式”作定語Theycouldn’tgetthematerialwithwhichtobuildtheirhome.(=thematerialtobuildtheirhomewith)Irespecttheprofessortowhomtointroduceher.(=theprofessortointroduceherto)Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds___hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.
A.tobebasedonBtobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobaseKey:D(這位教授找不到充分的證據讓自己贊同這種新理論。)不定式作狀語:
1)目的狀語
1.
____ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree.
A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming2.Iadvisethemtowithdraw____.A.soastogetnotinvolvedB.soasnottogetinvolvedC.sothatnottogetinvolvedD.asnottogetinvolvedAB結果狀語:
1)在too+a./ad.之后:
Therabbitrantooquicklytobeovertakenbythefox.Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.(我很樂意幫你)
當(only)too后面的形容詞為apt(易于…),eager,easy,pleased,ready等時,too…to結構表示肯定,too相當于very。
2)在a./ad.+enough之后:
I’moldenoughtomakeupmyownmind.
Somemoleculesarelargeenoughtobeseenundertheelectronicmicroscope.so+a./ad.+as
Hebehavedsofoolishlyas
tomakemethinkhehadlosthissenses.ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly____.A.noticedB.tobenoticed
C.beingnoticedD.tonoticesuch…as結構
Hiskindnesswassuchastomakeallofuslovehim.Hecan’thavedonesuchaterriblethingastokeep
youwaitingforsolong.被only修飾的不定式(短語)作結果狀語Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhisbrotherhadleft.Hesurvivedthecrashonlytodieinthedesert.Atlastsheleftherhouseandgottotheairport,only___theplaneflyingaway.
A.havingseenB.tohaveseenC.sawD.tosee其他形式:Helivedtobeeighty.Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.WhathaveIdonetomakeyousoangry?方式狀語(asif/asthough引導)Heopenedhismouthasiftospeak.Shestoodupasiftoleave.Christiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedaway,asthough___outoftheoffice.A.wentB.goneC.togoD.wouldgo6.
不定式作補語6.1帶to不定式作賓補表示思維活動的動詞后:consider,find,believe,expect,hold,think,etc.Weconsiderhertobeourfriend.Ibelievehimtohavegoneabroad.Youcanfindthequestions______________(answer)onpage31.Thestudentsexpectedthere____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.A.isB.beingC.havebeenD.tobetobeansweredD在表示請求、允許、命令等動詞后Amembershipcardauthorizes___theclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodof12months.A.theholderusingB.thehold’suseC.theholdertouseD.theholderusesBecauseoftherecentaccident,ourparentsforbidmybrotherandmefromswimmingintheriverunlesssomeoneagreestowatchoverus.Key:C;toswim建議,請求,要求:advise,ask,beg,command,invite,request,require,允許,讓,迫使:allow,enable,get,force,permit,compel,challenge,promise,oblige,leave(委托,讓)指示、命令:direct,instruct,order,command,lead,tell,choose,assign,cause,愿望,期待,鼓勵:wish,expect,encourage,urge,prefer,inspire,promote,mean,stimulate,summon提醒,警告:remind,warn,阻止,勸告,說服:forbid,advise,persuade,convince打算,想要:mean,intend,want,need,打擾麻煩:trouble,給予,授權,批準:entitle,authorize改錯Hehopedhissistertolendhimahand.Hehopedthathissisterwouldlendhimahand.Hedemandedmetogiveupthechance.
HedemandedthatIgiveupthechance.Isuggesthimnottogotherealone.
Isuggestthathenotgotherealone.不帶to的不定式作賓補:感官動詞feel,hear,listen,lookat,notice,observe,overhear,see,watch等之后:Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudentsspeakwellofhim.在使役動詞have,let,make之后:Therearegoingtohavetheservicemaninstallanelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.不定式作主語補足語要求不定式作賓補的大部分動詞(have,let,notice,watch等除外)都可以作被動句中的謂語,這樣,主句中的賓補就成了被動句中的主補。
Theywerenotallowed
tocomein.Shewasseen
torunoutoftheroom.不定式在“主-動-that從句”的被動句中作主補:Thebanksisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday.(Itisreportedthatthebankshavebeenrobbed…)不定式在suppose,design等動詞的固定被動式中作主補:TheancientEgyptiansaresupposed
tohavesentrocketstothemoon.Thebackgroundmusicinanassemblylineisdesigned
nottobelistenedto.(裝配線里的背景音樂不是為了給人聽而設計的。)不定式作形容詞補語表原因:(fortunate,glad,happy,lucky)Shewasproudtobeinvitedtospeak.I’msorrytohearthat.在表示人的品格或智能特征的形容詞后,主語與不定式之間存在邏輯上的施動關系:Hewassillytodoso.(Itwassillyofhimtodoso)(brave,careful,clever,clumsy,courageous,generous,reasonable,sensible,wise)邏輯上的受動關系:agreeable(愉快的,愜意的)amusing,difficult,easy,hard,hopeless,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasantHeisdifficulttoteach.Yourquestionisimpossibletoanswer.(Itisimpossibletoansweryourquestion.)表示未來的趨勢、可能性、愿望:able,afraid,anxious,apt,bound,determined,eager,free,fit,inclined,keen,liable,likely,certain,sure,ready,reluctant,prone,welcome,willingTheyarelikelytolosetheelection.Areyousuretowinthegame?不定式作獨立成分:Totellthetruth,weknownothingaboutit.Tobeginwith,heistooyoungforthatposition.Ithappened,tobeexact,atfivepasttwo.[tobebrief,tobefrank,tobesure,toconclude,
todohimjustice(說句對他公道的話
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 二零二五年度智能家居產品銷售傭金返點協(xié)議書3篇
- 二零二五版租賃住宅租賃合同租金調整合同3篇
- 2024音視頻內容國際化制作與發(fā)行合同3篇
- 2025版人工智能投資合伙人合同范本2篇
- 2025年度房貸借款合同范本匯編與解析4篇
- 2025年度清潔能源項目投資與運營管理服務合同4篇
- 2025年度耕地保護與補償耕地指標出讓交易合同書3篇
- 二零二五白酒銷售顧問渠道維護與客戶關系合同2篇
- 2025年度智能家居窗簾控制系統(tǒng)采購合同8篇
- 二零二五年口腔疾病康復中心醫(yī)師聘用與康復服務合同2篇
- 拆遷評估機構選定方案
- 床旁超聲監(jiān)測胃殘余量
- 上海市松江區(qū)市級名校2025屆數學高一上期末達標檢測試題含解析
- 綜合實踐活動教案三上
- 《新能源汽車電氣設備構造與維修》項目三 新能源汽車照明與信號系統(tǒng)檢修
- 2024年新課標《義務教育數學課程標準》測試題(附含答案)
- 醫(yī)院培訓課件:《靜脈中等長度導管臨床應用專家共識》
- 趣味知識問答100道
- 中國國際大學生創(chuàng)新大賽與“挑戰(zhàn)杯”大學生創(chuàng)業(yè)計劃競賽(第十一章)大學生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)教程
- 鋼管豎向承載力表
- 2024年新北師大版八年級上冊物理全冊教學課件(新版教材)
評論
0/150
提交評論