新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練15 閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題(含解析)

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）15閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題【考試方向】細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實(shí)、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨栴}找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句．仔細(xì)品味，對(duì)照比較．確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法．將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。值得一提的是，有時(shí)原文中的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語，甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此需要我們?cè)陂喿x中特別仔細(xì)才能捕捉到真正有用的信息?！窘獯鸺记伞?.描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題描寫類細(xì)節(jié)題，常?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)文中有關(guān)人物動(dòng)作、思想感情、心理活動(dòng)、觀點(diǎn)，或事件的起因、發(fā)展、過程、結(jié)果等方面的理解。這類描寫信息往往較直接，一般不太需要考生對(duì)它們進(jìn)行較深入的理解，對(duì)于該類題，考生一般都可以較直接地從原文中找到與題目對(duì)應(yīng)的有關(guān)信息。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動(dòng)）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機(jī)）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.2.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】這是一篇議論文。主要講述了對(duì)彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》的評(píng)論，工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┰驇硎?，但失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個(gè)50歲生日聚會(huì)。這座橋禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預(yù)計(jì)將有5萬人到場(chǎng)。相反，多達(dá)80萬人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當(dāng)25萬人在橋上時(shí)，工程師們注意到了一個(gè)可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動(dòng)。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量超過了它的承受能力。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，雖然他承認(rèn)工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟切┫氤龌蛟O(shè)計(jì)它們的人只是把事情弄錯(cuò)了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時(shí)，由于一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建造的，所以裝置會(huì)失敗。或者，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是無害的改進(jìn)，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推測(cè)出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災(zāi)難都是由工程設(shè)計(jì)引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以看出，A項(xiàng)與此相呼應(yīng)，即失敗能帶來進(jìn)步，故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個(gè)故事是《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》一書中的一個(gè)，這本書既是對(duì)工程的一封情書，也是對(duì)其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本書里的內(nèi)容以及評(píng)價(jià)，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會(huì)遇到他們以前聽過的故事，還會(huì)遇到一些新的故事和關(guān)于工程師對(duì)公眾的責(zé)任以及如何幫助年輕工程師掌握它們的動(dòng)人討論。再結(jié)合最后一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以推測(cè)出，這些內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于這本書的評(píng)論，因?yàn)檫@篇文章是書評(píng)，故選C。2.信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題信息尋找題一般在應(yīng)用文體中較常見，體現(xiàn)于查字典、閱讀廣告、公告、演出海報(bào)、車船航班時(shí)間表等之中。這類閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能滿足各種人對(duì)信息的需求，但在高考試題中，常常是就某一方面提問，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀，因?yàn)椴牧现杏泻芏嗳哂酂o效信息。做此類題時(shí)，宜采用“題干定全法”。即：先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，有針對(duì)性地閱讀相關(guān)部分快速尋找有效信息。廣告是閱讀理解題常考的一種題材。廣告屬應(yīng)用文體。嚴(yán)格來說廣告屬快速尋找信息題。但是廣告有著其他快速尋找信息題不同的特點(diǎn)。廣告文體簡(jiǎn)潔明快，省略了大量的詞語，達(dá)到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同時(shí)具有語言精練，形象性、鼓動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的良好效果。廣告閱讀題多為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，關(guān)鍵在于正確理解廣告內(nèi)容?？忌仨毦邆漭^強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各種手段（如：補(bǔ)全、聯(lián)想、推測(cè)等）正確解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。通常運(yùn)用“補(bǔ)全成分法”和“聯(lián)想推測(cè)法”兩種方法來解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。做題方法同樣采用“題干定向法”。（1）補(bǔ)全成分法省略名在廣告體閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，可以說廣告閱讀理解材料中大多數(shù)句子都是省略句。我們應(yīng)結(jié)合全文語境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補(bǔ)全，從而更加準(zhǔn)確地理解。如：Driverwanted.根據(jù)文義，可將該句補(bǔ)充為：Adriverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司機(jī))。（2）聯(lián)想推測(cè)法在些廣告時(shí)間、日期、地點(diǎn)、電話、票價(jià)等用了縮略詞，甚至一概沒有提及，這就需要考生前后連貫，充分想象，整體理解。搜尋已知信息，推斷語篇意義。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.5.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.6.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.7.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.【答案】5.C6.B7.C【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)不同類型的夏令營的情況。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知從廣播到街頭藝術(shù)，這只是17個(gè)非常獨(dú)特的營地中的4個(gè)。由此可知，今年夏天巴利島有17個(gè)露營地。故選C。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在經(jīng)營好我們自己的新聞電臺(tái)的方方面面的同時(shí)，孩子們和他們的營員們將在每天晚上的晚餐時(shí)，為整個(gè)夏令營創(chuàng)作并主持播出一個(gè)廣播。由此可知，營員在廣播營會(huì)經(jīng)營一家新聞電臺(tái)。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知如果你的孩子喜歡呆在廚房里，那么烹飪夏令營絕對(duì)是最合適的選擇。露營者學(xué)習(xí)烘焙、油炸和切菜的技術(shù)技能，以及一些他們可以帶回家和家人分享的食譜。由此可知，CulinaryCamp會(huì)吸引對(duì)烹飪感興趣的孩子。故選C。3.數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題此類試題一般要求考生能根據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，找出計(jì)算關(guān)系，通過計(jì)算，得出正確的結(jié)論。這類計(jì)算一般來說比較簡(jiǎn)單，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計(jì)算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)較多、項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜用時(shí)間或空間跨度較大的短文，通常可采用“列表法”，即按一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出，化模糊為清晰，為計(jì)算打下基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于相對(duì)不太復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)，可采用“推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算就可得出。例如：…......Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400.故選B。4.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題此類試題要求根據(jù)短文中的描寫找出相應(yīng)的圖形，或根據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)的文字?？刹捎谩拔淖宙i定法”，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”鎖“圖”，迅速鎖定相關(guān)圖形，或用“圖形標(biāo)示法”，在圖形中標(biāo)出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，以便做題?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2015，四川卷）50.Thecardaboveis_________A.aticket B.apostcardC.aninvitation D.anadvertisement51.Thepartyisfor_________A.abirthdayB.theQueenC.beewatchingD.theNationalDay52.Accordingtothecard,ifyouareunabletogo,youcan.A.returnthecardB.visittheMuseumC.ignorethemessageD.contactAlice'smother【答案】50.C51.A52.D【解析】這是一張邀請(qǐng)函，是為了慶祝Alice的兩歲生日。50.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的wearethrowingaparty以及comebugwithus.可知，這是一張邀請(qǐng)函，故選擇C。51.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的Aliceisturning2，可知，是為了慶祝生日的，故選擇A。52.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的regretstotheQueenBeeat601-555-4111可知如果不能來，請(qǐng)打電話給媽媽，故選擇D。5.代詞指代題解題技能代詞指代題要求考生一定的上下文推測(cè)代詞的指代意義。此類題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較復(fù)雜的情況下使用的一種題型，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2016·新課標(biāo)卷III））OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSlidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.＂Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?＂theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.＂I’mfromMississippitoo.＂Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.＂TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,＂Weltysaid.＂Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.＂TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(團(tuán)聚).＂Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’＂Weltyadded.＂AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’＂Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.＂Idon’tmakethemup,＂shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.＂Idon’thaveto.＂Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty’speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.26.Theunderlinedword＂them＂inParagraph6referstoWelty’s_______.A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories【文章大意】文章介紹了一位女作家請(qǐng)紐約的朋友吃飯時(shí)發(fā)生的故事。Welty是一位年紀(jì)比較大的作家，她來自密西西比。Welty的作品都是來自于現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活。26.D【解析】畫線的them指代前面提到的人或物，根據(jù)＂Nowwebelieveyourstories＂可知，them指代的是Welty寫的小說里面的故事，聽了Welty和兩個(gè)陌生人的有關(guān)密西西比的談話之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小說里的故事都是來源于生活，故選D?！绢}型演練】1APakistanimanwhowasbornwithoutarmshasdevelopedintoahighlyskilledsnookerplayer.Inthegameofsnooker,playerstraditionallyuselongstickstohitcoloredballsintoholesattheendofatable.ButMuham-madIkramhaslearnedadifferentmethod.Heuseshischin(下巴)tohittheballsintotheholes.MuhammadIkramisoneofninechildren.Hedidnotreceiveaneducationandhisfamilyfacedstrugglesmeetingbasicneeds.Growingup,Ikramspentmuchofhistimewatchingpeopleplaysnooker,agamenoonedreamedhecouldeverplay.Hesayshedoesnotrememberexactlyhowtheideaofplayingstruckhim.Butatsomepoint,hestartedpracticingthegameinsecret.“Hewouldeagerlywatchotherboysplay.Hewouldkeepwishinghealsohadarmssohecouldplaylikethem,”saidhismother,RaziaBibi.“Thenhestartedusinghischin.”The32-year-oldlivesinSamundri,aruraltowninPakistan’sPunjabprovince.Hehasspenteightyearsperfectinghisgameandsaysheisnotafraidtotakeonanyplayers.“IhavemetverygoodsnookerplayerswhotellmeIamarealgeniusandIcanbringgreatfametoPakistan,”hetoldReutersTelevision.MianUsmanAhmedisco-owneroftheCuemasterSnookerClub.HesaysIkramwonseveralprizesinlocalcompetitionsoverthepasttwoyears.“Hewouldcometotheclubandaskifhecouldbeallowedtoplay.Wewouldlookathisarmsandfeelhewasunableto,”Ahmedsaid.“Heinsistedweallowhimtoprovehimself.Whenhedidthat,wesawhewasactuallyverygood.”Whenaskedwhathewouldsaytootherswithphysicaldisabilities,Ikramsaid,“Nooneshouldlosehope.”Headdedthathewouldonedayliketocompeteattheinternationallevel,hopefullywithgovernmentsupport.1.WhatpossiblycontributedtoIkram’sbecomingasnookerplayer?A.Theideaofsupportinghisfamily.B.Theencouragementfromhismother.C.Thehobbyofwatchingsnookergames.D.Thedesiretosetanexampletothedisabled.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutIkramfromPara.3?A.Hehasbroughtfametohiscountry.B.Hehaswonfirstprizeinlocalsnookergames.C.Hisskillsofplayingsnookerwerehighlythoughtof.D.Hismethodofplayingsnookershockedotherplayers.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeIkram?A.Kind-heartedandgifted. B.Inspiringanddetermined.C.Energeticandintelligent. D.Activeandoutgoing.4.WhatwasIkram’swish?A.Tobecomeaprofessionalsnookerplayer.B.Tocompeteininternationalsnookergames.C.Toreceiveeducationwithgovernmentsupport.D.Toopenasnookerclubdesignedforthedisabled.【答案】1.C2.C3.B4.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹Ikram用下巴練就了打臺(tái)球的高超技能。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Growingup,Ikramspentmuchofhistimewatchingpeopleplaysnooker,agamenoonedreamedhecouldeverplay.(在成長(zhǎng)過程中，伊克拉姆花了很多時(shí)間觀看人們打斯諾克，一種從未有人夢(mèng)想過他會(huì)玩的游戲)”可知，Ikram看斯諾克比賽的愛好促使他成為了斯諾克選手。故選C項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Whenhedidthat,wesawhewasactuallyverygood.(當(dāng)他做到這一點(diǎn)時(shí)，我們看到他實(shí)際上非常出色)”可知，Ikram打斯諾克的技巧受到高度評(píng)價(jià)。故選C項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““IhavemetverygoodsnookerplayerswhotellmeIamarealgeniusandIcanbringgreatfametoPakistan,”hetoldReutersTelevision.(“我遇到過非常優(yōu)秀的斯諾克選手，他們告訴我，我是一個(gè)真正的天才，我可以給巴基斯坦帶來巨大的聲譽(yù)，”他對(duì)路透社電視臺(tái)說)”可知，Ikram在打斯諾克上天賦異稟。故選B項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Headdedthathewouldonedayliketocompeteattheinternationallevel,hopefullywithgovernmentsupport.(他補(bǔ)充說，他希望有一天能參加國際比賽，希望能得到政府的支持)”可知，Ikram的愿望是參加國際斯諾克比賽。故選B項(xiàng)。2Vice-directorinEurope/DirectorUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurityDutyStation:Bonn,GermanyTheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)hasbeenathinktankforfairresearchonthepressingglobalproblemsofhumansurvival,conflictprevention,developmentandwelfare,forthepastfourdecades.UNUisre-cruitingaDirectorfortheUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurity(UNU-EHS)whowillmeanwhileserveasUNU’sVice-directorinEurope,dividinghis/hertimeequallybetweenbothpositions.TheInstitution:UNU-EHSaimstocarryoutresearchonrisksandadaptationrelatedtoglobalchange.TheInstitute’sresearchpromotespoliciesandprogrammestoreducetheserisks,whiletakingintoaccountthecon-nectionbetweenenvironmentalandsocietalfactors.Qualifications:TheDirectorshouldhaveacademicqualificationsthatlendtoUNU-EHSfameintheinter-nationalscholarlycommunity;guaranteescientificexcellence;andprovideleadershipandguidanceforactivitiesatUNU-EHSandUNU-ViE.Experience:Strongresearchbackgroundandpublicationsinareasrelatedtoaddressingrisksandsocietalchange.Demonstratedadministrationexperience.Successfulinfluencingofpolicymakers.Strongcontributionstoknowledgesharingcommunities.Stronginternationalfundraisingskillsandpastsuccessinsecuringsupportfrommultiplefunders.FluencyinEnglishisrequired.FluencyinGermanandofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNationsisdesira-ble.Applicationdeadline:12January2020Fulldetailsofthepositionandhowtoapply:https://unu.edu/about/hr5.What’stheaimoftheUNU?A.ProvidequalifiedgraduatesforUNorganizations.B.Researchfairwaystodealwithglobalproblems.C.Workoutpoliciesforgovernmentsandcountries.D.Lookintopositiveeffectofenvironmentalchanges.6.What’sthequalificationforthepostadvertised?A.Scientificexcellenceandleadershipabilities. B.GoodcommandofallUNofficiallanguages.C.Abilitiestopreventsocialregionalconflicts. D.AdequateknowledgeofUNUstructures.7.Whatkindofexperienceisrequiredforthepost?A.HavingtakenleadershipatUNU-EHSbefore.B.Havingorganizedresearchonalargepublicscale.C.Havingcontributedtosponsoringgovernmentevents.D.Havingsucceededraisingmoneyfromdifferentpeople.【答案】5.B6.A7.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國大學(xué)要招聘的主任崗位的相關(guān)信息。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)hasbeenathinktankforfairresearchonthepressingglobalproblemsofhumansurvival,conflictprevention,developmentandwelfare,forthepastfourdecades.(過去四十年來，聯(lián)合國大學(xué)一直是對(duì)人類生存、預(yù)防沖突、發(fā)展和福利等緊迫的全球問題進(jìn)行公平研究的智庫)”可知，聯(lián)合國大學(xué)的目標(biāo)是研究處理全球問題的公平方法。故選B項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Qualifications中“TheDirectorshouldhaveacademicqualificationsthatlendtoUNU-EHSfameintheinter-nationalscholarlycommunity;guaranteescientificexcellence;andprovideleadershipandguidanceforactivitiesatUNU-EHSandUNU-ViE.(主任應(yīng)具有使聯(lián)合國大學(xué)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)在國際學(xué)術(shù)界享有聲譽(yù)的學(xué)術(shù)資格；保證科學(xué)卓越；為UNU-EHS和UNU-ViE的活動(dòng)提供領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和指導(dǎo))”可知，文章中招聘的職位資格需要有科學(xué)素養(yǎng)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。故選A項(xiàng)。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Experience中“Strongresearchbackgroundandpublicationsinareasrelatedtoaddressingrisksandsocietalchange.Demonstratedadministrationexperience.Successfulinfluencingofpolicymakers.Strongcontributionstoknowledgesharingcommunities.Stronginternationalfundraisingskillsandpastsuccessinsecuringsupportfrommultiplefunders.(在應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和社會(huì)變化方面有豐富的研究背景和出版物。有行政管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)。政策制定者的有效影響力。為知識(shí)共享社區(qū)做出貢獻(xiàn)。強(qiáng)大的國際籌款技能和過去成功獲得多個(gè)資助者的支持)”可知，文章中的職位需要有成功地從不同的人那里籌款的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。3Inthefirsttermofcollege,ProfessorKellylecturedusinhisActing1classabouttheimportanceoftakingthebusinessofactingseriously.AsIpreparetotakeonmysenioryear,IthinkbackonthefirsttermandIconsidermyseriousnessandmylovefortheartoftheatre.I'mpleasedtosaythat,forthemostpart,mydeterminationremainsasstrongasever.EvenafterI'velearnedaboutthedifficultiesandtheheartbreakthatgowithworkingasanactor,Iknowthatitisstilltherightpathforme.SomethingProfessorKellysaidinthatfirstactingclasshasstuckwithmethroughtheselastthreeyears.Hesaid,"Everyactorchoosestoactfortheirownreasons—personallyIdoitbecauseIhaveto.Ihavetoperform.It'swholam."ForaslongasI'vebeenperforming,I'vewonderedhowtobestdescribewhyIdowhatIdo.ProfessorKellyansweredthatquestionformethatday.WhenIwaslittleandfirstimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketobearealactor,Iwouldimaginebeingknownaboutbymanypeoplesomeday.However,Ineveractuallywantedthat.Iactbecausenomatterwhatisgoingoninmylife，nomatterhowstressedIamwithwhat'shappeningoutsideoforduringpractices,whenI'monstage,I'mhomeandI'mme.Manyparentswillfeelworriedabouttheirchildren'schoosingtobeanactor.Somewillbesurprised.Myparentsarejustexceptions.TheyknewfromthestartthatnothingwasgoingtokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.8.WhatdidProfessorKelly'swordsmaketheauthorrealize?A.Shedidactingoutoflove. B.Shereallyhadagiftforacting.C.Shewouldfacemanychallenges. D.Shemustworkhardtolearnacting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?A.Imaginingbeinganactor. B.Beingonstage.C.Becomingfamousoneday. D.Beingdevotedtotheatre.10.Howdotheauthor'sparentsfeelaboutherchoice?A.Content. B.Sympathetic. C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.11.Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthetext?A.Whyshechoseacting. B.Whoinspiredhertoact.C.Howactingchangedherlife. D.Whatshelearnedaboutacting.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者以自己的表演求學(xué)經(jīng)歷告訴我們一個(gè)道理：你堅(jiān)守一個(gè)職業(yè)的初心就是成為你自己。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AsIpreparetotakeonmysenioryear,IthinkbackonthefirsttermandIconsidermyseriousnessandmylovefortheartoftheatre.”（當(dāng)我準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入大四的時(shí)候，我回想起第一學(xué)期，我意識(shí)到我對(duì)戲劇藝術(shù)的認(rèn)真和熱愛。）可知，Kelly教授的話讓作者意識(shí)到自己學(xué)表演是出于熱愛。故選A項(xiàng)。9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段劃線詞前句“Iwouldimaginebeingknownaboutbymanypeoplesomeday.”（我可以想象有一天會(huì)被很多人所了解。）可知，that指的是有一天變得有名。故選C項(xiàng)。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Myparentsarejustexceptions.TheyknewfromthestartthatnothingwasgoingtokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.”（我的父母只是例外。他們從一開始就知道沒有什么能阻止我做我喜歡的事情。）可知，作者父母對(duì)于自己的選擇持贊同態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)。11.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ForaslongasI'vebeenperforming,I'vewonderedhowtobestdescribewhyIdowhatIdo.ProfessorKellyansweredthatquestionformethatday.”（自從我開始表演以來，我一直想知道如何最好地描述我為什么要做我所做的事。Kelly教授那天為我回答了這個(gè)問題。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章作者講述的是她選擇表演的原因。故選A項(xiàng)。4Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."12.WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?A.Hismother'sexpectation.B.Histravellingexperiences.C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.13.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?A.Rentalfees.B.Localattractions.C.Accommodation.D.Transportation.14.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?A.Toenrichonlineresources.B.Torecordtravellingevents.C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.D.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.15.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.B.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，從小被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥的科里在媽媽的愛護(hù)下坐輪椅游覽了七大洲，他決定在博客上分享他的旅行知識(shí)，幫助其他殘疾旅行者像他一樣探索世界。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.”（桑迪（媽媽）在他童年的暑假里帶他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)他樹立了一個(gè)終生的目標(biāo)：游覽所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年時(shí)，媽媽帶他去公路旅行的經(jīng)歷讓他下定決心訪問所有七大洲。故選B項(xiàng)。13.推理判斷題。由第三段中的“AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.”（科里認(rèn)為，坐輪椅旅行需要進(jìn)行廣泛的規(guī)劃和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二個(gè)月開始他的研究，確保在這個(gè)地方有方便的交通選擇。），可知科里因?yàn)樯眢w原因