《國王的演講》中的文化要點課件

PlacesofinterestinLondonPlacesofinterestinLondon110DowningStreet10DowningStreet,colloquiallyknownintheUnitedKingdomas"Number10",istheheadquartersofHerMajesty'sGovernmentandtheofficialresidenceandofficeoftheFirstLordoftheTreasury,anofficenowinvariablyheldbythePrimeMinister.唐寧街（DowningStreet）位于英國首都倫敦的西敏內(nèi)，在過往200年來，都是重要內(nèi)閣官員，即英國首相，以及兼任第二財政大臣的財政大臣的官邸。唐寧街內(nèi)最有名的宅邸，相信非唐寧街10號莫屬，它以往是第一財政大臣的官邸，但自從此職與首相合并后，就成為首相官邸。，免受恐怖份子（尤其是愛爾蘭共和軍）的襲擊。在此以前，一般公眾是可以自由出入唐寧街，作為一條連接白廳和圣詹姆士公園的捷徑。大鐵閘至今仍沒有拆除，在2003年更進行了加固工程。10DowningStreet10DowningSt2StJames'sPalaceStJames'sPalace(sometimesincorrectlyspelledStJames'Palace)isoneofLondon'soldestpalaces.ItissituatedinPallMall,justnorthofStJames'sPark.Althoughnosovereignhasresidedthereforalmosttwocenturies,ithasremainedtheofficialresidenceoftheSovereignandthemostseniorroyalpalaceintheUK.ForthisreasonitgivesitsnametotheRoyalCourt(the"CourtofStJames's").ItistheceremonialgatheringplaceoftheAccessionCouncil,whichproclaimsanewsovereign.圣詹姆斯宮是英國君主的正式王宮，而且是所謂的theSeniorPalaceoftheSovereign，而外國派駐英國的大使和專員呈遞國書時，按禮節(jié)和傳統(tǒng)都是呈遞到圣詹姆斯宮的。這所王宮位于倫敦市中心的圣詹姆斯公園旁邊，距離白金漢宮不遠。與英國其他王宮不同的地方是，圣詹姆斯宮是以紅磚建造。它是英國皇室擁有的法定官邸，而且更屬于英國本土最高規(guī)格的王宮?；谶@個原因，它一直被皇室當(dāng)作重要的宮廷（RoyalCourt）使用。

2013年10月，英國當(dāng)?shù)貢r間16日宣布，威廉王子與妻子凱特的兒子劍橋喬治王子，將于23日下午在圣詹姆士宮的皇家教堂受洗。受洗儀式將由坎特伯瑞大主教主持，包括女王伊麗莎白二世、查爾斯王子等重要王室成員及凱特的家人出席。StJames'sPalaceStJames'sP3WestminsterAbbeyWestminsterAbbey,isalarge,mainlyGothic,churchintheCityofWestminster,London,locatedjusttothewestofthePalaceofWestminster.ItisoneofthemostnotablereligiousbuildingsintheUnitedKingdomandisthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteforEnglishand,later,Britishmonarchs.威斯敏斯特大教堂(WestminsterAbbey)坐落在英國倫敦議會廣場西南側(cè)，正式名稱為“圣彼得聯(lián)合教堂”。威斯敏斯特大教堂整座建筑既金碧輝煌，又靜謐肅穆，被認(rèn)為是英國哥特式建筑的杰作。既是英國國教的禮拜堂，又是歷代國王舉行加冕典禮、王室成員舉行婚禮的大禮堂，還是一個國葬陵墓。從11世紀(jì)勝利王威廉開始，除了愛德華五世和愛德華七世外，所有英王都在此加冕登基，當(dāng)今英女王伊麗莎白二世就是于1953年6月在威斯敏斯特大教堂里舉行加冕典禮的。WestminsterAbbeyWestminster4BuckinghamPalaceBuckinghamPalaceistheofficialLondonresidenceandprincipalworkplaceoftheBritishmonarch.LocatedintheCityofWestminster,thepalaceisasettingforstateoccasionsandroyalhospitality.IthasbeenafocusfortheBritishpeopleattimesofnationalrejoicing.白金漢宮位于倫敦威斯敏斯特城內(nèi)，是英國王室的王宮和居所。1703年由白金漢公爵所建而得名，最早稱白金漢屋。1761年轉(zhuǎn)賣給英國王室后，幾經(jīng)修繕，逐漸成為英國王宮。從1837年起，英國歷代國王都居住在這里。維多利亞女王是居住在這里的第一位君主。宮內(nèi)有典禮廳、音樂廳、宴會廳、畫廊等六百余間廳室，宮外有占地遼闊的御花園，花團錦簇。女王的重要國事活動都在該地舉行。來英進行國事訪問的國家元首也在宮內(nèi)下榻，王宮由身著禮服的皇家衛(wèi)隊守衛(wèi)。

BuckinghamPalaceBuckinghamPa5CulturalnotesCulturalnotes6PrimeministerduringWorldwarIandIIStanleyBaldwin（1908-1923）HewasaBritishConservativepolitician,whodominatedthegovernmentinhiscountrybetweenthetwoworldwars.ThreetimesPrimeMinister,heistheonlyonetoserveunderthreemonarchs(GeorgeV,EdwardVIIIandGeorgeVI).PrimeministerduringWorldwa7PrimeministerduringWorldwarIandIINEVILLECHAMBERLAINHewasaBritishConservativepoliticianwhoservedasPrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomfromMay1937toMay1940.Chamberlainisbestknownforhisappeasement（綏靖政策）foreignpolicy。HoweverwhenAdolfHitlercontinuedhisaggressionbyinvadingPoland,BritaindeclaredwaronGermanyon3September1939,andChamberlainledBritainthroughthefirsteightmonthsofWorldWarII.PrimeministerduringWorldwa8PrimeministerduringWorldwarIandIIWinstonChurchillHewasaBritishpoliticianwhowasthePrimeMinisteroftheUnitedKingdomfrom1940to1945andagainfrom1951to1955.Widelyregardedasoneofthegreatestwartimeleadersofthe20th

century,ChurchillwasalsoanofficerintheBritishArmy,ahistorian,awriter,andanartist.HeistheonlyBritishPrimeMinistertohavewontheNobelPrizeinLiterature,andwasthefirstpersontobemadeanhonorarycitizenoftheUnitedStates.PrimeministerduringWorldwa9GeorgeIIIoftheUnitedKingdomwasKingofGreatBritainandKingofIrelandfrom25October1760untiltheunionofthesetwocountrieson1January1801,afterwhichhewasKingoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelanduntilhisdeath.Inthelaterpartofhislife,GeorgeIIIsufferedfromrecurrent,andeventuallypermanent,mentalillness.GeorgeIIIoftheUnitedKingd10Albert,PrinceConsort（阿爾伯特親王）wasthehusbandofQueenVictoriaoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.HewasbornintheSaxonduchyofSaxe-Coburg-SaalfeldtoafamilyconnectedtomanyofEurope‘srulingmonarchs.Attheageof20hemarriedhisfirstcousin,QueenVictoria,withwhomhewouldultimatelyhaveninechildren.Atfirst,Albertfeltconstrainedbyhispositionasconsort,whichdidnotconferanypowerordutiesuponhim.Overtimeheadoptedmanypubliccauses,suchaseducationalreformandaworldwideabolitioofslavery,andtookontheresponsibilitiesofrunningtheQueen’shousehold,estatesandoffice.HewasheavilyinvolvedwiththeorganisationoftheGreatExhibitionof1851.AlbertaidedinthedevelopmentofBritain‘sconstitutionalmonarchybypersuadinghiswifetoshowlesspartisanshipinherdealingswithParliament阿爾伯特親王(1819-1861)PrinceAlbert維多利亞女王的表弟和丈夫，一個統(tǒng)治英國20年而沒有名分的國王，他的出現(xiàn)和死亡如流星劃過黑暗的夜空一樣，改變著英國和歐洲王室的軌跡。Albert,PrinceConsort（阿爾伯特親王11Pandora'sboxPandora‘sboxisanartifactinGreekmythology,takenfromthemythofPandora’screationinHesiod‘sWorksandDays.The“box”wasactuallyalargejargiventoPandora，whichcontainedalltheevilsoftheworld.Todaythephrase"toopenPandora'sbox"meanstoperformanactionthatmayseemsmallorinnocent,butthatturnsouttohaveseverelydetrimentalandfar-reachingconsequences.Pandora'sboxPandora‘sboxis12Coronation(加冕禮)coronationisaceremonymarkingtheformalinvestiture（授權(quán)）ofamonarch（君主）and/ortheirconsortwithregalpower,usuallyinvolvingtheritualplacementofacrownuponhisorherheadandthepresentationofotheritemsofregalia（徽章）.Theceremonymayincludethetakingofspecialvowsbythemonarch,actsofhomagebythenewruler‘ssubjectsandtheperformanceofotherritualdeedsofspecialsignificancetotheparticularnation.Onceavitalritualamongtheworld’smonarchies,coronationshavechangedovertimeforavarietyofsocio-politicalandreligiousfactors;mostmodernmonarchieshavedispensedwiththemaltogether,preferringsimplerenthronement（即位）,investitureorbenediction（恩賜）ceremonies.CoronationsarestillobservedintheUnitedKingdom,Tonga（湯加）andseveralAsiancountries.Incommonusagetodaycoronationnormallyreferstotheofficialinvestitureorenthronementofthemonarch,whetherornotanactualcrownisbestowed（授予）.Coronation(加冕禮)coronationisa13StEdward'sChairKingEdward'sChair,sometimesknownasorTheCoronationChair,isthethroneonwhichtheBritishmonarchsitsforthecoronation.Itwascommissionedin1296byKingEdwardItocontainthecoronationstoneofScotland—knownastheStoneofScone—whichhehadcapturedfromtheScotswhohadkeptitatSconeAbbey.ThechairwasnamedafterEdwardtheConfessor,andwaskeptinhisshrineofatWestminsterAbbey.StEdward'sChairKingEdward's14圣愛德華寶座亦稱加冕椅，為英國皇室國王為加冕用途的寶座，于1296年由愛德華一世委托制造。寶座下方放置著斯昆石，當(dāng)年由他作為戰(zhàn)利品從蘇格蘭帶回英格蘭。直到1996年11月15日，英國內(nèi)政部將斯昆石交還給蘇格蘭方面，由其帶回愛丁堡城堡。每次舉行加冕儀式時，需要將斯昆石運回放在寶座下。圣愛德華寶座上一次舉行加冕儀式是在1953年6月2