備戰(zhàn)2021年高三英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一遍過(guò)考點(diǎn)14動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（含解析）

考點(diǎn)14動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)高三頻度：★★★★★【命題解讀】動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是歷年高三的重點(diǎn)，也是高三的必考點(diǎn)。高三主要以語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)等形式對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)這一考點(diǎn)進(jìn)展考察，動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中是必考點(diǎn)。【命題預(yù)測(cè)】估計(jì)2021年高三語(yǔ)態(tài)仍將是高三考察的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)所在，考察形式仍以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)題型為主，極可能會(huì)與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其他的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)展考察?！緶亓?xí)建議】掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變；掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊構(gòu)造形式；掌握不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況；掌握主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的情況。知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)序號(hào)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成序號(hào)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/areasked6過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)was/werebeingasked2一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/wereasked7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeenasked3一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbeasked8過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeenasked4過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)should/wouldbeasked9將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/wouldhavebeenasked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)am/is/arebeingasked10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/maybeasked考前須知被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否認(rèn)式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加99，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定構(gòu)造begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer. 夏天不應(yīng)該種樹(shù)。

Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates. 這個(gè)男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑。Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl. 報(bào)紙過(guò)去常被小女孩送到這里。漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)構(gòu)造表示。如：Itisbelievedthat… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat… Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat… Itmustbepointedoutthat… Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat… Itmustbeadmittedthat… Itishopedthat…下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing. Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon'tshut./Theplaywon'tact. Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面詞或短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等考向一被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的根本時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be+過(guò)去分詞組成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變而轉(zhuǎn)變。以do為例，各類時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：體時(shí)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)展is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone//完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊構(gòu)造形式

〔1〕帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)構(gòu)造。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞。Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.〔2〕有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變成主語(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變成主語(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改成Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.〔3〕當(dāng)＂動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)＂構(gòu)造變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)構(gòu)造中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改成Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.〔4〕在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get和感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中不定式to要省略，但變成被動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí)，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改成Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.〔5〕有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如＂動(dòng)詞＋介詞＂，＂動(dòng)詞＋副詞＂等，也可以用于被動(dòng)構(gòu)造，但要把它們看做一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.〔2021?北京卷?單項(xiàng)填空〕Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrapping B.havebeentrappedC.weretrapping D.hadbeentrapped【答案】D〔2021?天津卷?單項(xiàng)填空〕Mywashingmachinethisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.A.wasrepaired B.isrepairedC.isbeingrepaired D.hasbeenrepaired【答案】C【解析】考察時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這周我的洗衣機(jī)正在修，所以我不能不手洗衣服。按照后句soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.可知，洗衣機(jī)正在修，故用此刻進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。應(yīng)選C?！?021?北京卷?單項(xiàng)填空〕Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones yet.A.haven’tinvented B.haven’tbeeninventedhadn’tinventedhadn’tbeeninventedhadn’tinventedhadn’tbeeninventedA.proved B.provesA.proved B.proves【答案】D〔2021?天津卷?單項(xiàng)填空〕Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.A.regard B.isregardedC.areregarded D.regards【答案】B【解析】句意:此刻騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被以為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。按照動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)regard...as…（把……看做……）和句意肯定應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語(yǔ)alongwith連接的三個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。應(yīng)選B。5.〔2021?新課標(biāo)I卷?語(yǔ)法填空〕Whenfatandsalt64（remove）fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.【答案】areremoved【解析】考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat,salt和move之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們?nèi)サ?，所以用被?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填areremoved。考向二不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況：1.〔1〕所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！?〕表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等?！?〕表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belongto等?！?〕表示"希望、用意"的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等?！?〕賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或彼此代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？枷蛉鲃?dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況：〔1〕系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表構(gòu)造中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?！?〕當(dāng)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；〔3〕當(dāng)breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等動(dòng)詞詞組表示"發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時(shí)；〔4〕want,require,need后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義?！?〕beworthdoing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義?！?〕在”be+形容詞+todo”中，不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)。另外：betoblame（受譴責(zé)），betorent〔出租〕也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。Astimewenton,Einstein’stheory tobecorrect.D.wasprovedC.isprovedD.wasproved【答案】A【巧學(xué)妙記】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)記憶口訣

一般現(xiàn)、過(guò)用bedone,be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變。完成時(shí)態(tài)havedone，被動(dòng)將been加中間。一般將來(lái)shall(will)do，被動(dòng)變do為bedone。將來(lái)進(jìn)展無(wú)被動(dòng)，shall(will)bedoing?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展同，have(has)beendoing?，F(xiàn)、過(guò)進(jìn)展bedoing，被動(dòng)be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語(yǔ)變。否認(rèn)助后加not，疑問(wèn)一助置主前。主語(yǔ)恰是疑問(wèn)詞，直陳語(yǔ)序主在前。一般情助加bedone,雙賓多將間賓變。

復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)賓變主，賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)相應(yīng)變。注釋：①"be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變”即be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。②”情助”是指情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞must，may，can，shall，will等一律隨新主語(yǔ)(多是主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ))來(lái)變化。③”疑問(wèn)一助置主前”是說(shuō)有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的話，應(yīng)把主語(yǔ)放在第一助動(dòng)詞之后或把第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。題組一根底過(guò)關(guān)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完成以下句子Don’tbenervous,andtheywilltellyouwheretosit.—Don'tbenervous,andyouwheretositbythem.PeoplereferstoCaliforniaastheGoldenState.—California astheGoldenStatebypeople.Inordertostoptheairpollution,thegovernmenthavetakenalotofmeasures.—Alotofmeasures bythegovernmentinordertostoptheairpollution.Wearediscussinghowtospendthesummerholidaysnow.—Howtospendthesummerholidays now.MissLicanmakeherclasslivelyandinteresting,soherstudentsrespecther.A.aretasted B.weretastedA.aretasted B.weretasted—MissLicanmakeherclasslivelyandinteresting,soshebyherstudents.Twowhaleshave (wash)uponthebeach.Tomwascaughtsmokinginschool,andhe (punish)forit.Ifyouleavetheclub,you (notallow)backin.題組二能力提升.單項(xiàng)填空gotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuit .A.hasruined B.hadruinedC.hadbeenruined D.hasbeenruined.Nowalltheemployeesexceptthemanager toworkonlineathome.A.encourages B.encourageC.isencouraged D.areencouraged.He everywhereformaterialsandfinallyhiseffortspaidoff.Themedicine tobeveryeffective.A.looked;wasproved B.explored;wasprovedC.sought;hasproved D.hunted;wasproving.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgettotellyou.Thenewmachine .A.istesting B.wasbeingtestedC.isbeingtested D.hasbeentested.TheplanforXionganNewArea officiallyonApril1,2021.A.announced B.wasannouncedC.announces D.isannounced6.Ann acertificateattheendoftheprogramtoshowshehaslearnedcomputerskills.A.willgive B.willbegivenC.gave D.wasgiven.MartinLutherKingdemandedthatpeopleofallraces .A.wereequallytreated B.shouldtreatequallyC.beequallytreated D.aregivingequalrights.Differenttypesofteas byskilledtea-tastersbeforeappearingintheTeaTradeCentre.C.tastedD.havetastedC.tasted.—Doyouthinkhecanwintheprizefortherace?—Impossiblenow.He todoso,buthehasjusthadhisrightleghurt.A.hasexpected B.isexpectedC.wouldexpect D.wasexpected.Today,theforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust downtoomanytrees.A.stoptocut B.stopfromcuttingC.bestoppedtocut D.bestoppedfromcutting.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinahasonceagainprovedits1(able)tochangetheworldwiththe“newfourgreatinventions"：high-speedrailways，electronicpayments，sharedbicyclesandonlineshopping.They'rerelatedtoChina'shigh-techinnovation(創(chuàng)新)， 2hasimprovedthequalityofpeople'slives,accordingtoasurvey3(make)bytheBeltandRoadResearchInstituteofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.“Mywalletisnolongerinuse.IcanbuyandeatwhateverIwantsimplywithafingertiponmyphone,"said4universitystudent,addingthat“evenpancakesellersareusingmobilepayment".Thebikes5(them)arenotnew,buttheoperatingmodelofbike-sharing6(base)onsatellitenavigationsystem,mobilepayment,bigdataandotherhightechnologies.Chinahasenteredanewinnovativeera,thankstothelargeamountsofcapitalChinahasinvestedin 7 (encourage)innovation,saidBernhardSchwartlander,WHORepresentativeinChina.8isincreasinglyclearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingWesternideas.Thisis 9 (especial)trueinmobile,whereChinaisleadinginmanywayssuchas…socialmessagingappWeChat,shesaid.ThisispartlybecauseChinaskippedoverthePCeraandwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasthe10(large)mobileuseintheworld.題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.〔2021?江蘇卷.單項(xiàng)填空〕Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan inthepasttwoyears.A.hadbeencarriedout B.wouldbecarriedoutC.isbeingcarriedout D.hasbeencarriedout〔2021?新課標(biāo)II卷?語(yǔ)法填空〕Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen

〔fairly〕(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.〔2021?新課標(biāo)III卷?語(yǔ)法填空〕Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.〔2021?北京卷?單項(xiàng)填空〕Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts withsuccessintheend.A.rewarded B.wererewardedC.willreward D.willberewarded.〔2021?江蘇卷.單項(xiàng)填空〕Moreefforts,asreported, intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupply-sidestructuralreform.A.aremade B.willbemadeC.arebeingmade D.havebeenmade.〔2021?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I?語(yǔ)法填空〕Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch,I62 〔allow〕togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre..〔2021?上海卷?語(yǔ)法填空〕Inrecentyears,stress(33)(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness..〔2021?四川卷.語(yǔ)法填空〕Thegiantpanda41(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.題組一根底過(guò)關(guān)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完成以下句子1.willbetold4.isbeingdiscussed7.waspunished1.willbetold4.isbeingdiscussed7.waspunished題組二能力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空2.isreferredto5.isrespected8.willnotbeallowed3.havebeentaken6.beenwashed【解析】考察動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我在回家的路上淋了雨，新衣服被毀了。mysuit與ruin的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；從題意可知，我的衣服是過(guò)去弄濕了，此刻仍是濕的，用此刻完成時(shí)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)mynewsuit是第三人稱單數(shù)。應(yīng)選D?！窘馕觥靠疾鞎r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：目前，除領(lǐng)導(dǎo)外，所有的員工都被鼓勵(lì)可以在家里在網(wǎng)上工作。主語(yǔ)是alltheemployees,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；與encourage之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。應(yīng)選D。【解析】考察時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：——這個(gè)噪音是什么？——我忘記告知你了。新的洗衣機(jī)正在被檢測(cè)。按照問(wèn)句“What'sthatnoise?〃可知，新的機(jī)械正在被檢測(cè)。所以，本句要用此刻進(jìn)展時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。應(yīng)選C?！窘馕觥靠疾鞎r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是TheplanforXionganNewArea,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞announce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是2021年4月1號(hào)，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！窘馕觥靠疾鞎r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在這個(gè)工程完畢的時(shí)候，將會(huì)給Ann一個(gè)證書以說(shuō)明她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)。由句意可知，Ann和give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“給她證書〃是這個(gè)工程完畢時(shí)才會(huì)發(fā)生的事，故要用未來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。故B選項(xiàng)正確。【解析】考察虛擬語(yǔ)氣和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：馬丁路德金要求所有種族的人被平等對(duì)待。demand后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo,should可以省略，而且peopleofallraces和treat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)選C。【解析】考察時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在出此刻茶葉交易中心之前，不同類型的茶葉被品茶師品嘗。teas和taste是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且這句話表示客觀事實(shí)，用一般此刻時(shí)。應(yīng)選A?！窘馕觥靠疾靹?dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞的用法。stopsb.fromdoingsth.是固定用法，意為“阻止某人做某事〃；又因主語(yǔ)People和stop之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)選D。II.語(yǔ)法填空【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講了中國(guó)正用“新的四大創(chuàng)造〞來(lái)改變世界。ability【解析】考察名詞。作proved的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞，所以填ability。which【解析】考察非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。2hasimprovedthequalityofpeople'slives,作定語(yǔ)，修飾China'shigh-techinnovation（創(chuàng)新），且有逗