2021屆高三畢業(yè)班高考模擬聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

絕密★啟用前

遼寧省“決勝新高考?名校交流”

2021屆高三畢業(yè)班下學(xué)期3月高考模擬聯(lián)考卷

英語試題

（解析版）

2021年3月

注意事項：

1.本試題卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。

2.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置。

3.全部答案在答題卡上完成,答在本試題卷上無效。

4.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號

涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。

5.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩巧滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標(biāo)卷試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上

的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出

最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一

小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C,￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.WhatisthemangoingtobuyforJarsmin?

A.ABarbie.B.Atypewriter.C.Anoldartwork.

2.Howmuchdidthemanpayintheend?

A.$300.B.$600,C.$900

3.Whatdoesthewomanreallymean?

A.Nocompetitorsgetinjured.

B.Somecompetitorsaregivingup.

C.CompetitorswiIIgotothefinaldespitedifficulties.

4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttogivetheman?

A.Acoat.B.Abook.C.Somefruits.

5.Whichsubjectdoesthemanwanttochangeto?

A-Chinese.B.Painting.C.Businesscommunication.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三

個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小

題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6,7題。

6.Whichcarhasgotitsbackdamaged?

A.Thewhitecar.B.ThebIackcar.CTheredcar.

7.WhatwiIIthespeakersprobabIydonext?

A.CaIItheambuIance.B.Turntothepolice.C.Taketheinjured

tothehospital.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.What*stheprobabIerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.CoIIeagues.B.Auntandnephew.C.Classmates.

9.What'stheweatherIikeinSydneythistimeofyear?

A.Verycold.B.Verysunny.C.VerycooI.

10.WhatwiIIthemandoinSydney?

A.VisitMary.B.Staywithhisaunt.C.CeIebratetheNewYear.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whatkindofplaneticketdoesthewomanwant?

A.Firstclass.B.Businessclass.C.EconomycIass.

12.WhendoesthewomanplantoIeaveforSydney?

A.At7：15.B.At6：00.C.At4：45.

13.HowwiIIthewomanpayforhertickets?

A.BypayingatonceonIine.

B.Bypayingatthecheck-indesk.

C.Byturningtoapersontopayatonce.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Whosebirthdayisittoday?

A.Tony's.B.Helen's.C.Jack's.

15.HowdoesthemanfindthismodeIpIane?

A.TerribIe.B.Cheap.C.WonderfuI.

16.WheredoestheconversationprobabIytakepIace?

A.AtTony'shouse.B.IntheoldStreetMarket.C.Inabookstore.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhendidHip-Hopstart?

A.Inthe2000s.B.Inthe1990s.C.Inthe1970s.

18.WhatwastheproblemoftheyouthinNewYorktomakemusic?

A.Theycouldn'taffordexpensiveinstruments.

B.TheywerenotalwayssopopuIar.

CTheyweretoobusytopractice.

19.WhatisspeciaIaboutthebreakdancing?

A.ItiseasytoIearn.B.ItwasIikefightingatfirst.C.Itisnow

abigbusiness.

20.WhatdoesthespeakermainlytaIkabout?

A.Thebirthoftwopopcultures.

B.Thecharacteroftwopopcultures.

C.ThedeveIopmentoftwopopcultures.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Differentfromatext-heavynoveI,coffeetablebooksofferIargeimages

andsmaIIersectionsoftext,allowingustoeasilydiveinandexplore.

TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt：MasterpiecePaintingsbyKathrynCalley

GaIitz

Ifyou*reunabIetowanderalongthecorridorsofthisworId-famous

museumyourseIf,don'tpanic：thisbookoffersanimpressiveinsightinto

someofthemasterpieceshousedhere.AmazingimageswiIIattractthecasuaI

reader,whileinsightsfromGaIitz,curator（館長）ofthemuseum,into

differentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryIoversalike.

DestinationsofaLifetime：225oftheWorId'sMostAmazingPlaces

byNationaIGeographic

Withlarge,strikingphotos,amereglancethroughthisbookwiIIfueI

theurgetotraveI.BesidesafewofthehotpIaces,thereareplentyof

destinationsyoumaynothaveheardof.Alongsideimagesofdramatic

Iandscapes,accompanyingtextreveaIshighIightsateachspotandhandy

tipsonexperiencingthemIikeaIocaI.

SecretGardenersbyVictoriaSummerley

WhenthinkingofsomeofBritain'smostfamousnames,theirbusy,

jet-setIifestylesprobabIyspringtomind.But,awayfromthepubIiceye,

theseindividuaIsarejustIikeus,andlovenothingmorethanspending

hoursintheirgardens.Thepagesofthisbeautifulbooksharefantastic

imagesfromthegardensof25weII-knownpersonalities.

TheStoryofFood：AnIIIustratedHistoryofEverythingWeEatbyDK

TheoriginsandfactsofdifferentingredientsareincIudedinthisbook,

aIongwithexpIorationsintothedeveIopmentofcookingovertheages.The

bookismoretextheavy,butdon'tletthatputyouoff：therearestill

plentyofbeautifuIphotosandvividiIIustrationsthroughout.

1.WhichofthefollowingbooksincIudesopinionsfromanexpert?

A.SecretGardeners.B.TheStoryofFood,

C.DestinationsofaLifetime.D.TheMetropolitanMuseumof

Art.

2.WhatdoesVictoriawriteabout?

A.HistoryofcookingB.TipsontraveIingcheapIy.

C.Lifestylesofpersonalities.D.PrivategardensinBritain.

3.WhatmakesTheStoryofFooddifferent?

A.Itcontainsbiggersectionsofwords.

B.Itprovidesdatapeopleneverheardof.

C.ItappeaIstocasuaIreadersandspecialists.

D.ItsharesfantasticimagesbyweII-knownpeople.

【答案】1.D2,D3.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四本適合休閑時光閱讀的書籍。

[1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt：MasterpiecePaintingsby

KathrynCalleyGalitz中最后一句"AmazingimageswiIIattractthecasuaI

reader,whileinsightsfromGalitz,curator（館長）ofthemuseum,into

differentpiecesaresettoengageartandhistoryloversalike.（令人

驚嘆的圖片將吸引普通讀者，而博物館館長Galitz的見解，不同的作品設(shè)置吸引

藝術(shù)和歷史愛好者。）”可知，TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt這本書有專家的

觀點。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SecretGardenersbyVictoriaSummerIey中最后一句uThe

pagesofthisbeautifuIbooksharefantasticimagesfromthegardensof

25weII-knownpersonalities.（這本美麗的書分享了來自25位名人花園的奇妙

圖片。）”可知，Victoria在書中介紹了英國的一些私家花園。故選D。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thebookismoretextheavy,butdon'tIetthat

putyouoff：therearestillplentyofbeautifuIphotosandvivid

iIlustrationsthroughout.（這本書有更多的文字內(nèi)容，但不要讓這些影響到你：

全書仍然有很多漂亮的照片和生動的插圖。可知，TheStoryofFood這本書

特別之處在于，這本書的文字內(nèi)容特別豐富。故選A。

B

FewpeoplereaIizethatittakesthearmyofvoIunteersforoneyoung

chiIdtohaveahaIf-hourridingIesson.IvoIunteeratVaIIeyTherapeutic

EquestrianAssociation（VTEA）inAldergrove.B.C.,closetothe

WashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyof

voIunteers-approximateIyeighty-totakecareofadozenhorsesandheIp

witheightyormorechiIdrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,

andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeach

horsemustbepreparedtwicedaily….TheIistisendIess.

Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromoutside,

attimessinkingintoinchesofbIack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.

UsuaIIy,twovoIunteersgroom（刷洗梳毛）thehorseandputonthespeciaI

saddIe.ThentheyIeadthehorsetowheretheIessontakespIace.There,

onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuaIlytwowaIkalongsideforsafety,

oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddIed,

cleanedandfed.

YetsomanypeopIewiIIinglygivetheirtime-becausethechiIdrenneed

us.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechiIdrenhavevaryingdegreesof

mentaIdisabiIities.SomehaveseverephysicaIhandicaps（殘疾）.Riding

strengthenstheirmuseIesandbones,enabIingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfuI

ThroughoutmypastIifeasanaccountant,businessauthorandspeaker,

Ivolunteeredonmanylevelsandinmanyorganizations.However,aterribIe

motor-vehicIeaccidentchangedmyIifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwas

hit—aswasmyheadcausingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoaccept

anew"me"andheroften-frustratingIimitations,untiIIdiscoveredthat

IneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.I'dlovedhorsesfrom

chiIdhood,andworkingwiththemandwiththechiIdrenhasheIpedturnmy

Iifearound,makingmewarmfromtheinsideout.Thejourneybackhasbeen

painfuIbutworthwhiIe.Now,fourteenyearsIater,Iamadifferent,more

simpIifiedperson.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A.HorsesforridingIessonsarecaredforcarefully.

B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchiIdrenmanybenefits.

C.VoIunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridingIesson.

D.DisabledchiIdrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.

5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoIuntaryworkinVTEA?

A.RiskyandthriIIing.B.TiringbutworthwhiIe.

C.Funnyandenjoyable.D.Demandingbutfruitless.

6.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.

B.VoIunteeringhasbroughtherawin-winresult.

C.She'sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.

D.Shewasn*tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.

7.WhatcouIdbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HelpingChiIdreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjury

C.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:Toughest

Lessons

【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C

【解析】

這是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重車禍后造成腦部損傷，通過志愿者工作，

照顧馬，幫助孩子們騎馬，給作者帶來溫暖，讓作者找回了自己。

【4題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段!,Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobring

itinfromoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofbIack,stickymudduring

thewintermonths.UsuaIIy,twovoIunteersgroom（刷洗梳毛）thehorseand

putonthespeciaIsaddIe.ThentheyIeadthehorsetowheretheIesson

takespIace.There,onevoIunteerIeadsthehorse,andusuaIIytwowaIk

aIongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturned

tothebarn,unsaddIed,cIeanedandfed.（為了讓馬做好騎行的準(zhǔn)備，必須

有人從外面把它帶進(jìn)來，在冬天的幾個月里，有時會陷進(jìn)幾英寸深的黑色粘稠的

泥巴里。通常情況下，兩名志愿者會給馬梳理馬匹，然后套上特制的馬鞍。然后

他們把馬牽到上課的地方。在那里，一個志愿者牽著馬，為了安全，通常兩個人

并排走，兩邊各一個。然后必須把馬放回馬廄，脫去馬鞍，清洗干凈并喂飽）”可

知，為了騎馬課程，志愿者有很多工作要做，故選C。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyof

voIunteers-approximateIyeighty-totakecareofadozenhorsesandheIp

witheightyormorechiIdrenduringtheweek.ThereisaIargebarntocIean,

andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeach

horsemustbepreparedtwicedaily....TheIistisendIess.（一周中，

要照顧十幾匹馬，照顧八十多個孩子，需要幾個帶薪工作人員和一群大約八十個

的志愿者。有一個大的馬廄要清理，干草網(wǎng)和水桶要刷和填充。每匹馬的特定飼

料必須每天準(zhǔn)備兩次。這樣的事不勝枚舉）”可知，志愿者工作是很辛苦，很累的。

再根據(jù)第三段中uRidingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enabIingthem

toenjoyamorefruitfulIife.（騎馬能增強(qiáng)他們的肌肉和骨骼,使他們能享

受更豐富的生活）”可知，騎馬給這些身體有殘疾的孩子帶來了積極的影響，他的

志愿者工作是值得的，故選B。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"I'dlovedhorsesfromchiIdhood,andworking

withthemandwiththechiIdrenhasheIpedturnmyIifearound,makingme

warmfromtheinsideout.（我從小就喜歡馬，和它們一起工作，和孩子們一起

工作，幫助我扭轉(zhuǎn)了生活，讓我從里到外感到溫暖）”可知，這份志愿者的工作不

僅能幫助到孩子們，而且讓作者車禍后無論是心態(tài)還是生活上都有了積極的改變，

所以，志愿者工作帶來了“雙贏”的結(jié)果，故選B。

7題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中"Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbut

worthwhiIe.Now,fourteenyearsIater,Iamadifferent,moresimpIified

person.（回歸的旅程是痛苦的，但也是值得的。14年后的今天，我變成了一個不

同的，更簡單的人）”可知，是志愿者工作讓作者在車禍后接受了自己，找回了自

己，志愿者工作對作者的意義重大。文章前面的段落都是圍繞著車禍后作者的志

愿者工作展開，介紹了具體的工作以及意義，所以，選項C“志愿者工作：回歸之

旅”，符合文章主旨，是最合適的標(biāo)題，故選C。

C

Menhunted.Womengathered.ThathasIongbeenthecommonviewofour

prehistoricancestors.Butthediscoveryofawomanburied9000yearsago

intheAndesMountainswithweaponsandhuntingtooIs,andananalysisof

otherburiaIsitesintheAmericaschaIIengesthiswidelyaccepteddivision

ofIaborinhunter-gatherersociety.

"Laborpracticesamongrecenthunter-gatherersocietiesarehighly

gendered,whichmightIeadsometobeIievethatsexistinequaIitiesin

thingsIikepayorrankaresomehow'naturaI',"saidIeadstudyauthor

RandyHaas,anassistantprofessorofanthropology（人類學(xué)）atUniversity

ofCaIifornia,Davis,inanewsrelease."Butit'snowclearthatsexuaI

divisionoflaborwasfundamentaIIydifferent-1ikelymoreequaIand

reasonable-inourspeciesdeephunter-gathererpast.M

TheburiaIsitewasdiscoveredin2018duringexcavations（發(fā)掘）ata

high-altitudesitecalledWiIamayaPatjxainwhatisnowPeru.Thewoman,

thoughttobebetween17and19yearsoldwhenshedied,wasburiedwith

itemsthatsuggestedshehuntedbig-gameanimals.

AlthoughsomeschoIarshavesuggestedaroIeforwomeninancient

hunting,othershavedismissedthisideaevenwhenhuntingtooIswere

uncoveredinfemaIeburiaIs.Toexaminewhetherthiswomanfoundatthis

sitewasanoutIier,theresearchersexamined429skeletons（骷髏）at107

buriaIssitesinNorthandSouthAmericaaround8000to14000yearsago.

Ofthose,27individuaIswereburiedwithhuntingtooIs-11werefemaIe

and15weremale.Thesamplewassufficientto"supporttheconeIusionthat

femaIeparticipationinearIybig-gamehuntingwasIikelynotunusuaI

Thefindingsaddtodoubtsaboutman——thehunterassumptionthat

informedmuchthinkingaboutearlyhumanssineethemid-20thcentury."They

suggesthuntingwasverymuchacommunity-basedactivity,needingthe

participationofaIIabIe-bodiedindividuaIstodriveIargeanimalsJ,,the

papersaid.Theweaponofchoiceatthattimehadlowaccuracy,encouraging

broadparticipation,andusingitwasaskilllearnedfromchiIdhood.

8.WhatdoestherecentburiaIsiteatAndesMountainsshow?

A.TheoriginofsexuaIinequality.

B.Huntingskillsofancienttimes.

C.ThesociaIsystemofprehistorichunters.

D.Jobdivisionofhunter-gatherersociety.

9.WhichofthefollowingmightRandyHaasagreewith?

A.GenderpIaysnopartinrecenthunter-gatherersociety.

B.SexistinequalityisanaturaIresultofprehistoricsociety.

C.AncientdivisionofIabormightbefairerthanwe'dthought.

D.PubIicideasofwomen'srolewillbechangedabruptly.

10.WhatdoestheunderIinedword"outIier"inParagraph4mean?

A.Exception.B.FaiIure.

C.RolemodeI.D.Easytarget.

11.Whatmightmakeprehistorichuntingacommunity-basedactivity?

A.LackofabIe-bodiedindividuals.

B.Imperfectioninhuntingweapons.

C.Betteraccuracyoffemalesinhunting.

D.Needforlargeanimalsasfoodsource.

【答案】8.D9,C10.A11.B

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了考古學(xué)家在南美的安第斯山脈中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座有著

9000年歷史的女性狩獵者的墓葬挑戰(zhàn)了傳統(tǒng)的男士打獵，女人采集的勞動分工的

觀念。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butthediscoveryofawomanburied9000years

agointheAndesMountainswithweaponsandhuntingtooIs,andananalysis

ofotherburiaIsitesintheAmericaschailengesthiswidelyaccepted

divisionofIaborinhunter-gatherersociety.（但是，在安第斯山脈發(fā)現(xiàn)了

一名9000年前埋葬的婦女有武器和打獵工具，并對美洲其他埋葬地點進(jìn)行了分析,

這對狩獵采集社會中這種被廣泛接受的勞動分工提出了挑戰(zhàn)）”可知，在安第斯山

脈發(fā)現(xiàn)的這些埋葬點挑戰(zhàn)了狩獵采集社會中的勞動分工，也就是表明了我們所沒

有想到的狩獵采集社會中的勞動分工。故選D。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butit'snowcIearthatsexuaIdivisionofIabor

wasfundamentallydifferent-IikelymoreequaIandreasonable-inour

speciesdeephunter-gathererpast.（但現(xiàn)在很清楚，在我們的狩獵-采集歷史

中，性別分工有著根本的不同，可能更為平等和合理）”可知,RandyHaas認(rèn)為古代

的勞動分工可能比我們想的更公平,故選Co

【10題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Toexaminewhetherthiswomanfoundatthissite

wasanoutIier,theresearchersexamined429skeletons（骷髏）at107buriaIs

sitesinNorthandSouthAmericaaround8000to14000yearsago.Ofthose,

27individualswereburiedwithhuntingtooIs-11werefemaIeand15were

maIe.ThesampIewassufficientto"supporttheconeIusionthatfemaIe

participationinearIybig-gamehuntingwasIikelynotunusuaI（為了

檢驗在這一地點發(fā)現(xiàn)的這名婦女是否是一個outlier,研究人員調(diào)查了8000年至

14000年前北美和南美107個墓葬地點的429具骨骼。其中,27人和狩獵工具一起

被埋葬,其中11人是女性,15人是男性。這一樣本足以“支持女性參與早期大型

狩獵活動可能并不罕見的結(jié)論"）"可知,研究者研究了不同歷史時期，很多不同地

方的大量墓葬，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多女性是狩獵者，同時表明了女性參與早期大型狩獵活動可

能并不罕見,所以這也檢驗這位狩獵的女性不是一個例外,故選Ao

[11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theweaponofchoiceatthattimehadlow

accuracy,encouragingbroadparticipation,andusingitwasaskiIIlearned

fromchildhood.（當(dāng)時選擇的武器準(zhǔn)確度低,鼓勵廣泛參與，使用它是從小就要學(xué)

的技能）”可知,狩獵武器的不完善,所以就鼓勵大家廣泛參與，也就使史前的狩獵

活動以群體為基礎(chǔ)，故選B。

D

SeIectivebreeding,aIsoknownasartificialseIection,isaprocess

usedbyhumanstodevelopneworganismswithdesirabIetraits.Itcanbe

usedtoproducetastierfruitsandvegetables,cropswithgreater

resistancetopests,andIargeranimalsthatcanbeusedformeat.

PerhapstheearIiestexampIeofseiectivebreedingisthedomesticdog.

ScientistsbeIievethatthedomesticdogevoIvedfromthewiIdgraywolf,

andthroughartificialselection,humanswereabIetocreatehundredsof

differentdogbreeds.Aspeopledomesticatedandbreddogs,theyfavored

specifictraits,IikesizeorintelIigence,forcertaintasks,suchas

hunting,shepherding,orcompanionship.Asaresult,manydogbreedsvastly

differinappearance,auniquephenomenonintheanimalworId,asdifferent

breedsofasinglespeciesgeneraIlyIookIikeeachother.TheChihuahua

andtheDalmatian,forinstance,arebothdogs,yettheysharefewphysical

features.

SeIectivebreedinghasaIsobeenpracticedinagricuItureforthousands

ofyears.Almosteveryfruitandvegetableeatentodayisaproductof

artificialseIection.BypickingoutwiIdcabbagepIantswithspecific

characteristics,farmerswereabletocreateavarietyofvegetablesfrom

asinglesource,eachwithdifferingfIavors.Broccoli,forexampIe,was

developedfromwiIdcabbagepIantsthathadn'tenoughfIowerdevelopment

whilekalecamefromBrassicaoleraceawithlargerIeaves.

CornisanunusuaIproductofseIectivebreeding.Unlikerice,wheat,

andcabbage,whichhavecIearancestors,thereisnowiIdpIantthatlooks

Iikecorn.TheearIiestrecordsofcornindicatethatthepIantwas

developedinsouthernMexico6,000■—10,000yearsagofromagrasscalled

teosinte.ScientistsbeIievethatearIyMexicanfarmersseIectedonIythe

IargestandtastiestseedsofteosinteforpIanting.ThisprocessaIIowed

MexicanstodevelopcornveryquickIy,assmaIIchangesintheplant's

geneticmakeuphaddramaticeffectsonthegrain'stasteandsize.

WithoutseIectivebreeding,manyoftheplantsandanimalsonearth

todaywouIdnotexist.However,everycoinhastwosides.

12.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?

A.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.B.Addsomebackground

information.

C.Providescientificdataforreaders.D.Explainascientificstudy

method.

13ChihuahuaandDaImatianarementionedtoshow

A.selectivebreedingisverysuccessfuI

B.selectivebreedingleadstobiodiversity

C.selectivebreedingbringsdifferenceinappearance

D.selectivebreedingmightbringaboutnewspecies

14.WhatisspeciaIaboutcornasaproductofseIectivebreeding?

A.Ithasgeneticmakeupoppositetoteosinte.B.ItistheearIiest

plantdevelopedbyMexicans.

C.Ithasn'tanancestorinMotherNature.D.ItsharesfewphysicaI

simiIaritieswithitsancestors.

15.Whatmightbediscussedintheparagraphsfollowingthelastone?

A.MoreexampIesofselectivebreeding.B.DisadvantagesofseIective

breeding.

C.Influenceofselectivebreedingonspecies.D.Comparisonbetween

naturaIandselectivebreeding.

【答案】12.A13.C14.D15,B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了選擇性育種，又稱人工選擇，是人類用

來培育具有理想性狀的新生物的過程。它可以用來生產(chǎn)更美味的水果和蔬菜,具有

更強(qiáng)抗蟲害能力的作物,以及可以用作肉類的大型動物。介紹了選擇性育種的一些

例子和這項技術(shù)的應(yīng)用情況。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段uSelectivebreeding,aIsoknownasartificial

seIection,isaprocessusedbyhumanstodeveIopneworganismswith

desirabIetraits.Itcanbeusedtoproducetastierfruitsandvegetables,

cropswithgreaterresistancetopests,andIargeranimalsthatcanbeused

formeat.（選擇性育種，又稱人工選擇，是人類用來培育具有理想性狀的新生物的

過程。它可以用來生產(chǎn)更美味的水果和蔬菜，具有更強(qiáng)抗蟲害能力的作物，以及可

以用作肉類的大型動物）”結(jié)合后文主要說明了選擇性育種的一些例子和應(yīng)用，可

推知,在第一段中作者想要引入一個新的話題進(jìn)行討論。故選A。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asaresult,manydogbreedsvastIydifferin

appearance,auniquephenomenonintheanimalworId,asdifferentbreeds

ofasinglespeciesgenerallyIookIikeeachother.TheChihuahuaandthe

DaImatian,forinstance,arebothdogs,yettheysharefewphysicaIfeatures.

（因此,許多品種的狗在外觀上有很大的差異,這在動物世界是一個獨(dú)特的現(xiàn)象，因

為同一族類的不同品種通?？雌饋肀舜讼嗨?。例如,Chihuahua和Dalmatian都是

狗，但它們的身體特征很少相同）”可推知,提到Chihuahua和Dalmatian是為了表

明選擇性育種帶來的不同的外觀。故選C。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“CornisanunusuaIproductofseIective

breeding.Uniikerice,wheat,andcabbage,whichhavecIearancestors,

thereisnowiIdpIantthatIooksIikecorn.TheearIiestrecordsofcorn

indicatethatthepIantwasdeveIopedinsouthernMexico6,000—10,000

yearsagofromagrasscalledteosinte.（玉米是一種不尋常的選擇性育種產(chǎn)

品。不像有明確祖先的水稻、小麥和卷心菜，沒有看起來像玉米的野生植物。最早

的玉米記錄表明,這種植物是在6000年到10000年前在墨西哥南部由一種叫大芻

草的草發(fā)展而來的）”可知,玉米作為一種選擇性育種的產(chǎn)品的特別之處是它和它

的祖先在外觀上幾乎沒有相似之處。故選D。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"WithoutseIectivebreeding,manyofthepIants

andanimalsonearthtodaywouIdnotexist.However,everycoinhastwo

sides.（如果沒有選擇性育種，今天地球上的許多植物和動物就不會存在。然而，任

何事物都有兩面性?？赏浦?，在接下來的段落中可能討論選擇性育種的缺點。

故選Bo

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為

多余選項。

PersonaIdevelopmentdoesn'tjusthappen.16SeIf-deveIopment

requireshardwork,devotionanda