高一英語-定語從句講解及練習(xí)

who指人：在定語從句中作主語或賓語。whom指人：在定語從句中作賓語。whose可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。that可指人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語.which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可修飾整個主句。as可指物,在從句中作主語或賓語.也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,修飾整個主句。關(guān)系代詞:第一頁第二頁，共28頁。典型錯誤Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveit

tome.(×)Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveme.(√)無論是關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，都在定語從句中取代了先行詞，因此，先行詞在定語從句中不復(fù)出現(xiàn)。第二頁第三頁，共28頁。限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關(guān)系密切（刪去后影響整個句子意義的表達）和先行詞關(guān)系不密切（是一種補充說明，刪掉后不影響整個意思的表達。）不用逗號分開一般使用逗號分開可用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)不可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)可以省略（that,who,which在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語時可以省略）不可以省略可以替代（whom作賓語時，可用who或that替代）不能替代只可以修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分修飾整個文句或文句的一部分，此時定語從句前有逗號分開，只能由which或as引導(dǎo)第三頁第四頁，共28頁。兩種定語從句在意義上的區(qū)別Intheirclassesthereare15studentswhocanspeakEnglishwell.Intheirclassesthereare15students,whocanspeakEnglishwell.ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.不止１５個學(xué)生只有１５個學(xué)生不止兩個，其余的可能不當(dāng)兵只有兩個，都是解放軍第四頁第五頁，共28頁。１．先行詞是one,anyone,those,he時宜用who.Anyone

whobreaksthelawshallbepunished.Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease.２．在非限制性定語從句中Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.（一）．只用who的情況第五頁第六頁，共28頁。３．當(dāng)先行詞與定語從句被其他詞所分隔時Imetaforeignerinthestreetyesterday

whocouldaskmequestionsinChinese.４．在therebe開頭的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.５．一句中有兩個定語從句，前一個定語從句的關(guān)系詞是that，另一個只用who．Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.第六頁第七頁，共28頁。（二）只用that的情況１．當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little，或當(dāng)先行詞被every,any,some,no,little,few,much等詞修飾時．Isthereanyquestionthattroublesyoumuch?２．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級,theonly,thevery,thelast等詞修飾時．Isthisthefirsttimethatyouhavecometoourcity?Limingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.第七頁第八頁，共28頁。３．當(dāng)先行詞是由人和物構(gòu)成的名詞詞組時．Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?４．主句是以who,which開頭的疑問句或先行詞是疑問代詞who時:Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?5.當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作be表語時Shanghaiisnolonger

thecitythatitusedtobe.6．注意：that只能用在限制性定語從句中，非限制性定語從句中永遠不用that，介詞后也不能跟that．第八頁第九頁，共28頁。（三）whose的使用whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語，后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞．Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair.thefacesofwhomtheleavesofwhich第九頁第十頁，共28頁。（四）只用which的情況１．非限制性定語從句中只用which，不用that．Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.２．關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞或介詞短語之后，只能用which或whom，不能用that．Thisisthehotelin

whichyouwillstay.Thisisthehotelwhich/thatyouwillstayin.第十頁第十一頁，共28頁。Tips1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時,關(guān)系代詞可省略.eg.Thisisthehouse____________Ivisited.2.what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句;且what=allthatIwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.=IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.which/that/不用3.oneof+pl.n.+關(guān)系代詞+動詞復(fù)數(shù)the(only)oneof+pl.n.+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動詞TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildings_________(draw)lotsofvisitors.Titanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmovies___________(havebe)producedinHollywood.thatdrawthathasbeen第十一頁第十二頁，共28頁。Exercise

11.Icanstillrememberthesittingroomin_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.2.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.3.Finallythethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.4.Wevisitedafactory__________makestoysforchildren.5.Theman__________youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine.whichwhosethatthat/whichwho(m)/that作…的賓語第十二頁第十三頁，共28頁。6.Pleasepassmethedictionary_____coverisblack.7.Mr.Whiteisoneoftheforeignexperts_________areworkinginChina.8.Isthisthemuseum__________youvisitedtheotherday?9.Thisistheworkerwith____myfatherworked.10.Togetthejobstarted,all____Ineedisyourpermission.whosewho/thatthat/whichwhomthat第十三頁第十四頁，共28頁。Exercise11.Isthisthefactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone2.Isthisfactory___youhavebeentolastyear?A.whichB.inwhichC.whereD.theone3.IsMr.Smiththeperson__youknowthis?A.thatB.whomC.fromwhomD.bywhom4.Iattendedthemeetingtheimportance__Ididnotrealizeatthattime.A.whoB.ofwhichC.whichD.itsADCB第十四頁第十五頁，共28頁。5.What’sthat___flashedintheskyjustnow?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.as6.Thisbookis____I’mlookingfor.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.one7.Thisisthemostinterestingone___Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.ofwhichD.inthat8.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose___intheforest.A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrew D.oncegrewABBC第十五頁第十六頁，共28頁。關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能使用范圍when(=during/in/onwhich)表示時間的名詞作時間狀語限制性和非限制性定語從句where(=in/atwhich)表示地點的名詞作地點狀語限制性和非限制性定語從句why(=forwhich)reason作原因狀語限制性定語從句第十六頁第十七頁，共28頁。that/which和whenDoyourememberthedayswhenwefirstspenttogether?()Doyourememberthedayswhich/thatwefirstspenttogether?()×√析：先行詞是表示時間的名詞，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是用關(guān)系代詞”that/which”還是關(guān)系副詞”when”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語還是時間狀語。在這句中先行詞theday在定語從句中作spent的賓語，因此要用that/which第十七頁第十八頁，共28頁。that/which與whereI’llneverforgettheschoolwherewevisitedlastSunday.()I’llneverforgettheschool(that/which)wevisitedlastSunday.()×√析：先行詞是表示地點的名詞，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是用關(guān)系代詞”that/which”還是關(guān)系副詞”where”，取決于該先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語還是地點狀語。在這句中先行詞theschool在定語從句中作visited的賓語，因此要用that/which.第十八頁第十九頁，共28頁。that/which與whyTellmethereason____youarelate.Isthisthereason_____hetoldyou?whythat先行詞是reason時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞that／which還是關(guān)系副詞why，取決于該先行詞在從句中的成分。句１中reason在從句中作原因狀語，句２中reason在從句中作tell的賓語。第十九頁第二十頁，共28頁。“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”１．介詞的選擇：一般介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配．Thepersonto

whomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.２．含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動詞的后面．因此不能使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)．如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof.Isthisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor?

Isthisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking?(×)第二十頁第二十一頁，共28頁。Exercises2

1.Doyoustillremembertheday__wefirstcametoTibet?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2.Isthisthecompany__allemployeesaretreatedwell?A.thatB.whichC.inthatD.where3.ThissummerI’llreturntothesmallvillage__Igrewup.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when4.Isthatthereason___youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereCDBA第二十一頁第二十二頁，共28頁。5.Thedoctorsandnursesdidall__theycouldtohelpthose__wereinfectedwithSARS.A.which;whichB.that;whyC.that;whoD.what;who6.Istherearestaurantaround__wecanhavesomethingtoeat?A.whereB.thatC.whatD.why7.Wecametotheplace__theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.towhereB.towhichC.thatD.when8.Heoftenhelpsthestudents__hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whenC.whoD.whereCABC第二十二頁第二十三頁，共28頁。As,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句aswhich例句引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后引導(dǎo)的定語從句，只能放在主句之后Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,Edisoninventedthetelephone.=Edisoninventedthetelephone,asisknowntoall.意為“正如……”后面的謂語動詞多是see,know,expectsay,mention,report等意為“這一點”第二十三頁第二十四頁，共28頁。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句：(1)such+名詞/so+形容詞+名詞+as…“像……一樣的”、“像……之類”

thesame+名詞+as… “和……同樣的”Suchpeopleasyoudescribearethoughttobefoolsnowadays.(as作賓語)Heisnotthes