新牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊Unit3單元知識梳理

八年級上冊Unit3單元知識梳理Welcometotheunit1.needtoexerciseandkeepfit需要鍛煉來保持健康〈知識鏈接〉⑴keepfit,keephealthy,stayhealthy保持健康⑵need作名詞時(shí)，構(gòu)成短語inneed。作行為動詞時(shí)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接不定式或動名詞；當(dāng)主語和它后面的動詞之間有一種被動關(guān)系時(shí)，使用needdoing或needtobedone。作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)無人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形。①Weshouldhelppeopleinneed.②Heneedstostudyhard.③Alotofhomeworkneedsfinishing.＝Alotofhomeworkneedstobefinished.2.comeon(命令句)快，快點(diǎn)吧；走吧；跟我來；好啦好啦；這邊來吧〈知識鏈接〉Comeon!We’llbelateforschool.快點(diǎn)！我們上學(xué)要遲到了。3.Let’senjoyourselves!〈知識鏈接〉⑴enjoyoneself＝haveagoodtime玩得高興,過得愉快，反身代詞與主語保持一致。⑵Let’sdosth.,shallwe?除此以外的祈使句，無論是肯定式還是否定式，附加疑問部分一律用willyou。e.g.①Don’tbelateagain,willyou?②Openthedoor,willyou?③Letusgohome,willyou?4.sitinalittlecoffeeshopbytheRiverSeine坐在塞納河畔的一個(gè)小咖啡店里〈知識鏈接〉⑴coffeehouse咖啡店；茶館，coffeeshop咖啡店⑵by…在…旁邊(比near近)Comeandwarmyourselfbythefire.過來烤烤火。5.takecare保重；當(dāng)心，小心〈知識鏈接〉⑴take(good)careof…＝lookafter…well(好好)照顧…⑵lookout當(dāng)心→lookoutof向…外看⑶becareful小心→becarefulof/with…珍視；注意Pleasebecarefulofyourhealth.請注意你的健康。6.abeautifulbuildingwithabiggardenandmanytrees介詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞。7.interestingplaces＝placesofinterest有趣的地方；名勝(注意此處的interest無復(fù)數(shù))〈知識鏈接〉這里interest解釋為“令人感興趣的事或人”。interest還表示“興趣”，常用的短語有：show/haveinterestinsth對…某事感興趣，show/haveinterestindoingsth對…做某事感興趣①Danielshows/hasgreatinterestincomputers.②Danielshows/hasgreatinterestinmakinghisownhomepage.Reading1.invitemetojointheirschooltriptotheWorldPark邀請我參加她們學(xué)校組織的去世界公園的旅行〈知識鏈接〉⑴invitesbto…邀請某人去某地→sbbeinvitedto…某人應(yīng)邀去某地，Millieinvitedmetoherbirthdayparty.→IwasinvitedtoMillie’sbirthdayparty.⑵invitesbtodosth邀請某人做某事→sbbeinvitedtodosth某人應(yīng)邀做某事，Weshouldinvitemorepeopletotakepartinthecharityshow.＝Morepeopleshouldbeinvitedtotakepartinthecharityshow.⑶join參加，加入某組織，如政黨、社會團(tuán)體等。joinsb,joinsbinsth指和某人一起做某事。joinin…＝takepartin…參加某活動，attend出席。試比較：Hejoinedthetennisclub.Themanjoinedthearmyattheageof19.Hejoinedinthegame.Didyoutakepartinyourschoolsportsmeeting?⑤We’regoingtoplanttrees.Willyoujoinus?⑥Hejoinedusinthegame.2.atthebeginning開始；起初〈知識鏈接〉⑴atthebeginning＝inthebeginning＝atfirst＝atthestart開始；起初(See8Ap42)⑵atlast,finally,intheend后來；最后；終于，與上述短語“開始，起初”意思相反。〈用法拓展〉⑴atthebeginningof…在…之初(后接時(shí)間)→attheendof…在…末尾，在…的盡頭(后接時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))注意：沒有inthebeginningof…,intheendof…⑵frombeginningtoend自始至終；從頭到尾。注意：該短語不含定冠詞the。⑶beginwith…＝startwith…先做…；以…開始e.g.Let’sbeginwithExercise1.⑷表示“啟程”、機(jī)器的“啟動”只能用start。Let’sstartat6:00a.m.tomorrow.⑸Wellbegunishalfdone.良好的開端是成功的一半。3.getonacoach上長途汽車〈知識鏈接〉geton…/getoff…上、下(車、船等)，e.g.geton/getofftheplane上、下飛機(jī)4.alotoftraffic＝heavytraffic＝busytraffic交通擁擠，作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。5.feelsick感到難受，感到惡心〈知識鏈接〉⑴feelill感到不好受，fallill病倒⑵feelgood指身體健康或精神振奮，feelwell僅指沒有生病e.g.①I’mnotfeelingsogood.CanIhavethedayoff?我感覺不大好。我今天能否休息？②Hedidn’tfeelwellaftertheoperation.他在這次手術(shù)之后，感覺身體不好。6.arriveattheWorldPark到達(dá)世界公園〈知識鏈接〉“到達(dá)”有三種表達(dá)，即：getto＋某地，arriveat＋小地方，arrivein＋大地方，reach＋某地。getto，arriveat/in后接地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)不能用介詞，常用的地點(diǎn)副詞有here,there,home。如：get/arrivehere/there/home到這里/到那里/到家。7.bemadeofmetal由金屬制成〈知識鏈接〉⑴bemadeof…由…制成，強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成的成品上還能看得出原材料，物理變化。Thedeskismadeofwood.這張桌子是木制的。⑵bemadefrom…由…制成，表示從成品上已經(jīng)看不出原材料,化學(xué)變化。Wineismadeofgrapes.葡萄酒是葡萄釀成的。⑶bemadeupof…由…組成，由…構(gòu)成，指各個(gè)部分組成整體。Ourclassismadeupof54students.我們班由54名學(xué)生組成。⑷bemadein…在某地制造NOKIAmobilephonesaremadeinBeijing.8.goandseeforyourself親自去看看〈知識鏈接〉foroneself親自，byoneself＝onone’sown＝alone獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)—Didshefinditoutforherself?—Yes.Shediditallbyherself.Grammar1.luckn.運(yùn)氣，常用于①Goodlucktosb.祝某人好運(yùn)。②Goodluckwithsth.某事好運(yùn)。luck→luckyadj.幸運(yùn)的，e.g.aluckydog幸運(yùn)兒lucky→luckily幸好，幸運(yùn)地，幸運(yùn)的是，常用于句首。Herhandbagwasstolenonherwaybackhome.(luck),shehadn’tputherkeysinit.2.keeptheirsecrettothemselves保守著他們的這個(gè)秘密〈知識鏈接〉⑴keepsthtooneself不將某事說出去e.g.①Shealwayskeepsherideastoherself.②Theproblemofstressgetsworsewhenpeoplekeeptheirworriestothemselves.⑵keepsecretsforsb為某人保密，e.g.Thankyousomuchforkeepingthesecretforme.3.as...as的用法as...as意為"和……一樣"，表示同級的比較。使用時(shí)要注意第一個(gè)as為副詞，第二個(gè)as為連詞。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+

adj./

adv.

+as。例如：(1)This

film

is

as

interesting

as

that

one.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。

(2)Your

pen

writes

as

smoothly

as

mine.你的鋼筆書寫起來和我的一樣流暢。其否定式為not

as/so

+adj./

adv.

+as。例如：

This

dictionary

is

not

as/so

useful

as

you

think.這本字典不如你想象的那樣有用。

若有修飾成分，如twice,

three

times,

等，則須置于第一個(gè)as之前。例如：

Your

bag

is

twice

as

expensive

as

mine.你的袋子比我的貴一倍。幾個(gè)關(guān)于as...as的常見句型：

(1)as...as

possible

Please

answer

my

question

as

soon

as

possible.請盡快回答我的問題。

(2)as...as

usual/before

She

looks

as

pretty

as

before.她看起來和以前一樣漂亮。

(3)as

long

as...

(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)

It

took

us

as

long

as

three

years

to

carry

out

the

plan.我們花了長達(dá)三年的時(shí)間才完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

(4)as

far

as

He

walked

as

far

as

the

railway

station

yesterday

evening.昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火車站。

(5)as

well

as

She

cooks

as

well

as

her

mother

does.她燒菜燒得跟她母親一樣好。4.反身代詞的用法：1）反身代詞不能作主語，但是它可以作主語同位語，放在主語后或句末。如：我親自去了電影院。誤：Myselfwenttothecinema.正：Iwenttothecinemamyself.2）作介詞的賓語。如：Nobody,shelearntitallbyherself.沒人，她自學(xué)的。Imendedthebikebymyself.我獨(dú)自修的自行車。Shesaidtoherself:“What’swrongwithmyeyes?”她自言自語地說，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”3）作動詞的賓語。一般放在像這樣的動詞的后面：enjoy,help,hurt,teach,wash,lookafter等。如：Didyouenjoyyourselvesattheweekend?你們周末玩得開心嗎？HeteacheshimselfEnglishathome.他在家自學(xué)英語?！癏elpyourselvestosomefish.children。”“孩子們，隨便吃一些魚。”常用短語：byoneself，saytooneself，enjoyoneself，teachoneself，helponeselfto，takecareof/lookafteroneself,foroneself,byoneself。Integratedskills1.inthefinalofthebasketballcompetition在籃球賽決賽中(p50)〈知識鏈接〉inthefirsthalfofthe…在…的上半場比賽中，inthesecondhalfofthe…在…的下半場比賽中，inthefinalofthe…在…的決賽中，half-time中場休息，presentationofcupandmedals頒發(fā)獎杯和獎牌儀式，goldmedal金牌，silvermedal銀牌，bronzemedal銅牌。注意：贏得/獲得金牌：winagoldmedal2.takeplace發(fā)生；舉行，不及物動詞短語，不能接賓語，不能用于被動語態(tài)中?！粗R鏈接〉takeplace⑴發(fā)生①Thedialoguetookplaceatatailor’sshop.②GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1989.注意：happen是“偶然發(fā)生”e.g.Whathappenedtohimlastnight?⑵舉行＝beheld，e.g.TheweddingofMichaelandStellawilltakeplacenextSunday.〈用法拓展〉taketheplaceof…取代/代替…，takeone’splace取代/代替某人①Hereisatoyplanetotaketheplaceoftheoneyoulost.②Mysisterisill,andI’vecometotakeherplace.Nowplastics(塑料)cansteel(鋼材)inmanywaysinlife.A.takeplaceofB.taketheplaceofC.inplaceofD.insteadof3.supportv.&n.支持；養(yǎng)活e.g.①havealotofsupportfromsb得到某人的大力支持②Markhasabigfamilytosupport.馬克養(yǎng)活一大家人。③withone’ssupport在某人的支持下support→supporter支持者；擁護(hù)者e.g.I’maYaoMingsupporter.我是姚明的球迷。4.gobacktomyschool回到我的學(xué)校(p51)〈知識鏈接〉gobackto…＝returnto…回到…e.g.HongandMacaohavereturnedtoChina.5.cheervi.歡呼；喝彩；cheerfor…為…歡呼→cheersb歡呼某人→ch