中醫(yī)英語考試中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)中醫(yī)診斷學(xué)

廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)碩士英語（中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)+中醫(yī)診療學(xué)）漢譯英讀譯教程Unit11.社會(huì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型thetransitionofpolitico-economicstructureofsociety2.自然規(guī)律naturallaw3.人體與自然的統(tǒng)一theunityofthebodywiththenaturalworld4.疾病的防治thepreventionandtreatmentofdiseases5.藏象visceralmanifestations6.理法方藥theory,strategy,prescriptionandherbs7.驗(yàn)方effectiveformulas8.外邪exogenousevilsUnit21.陰陽對(duì)立theoppositionofyin-yang2.歸納為陰陽基本屬性tobereducedtotheirelemental,basiccharacterofyinoryang3.維持生命和增進(jìn)全部新陳代謝tokeepaliveandstokeallmetabolicprocesses4.子宮受寒Theuterusturnscold.5.陰臟陽腑互相依存才干實(shí)現(xiàn)其功效Theyinandyangorgansdependoneachotherfortheperformanceofthesefunctions.6.陰陽增加超出正常程度Yinoryangincreasesbeyondtheirnormalrange.7.體內(nèi)津液的耗損Theexhaustionofbodyfluids8.陽盛TheexcessofyangUnit31.一套用來探討和指代臨床證象的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)anemblemsystemusedtodiscussandrepresentclinicalphenomena2.在體外存在某種關(guān)聯(lián)tohaveassociationsoutsidethebody3.鼻腔是肺的延伸Thenasaltractisanextensionofthelung4.構(gòu)思適宜的治療辦法theconceptualizationofpropertreatments5.約束性的教義abindingdoctrine6.虛證thepatternofdeficiency7.子盜母氣Thechildstealstheqiofthemother.8.相生themutualgenerationorder9.相侮thecounter-controlcycleUnit41.多重性質(zhì)themultidimensionalnature2.從解剖學(xué)和生理學(xué)角度理解tobeviewedfromtheperspectiveofanatomyandphysiology3.先天之氣和后天之氣theprenatalandpostnatalqi4.氣與氣之間的轉(zhuǎn)化thetransformationofonetypeofqiintoanother5.調(diào)控毛孔的開合inchargeofopeningandclosingourpores6.元?dú)鈚heoriginalqi7.確保血液行于脈內(nèi)而不至外溢tokeepbloodwithinthevessels8.防御外邪侵襲身體todefendthebodyfromexternalpathogenicfactorsUnit51.心主血脈Theheartgovernsthebloodandvessels.2.肅降depurativedownbearing3.控制汗孔開闔和抵抗外邪入侵Tocontroltheopeningandclosingofsweatporesandtodefendtheexterioragainstinvadingevils4.消化和吸取功效thefunctionsofdigestionandassimilation5.水谷精微theessenceofgrainandwafer6.肝開竅于目Theliveropensattheeyes.7.腎藏精Thekidneystoresessence.8.一身陰陽之本therootofyinandyangofthewholebodyUnit71.望、聞、問、切inspection,listeningandsmelling,inquiry,palpation2.望全身狀況(神、色、形、態(tài))theobservationoftheentirebody(spirit,color,form,bearing)3.聲音低弱Thevoiceisfaintandlow.4.聽語言listeningtospeech5.臟腑衰敗的兇險(xiǎn)證inauspiciousomenofthevanquisheddebilityofthezang-fuorgans6.問婦女經(jīng)、帶等問題inquiryofwomenproblemssuchasmenstrualcycleandvaginaldischarge7.解除病人顧慮torelievethepatients'apprehensions8.壓痛tendernessUnit81.六淫和七情thesixperniciousinfluencesandthesevenemotions2.行動(dòng)緩慢拙笨slowandawkwardmotion3.怕冷afearofcold4.蜷臥tosleepinacurled-upposition5.中醫(yī)把人作為一種整體看待Chinesemedicineviewsthehumanbeingasawhole.6.慢性病achroniccondition7.止渴toquenchone'sthirst8.關(guān)節(jié)僵硬stiffjoint(s)診療英語Unit11.舌象theappearanceofthetongue2.舌苔小塊剝落thetonguebecomespeeledinpatches/thecoatingfallsoffinsmallareas3.長年累月的使用prolongeduseoversomeyears4.糟粕uncleanresidue5.不受諸如身體勞累、情緒低落等短暫生理情志因素的影響Irrespectiveoftemporaryconditionssuchasthoseresultingfromrecentphysicalexertionoremotionalupset6.水液積聚accumulationofbodyfluids7.色澤榮潤vibrantandvitalcolor8.心開竅于舌Thetongueisregardedastheoffshootoftheheart.Unit21.心藏神Thehearthousesthemindandspirit.2.發(fā)聲短促鋒利emitvoiceinshort,sharpbursts3.“歌”聲音調(diào)較高，音律優(yōu)美、高低起伏，有如歌唱。Asingingtoneofvoicehasarelativelyhighpitch,ismelodiousandhasaflowofhighandlowtoneslikeasong.4.痰阻息道retentionofphlegminthenasalpassages5.風(fēng)熱燥邪侵犯肺衛(wèi)aninvasionofwind-heatwithdrynessinthelungdefensive-qisystem6.肺氣不舒stagnationoflung-qi7.亡陰acollapseofyin8.突見聲粗沙啞且低沉acoarse,deep,raucousvoicewithsuddenonsetUnit31.四診fourdiagnosticmethods2.用藥無據(jù)prescribingmedicinalswithoutknowingthecause3.病人自述thepatient’sownaccount4.危重患者apatientincriticalcondition5.現(xiàn)在癥presentingsymptoms6.主訴chiefcomplaint7.初診firstvisit,firstconsultation8.肝陽上亢ascendanthyperactivityofliveryangUnit51.八綱theeightprincipalpatterns,ortheeightprinciples2.陰陽為萬物之綱紀(jì)Yinandyangpresumetobethegenerallawsoftotality.3.指導(dǎo)臨床辨證的基本準(zhǔn)則theprimarymatrixthatguidesallclinicaldiscernment4.通過患者的癥狀和體征來推斷其病情distinguishpatternsbyrecognizingthestateofbodilydisharmonywithinthedomainofsignsandsymptoms5.病變部位thelocation/siteofadisharmony6.久病者，常見于里證=Interiordisharmoniesareoftenassociatedwithchronicconditions.7.錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的陰陽夾雜證候=acomplexmixtureofyinandyangsignsandsymptoms8.脾虛無以運(yùn)化水濕=AweakspleenmaybeunabletovaporizewaterUnit61.氣機(jī)失調(diào)abnormalactivitiesofqi2.神疲乏力lassitudewithweakness3.痰濁壅肺turbidphlegmaccumulatinginthelung4.離經(jīng)之血extravasatedblood5.得溫痛減Thepainisalleviatedbywarmth.6.久病不愈prolongedillnesses7.氣不攝血qideficiencywithbleeding8.氣隨血脫massivebloodlosswithqidepletionUnit71.臟腑辨證Zang-fuPatternIdentification2.主血脈、藏神controlbloodandbloodvesselsandrulethemind(shen)3.心血淤阻congealedheartblood4.痰迷心竅mucusobstructingtheheartorifices5.過怒則肝火上炎Angercausesliverfiretorise.6.甜膩之食易引發(fā)胃熱，耗傷脾氣Theexcessiveintakeofsugarultimatelycreatesheatinthestomachanddepletesspleenqi.7.肝氣郁結(jié)、肝血郁滯stagnationofliverqi,andstagnationofliverblood8.肝經(jīng)濕熱、寒客肝脈dampheatintheliver,andcoldinthelivermeridianUnit81.風(fēng)為百病之長=Windisthechiefofthehundreddiseases.2.四肢困重=fatigue,cumbersomelimbs3.濕熱停留氣分=damp-heatlodgedintheqiaspect4.小便短赤=shortvoidingsofreddishurine5.舌干無津=drytonguewithoutliquid6.食物為氣血生化之源=Foodisthesourceofqiandblood.7.痰迷心竅=phlegmconfoundingtheorificesoftheheart8.身熱不揚(yáng)=unsurfacedfever英譯漢讀譯教程Unit11.Forinstance,inancienttimesearlyhumansmoistenedtheirbruiseswithsaliva,extractedthornsthatlodgedintheirflesh,andappliedleavesormudontheirwounds.例如，在古代，早期人類用唾液涂抹瘀青，拔出身體內(nèi)的荊棘，將樹葉或泥土敷在傷口處。2.Itwasinthisatmospherethatastronomy,includingthecalendar,mathematics,biology,geography,anthropology,psychology,andagriculturaltechnologyallbegantoflourish.正是在這樣的環(huán)境下，天文學(xué)(涉及歷法)、數(shù)學(xué)、生物學(xué)、地理學(xué)、人類學(xué)、心理學(xué)以及農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)等都得到蓬勃發(fā)展。3.Itrecordedover40kindsofdiseases,andfurtheradvancedthestudyofdiseaseetiology.它統(tǒng)計(jì)了逾40種疾病，還發(fā)展了病因?qū)W。4.ItsystematicallysummeduptheknowledgeandexperiencesofthepeopleoftheQinandHandynasties,andalsoexertedimportantinfluenceonthesubsequentdevelopmentinthefieldofChinesemateriamedica.它系統(tǒng)歸納了秦漢兩朝人民所獲得的本草知識(shí)及經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)中國本草學(xué)領(lǐng)域后來的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了重要影響。5.Itdescribedtheetiologyandpathologicalmechanismsof1,739kindsofsymptomsandsigns,andwasanessentialreferenceforclinicalpractice.它敘述了1739種病候的病機(jī)病團(tuán)，是古代臨床實(shí)踐至關(guān)重要的一部參考書籍。6.DuringtheTangdynasty(618~907AD)pharmacologyinTCMmadegreatstrides.藥品學(xué)在唐朝(公元618-9)有了長足發(fā)展。7.TheKeytoTherapeuticsofChildren'sDiseases,writtenbyQianYi,wastheearliestmonographonTCMpediatrics.錢乙的《小兒藥證直訣》是最早的中醫(yī)兒科專著。8.Heassertedthatmostdiseasesresultedfrominjurybythefireevil,sothattreatmentshouldbebasedprincipallyoninducingcooling他認(rèn)為絕大多數(shù)疾病都因火邪傷人，因此治療當(dāng)以寒涼為首務(wù)。Unit21.Theoppositionofyin-yangisreflectedinmedicineintheopposingyin-yangstructuresofthehumanbody,theopposingyin-yangcharacteroftheorgansand,mostofall,theopposingsymptomatologyofyinandyang.陰陽的相對(duì)性反映在醫(yī)學(xué)中，涉及人體的相對(duì)陰陽構(gòu)造，臟腑的相對(duì)陰陽特性，以及最重要的部分:陰陽相對(duì)癥狀學(xué)。2.Ifthephysiologicalfiredeclines,themindwillsufferwithdepression,thespleencannottransformandtransport,thesmallintestinecannotseparatethefluids,thebladderandlowerburnercannotexcretethefluidsandtherewillbeoedema,andtheuterusturnscold,whichmaycauseinfertility.如果生理之火削弱，就會(huì)感到心神沮喪，脾不運(yùn)化，小腸無法分清別濁，膀胱和下焦無法排泄水液而致水腫，并且子宮受寒，可造成不孕。3.Whenwaterbecomesexcessive,ithasatendencytoflowdownwardscausingoedemaofthelegs,excessiveurinationorincontinence.當(dāng)水過多時(shí)，呈下行趨勢，從而引發(fā)腿部水腫、排尿過多或失禁。4.Theyinorgansdependontheyangonestoproduceqiandbloodfromthetransformationoffood.Theyangorgansdependontheyinonesfortheirnourishmentderivingfrombloodandessencestoredbytheyinorgans.陰臟依靠陽腑來將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為氣血。陽腑的營養(yǎng)則來自陰臟儲(chǔ)存的精血。5.Byensuringthesmoothflowofqi,theliveralsokeepsthebloodmoving,thereforeprovidingacorrectstorageofbloodwithinitself:thisisanexampleofhowtheliverfunctionassiststheliverstructure.通過確保氣的暢通來保持血液流動(dòng)，從而確保本身儲(chǔ)藏的血液適量：這闡明了肝臟之用對(duì)其體有協(xié)助的作用。6.Onemightgofurtherandsaythatthetemperatureitselfwasanattemptofthebodytofightapathogenicfactor,butthisdoesnotchangethefactthattheriseintemperaturerepresentsanexcessofyang,whichleadstoconsumptionofyin.有人可能還會(huì)爭論說體溫變化就是身體對(duì)抗病邪的一種體現(xiàn)，但這并不能變化下列事實(shí)：體溫升高代表陽盛，從而造成陰虛。7.Fromapathologicalpointofview,therecanbefourdifferentsituationsofexcessofyinorexcessofyangleadingtoconsumptionofyangoryinrespectively,orconsumptionofyangorconsumptionofyinleadingtoapparentexcessofyinoryangrespectively.病理學(xué)認(rèn)為，人體疾病的產(chǎn)生很可能由于下列四種陰陽消長失衡：陰盛而致陽虛，陽盛而致陰虛，陰虛而致陽盛，陽虛而致陰盛。8.Thus,balanceinourlife,indiet,exercise,work,emotionallifeandsexuallife,istheessenceofpreventionofdiseaseinChinesemedicine.因此，按照中醫(yī)理論，我們生活上平衡、飲食均衡、勞逸平衡、情感生活和性生活平衡是我們防止疾病的基礎(chǔ)。Unit31.Fewpractitionerswouldagreewiththeserelationships,butinsomesituationsthecorrespondencecouldbeforcedandbemoremetaphysicalthanpractical.但是，并非全部從業(yè)中醫(yī)師會(huì)真正認(rèn)同這種五行對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，在某些狀況下，某些對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系是強(qiáng)行規(guī)定的，其理論意義要遠(yuǎn)不不大于實(shí)踐意義。2.Andtherearecorrespondencesderivednotfrommetaphysicalpremises,butfromthefunctionsoftheorgansorfromempiricalobservation.另一類對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系不是源于形而上學(xué)的假設(shè)，而是從臟腑功效和實(shí)證觀察中得來。3.Similarexplanations,howeverstrained,areavailablefortheseasons,climaticconditions,directions,tastes,andsmells.類似的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，無論如何牽強(qiáng)，均存在于五行與季節(jié)、天氣、方位、口味、氣味之間。4.Similarly,theassociationofangerwiththeliverisprobablyduetocarefulobservationofpeople,ratherthantoanynotionofthewoodennessofbecomingenraged.怒和肝的關(guān)系也屬于第二種，很可能源于人們的認(rèn)真觀察，而不是從“木性”升發(fā)因而怒放這樣牽強(qiáng)的解釋得來的。5.Thefive-elementcorrespondencecanbehelpfulasaguidetoclinicaltendencies,butthetestofveracityinChinesemedicineremainsthepattern.五行對(duì)應(yīng)有助于指導(dǎo)臨床實(shí)踐，但中醫(yī)的實(shí)效性取決于對(duì)“證”的把握。6.Inthesequence,theproduceriscalledthemotherandtheproduced,thechild(anexampleofthetendencytowardconcretenessintraditionalChinesethought).生者為母，被生者為子(這個(gè)例子闡明傳統(tǒng)中國思想含有具體化趨勢)。7.Ifanorganisdeficient,therefore,treatmentcanbeaffectedbystrengtheningthemotherorgan.Whenthereisanexcessinanorgan,thechildcanbedrained.因此治療時(shí)要虛則補(bǔ)其母，實(shí)則瀉其子。8.Adisharmonywithinthecontrolordermightmeanthatanorganisexertingexcesscontrolovertheorganthatitregulates.Thiswouldleadtoadeficiencyintheregulatedorgan.Ortheorganthatshouldberegulatedmaybecometheregulator.相克失調(diào)意味著臟器對(duì)所勝一行相克太過。這會(huì)造成所不勝一方變虛。除相克過分外，臟器也可能由克我變成我克。Unit41.Qiisanenigma,foritisbothanounandaverb,justaslightmaybedescribedasaparticleandawave.氣的概念神秘莫測，它既是名詞也是動(dòng)詞，猶如光兼有粒子和波的性質(zhì)。2.Lifeistheproliferationofqi,deathitsdissolution.氣聚則生，氣散則死。3.Qiisaninvisible,fluidforce,adynamicentityweavingdiverseandvariedpatternsthroughthefabricofourbeing.氣是無形的能量流動(dòng)，是以多個(gè)形式循環(huán)運(yùn)動(dòng)于全身各個(gè)器官組織的動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)體。4.Prenatalqiencompassedtheessentialqualitiesofstrength,intelligence,constitutionalmake-up,andvitalitythatapersoninheritsfromtheunionoftheessenceofhisorherparentsatconception.先天之氣由父母之精所化生，遺傳于父母的體力、智力、稟賦以及活力等。5.Postnatalqiisthatessentialqithatweobtainfromthefoodweeatandtheairwebreathe.后天之氣源于人類在食物中攝取的水谷精氣和吸入的自然清氣。6.Whenpreandpostnatalqicombineinthebody,theyformamorespecifictypeofqiknownaskidneyessenceorjing.先天之氣與后天之氣在體內(nèi)結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)化為腎精。7.Itisnutritiveqithattheacupuncturist'sneedlestimulateswheninsertedintoanacupuncturepoint.針灸師經(jīng)常采用針刺穴位的辦法刺激體內(nèi)的營氣來治療疾病。8.Qiholdsorgansintheirplaceandkeepsbloodwithinthevessels.氣能約束臟腑器官各在其位，同時(shí)確保血液行于脈內(nèi)而不至外溢。Unit51.Theheartisregardedastheseatofconsciousness.心為神之宅。2.Althoughthetongueanditsfurmayreflectpathologicalstatesofallthebowelsandviscera,heartdiseaseoftenmanifestswithspecialclarity.即使舌質(zhì)和舌苔可能反映整個(gè)臟腑的病理狀態(tài)，但心的疾病征兆普通特別明顯。3.UnlikeWesternmedicine,Chinesemedicinealsoaccordsthelungotherfunctions,notableyinregardtowatermetabolism.與西醫(yī)不同，中醫(yī)還認(rèn)為肺有其它功效，特別是在水液代謝方面。4.Sincetheyin-yangsystemhadfosteredtheunderstandingthatoneclassoforgans(thebowels)hadclosercontactwithforeignmatterandanotherclass(theviscera)handledtheinternalproductsofthebody,itmadesensetothinkofthestomachasresponsiblefordigestionandthespleenasresponsiblefortheprocessofinternalassimilation.根據(jù)陰陽系統(tǒng)，一類器官(腑)與外物親密聯(lián)系而另一類器官(臟)掌握身體內(nèi)部運(yùn)作，因此理所固然胃負(fù)責(zé)消化，脾負(fù)責(zé)內(nèi)部吸取。5.Theabilitytoabsorbandassimilatethe"essenceofgrainandwater,"asitistraditionallyexpressed,isreflectedintheamountoffleshapersoncarries-fleshmeaningbothredfleshandwhitefat.傳統(tǒng)意義上，脾對(duì)“水谷精微“的運(yùn)化和吸取作用體現(xiàn)在人身上的肌肉和脂肪的數(shù)量上。6.Theliverisassociatedwithwood,whichsymbolizesboththesubstancewoodandplantlifeasawhole.肝歸屬于木，它象征著物質(zhì)(木)和生命(植物生命)的結(jié)合。7.Chinesemedicineunderstandsthekidney’sroleinwatermetabolismbyananalogytoapotofwateroverafire.中醫(yī)把腎與水液代謝的關(guān)系類比為火上的一壺水。8.Thewaningofessenceinlateryearscausesthegradualweakeningofthebodyanddeteriorationofhealth.老年后精的減少造成身體狀況逐步衰退和健康狀況惡化。Unit71.Examinationmethodsarethemethodsusedtodeterminethecircumstancesofdiseaseandtounderstandthemanifestationofdiseasebyinquiringabout,observingandinspectingapatient'ssymptomsandbodilysigns.診法就是通過詢問、觀察、檢查病人的癥狀和體征理解疾病的體現(xiàn)以判斷病情的辦法。2.Changesorabnormalitiesinthetonguebodycanreflectthecircumstancesofthezang-fuorgans,qiandblood.Inotherwords,theexuberanceanddebilityoftherightqiismanifestedinthetonguebody.舌質(zhì)的變化或異常，可反映臟腑氣血狀況，即正氣的盛衰可由舌質(zhì)體現(xiàn)出來。3.In"listeningtocough"itisimportanttounderstandthedifferentiationofwhetherthereiscold,heat,deficiencyorexcess,butingeneraloneoughttocombinetheformofthephlegminordertodifferentiatemoreprecisely.“聽咳嗽”重要理解有寒熱虛實(shí)之分，但普通結(jié)合咳痰的性狀來分辨則更明確。4.Simplystated,theaspectsoflisteningexaminationingeneralare:ifthesoundisloudandsonorousanditsformisstrong,thenitisanexcesspattern;ifthesoundisfaintandlow,andthebreathistimorousthenitisadeficiencypattern.簡言之，聽診方面普通均以其聲音高亢洪亮而氣壯為實(shí)證；聲音低弱而氣怯為虛證。5.Thesmellingofodorsincludesabnormalodorsemittedfromthepatient'sbody,excretionsandsecretions.Throughthismethodpatternssuchascold,heat,deficiency,excess,swellingabscesses,andflatabscessescanbedifferentiated.嗅氣味涉及病人身體及其分泌物、排泄物所發(fā)出的異常氣味，從而分辨寒熱虛實(shí)及癰疽等證。6.Thecontentofinquiryexaminationincludestheonsetofthecondition,thedevelopmentandappearanceofsymptoms,previousdiagnosesandtreatment,andanyotherfactorsrelatingtothedisease.問診內(nèi)容涉及病情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、癥狀體現(xiàn)、診療治療通過以及與疾病有關(guān)的多個(gè)因素。7.Byinquiringabouthistoryofthepresentdisease,previousdiseases,personallifestyleandfamilyhistory,etc.,onecangoastepfurtherinunderstandingthecausesforthediseaseandinarrivingatamoreaccuratediagnosisandtreatmentofthedisease.問現(xiàn)病史、既往史、個(gè)人史、家族史等方面，則可進(jìn)一步理解病因，更精確地診療治療疾病。8.Palpationexaminationalsoincludespressing,inwhichthephysiciansusepressuretoexaminethepatient'sskin;hands,feet,chest,abdomenandotherareasforpathologicalchanges.切診還涉及按診，按診就是醫(yī)生通過按壓病人的肌膚、手足、胸腹及病變部分，來理解病情變化。Unit81.Thereareseveralcategoriesofinfluencesthatproducedisharmony:thesixperniciousinfluencesandthesevenemotionsarethetwomainones.致病因素有諸多個(gè)，其中最重要的是六淫和七情。2.Thisillness,triggeredbyexternalinfluences,canmigrateinwardandbecomemoreserious-asaslightcoldmightbecomepneumonia.這種由外部氣候變化所引發(fā)的疾病能夠由體表向體內(nèi)發(fā)展并逐步惡化，例如輕微感冒能夠發(fā)展為肺炎。3.Whenexternalcoldattacksthebody,acuteillnessmaydevelop,alongwithchills,feverandbodyaches.寒邪侵襲體表，常引發(fā)急性病，并伴有寒顫、發(fā)熱和身體疼痛等癥狀。4.Drynessisafrequentpartnerwithheat;justthinkaboutthecrackedbottomofadried-upriverbed.熱多夾燥，就好比(天氣過熱引發(fā))河床干涸且到處充滿裂紋。5.Ifthebodyisinfiltratedbywind,thefirstsymptomsusuallyappearontheskin,inthelungs,orontheface.Tics,twitches,fearofdrafts,headachesandastuffed-upnosearesymptoms.風(fēng)邪入體，皮膚、肺部和頭面部等器官先出現(xiàn)病癥，如抽搐、痙攣、惡風(fēng)、頭痛和鼻塞等。6.Theheartstorestheshenandunharmoniousemotionscandisturbtheshenandcausesleeplessness,muddledthinking,inappropriatecryingorlaughing,andinextremecases,fits,madnessandhysteria.心藏神，情緒失調(diào)擾亂神明，引發(fā)失眠、神志不清、哭笑失常，更有甚者引發(fā)昏厥、癲狂和歇斯底里等癥狀。7.Abalanceddietisanessentialcomponentofgoodhealth,andinChinesemedicine,itisusedasapowerfultherapeutictool.均衡膳食是身體健康的確保，是中醫(yī)慣用的一種有力的治療手段。8.Ifyouaresufferingfrominteriorcolddeficiency,thenyourpractitionermaysuggestyoueatfoodsthatarewarmingandsweet,tohelprebuildyourqi.如患者有內(nèi)寒虛證，醫(yī)師會(huì)建議食用性溫甘的食物來協(xié)助恢復(fù)體內(nèi)正氣。診療英語Unit11.Althoughthisisusuallyquitestraightforward,itmayberatherdifficultinthosecaseswhentheshadeofcolorissubtle.Thisisespeciallytrueofpurpleshadeslikepalepurple,bluishpurpleandreddishpurple.盡管舌體顏色大多是能夠直接觀察到的，但當(dāng)顏色較淺或不明顯時(shí)，就很難識(shí)別精確了，例如淡紫色、青紫色或者紫紅色。2.Ifthetonguehasavitalcolor,theprognosisisgood;ifithasadarkandwitheredappearance,theprognosisispoor.若舌質(zhì)榮潤紅活，是善候；若舌質(zhì)晦暗干枯，是惡候。3.Forexample,ifthetonguebodycolorisverydarkred,theconditioniscertaintobeoneofintenseheatinoneormoreorgansregardlessofwhatothersymptomsandsignsmaybepresent.例如，若舌色為絳紅，無論其它癥狀和體征是什么，都闡明體內(nèi)有一種或多個(gè)臟腑有壯火。4.Examiningthefeaturesofthetonguesurfacemeanslookingforsuchaberrationsascracksandulcers.查看舌的表面特性即是觀察裂紋或潰瘍等病態(tài)變化。5.Coatingdistributionreflectstheprogressionandlocationofthepathogenicfactorinexternallycontracteddiseases.Forinternally-generateddiseasesitreflectsthelocationofthepathogenicfactorinaccordancewiththetonguetopography.舌苔的分布變化，于外感六淫，反映了病邪之深淺及病情之進(jìn)退；于內(nèi)傷七情，則反映了病邪之深淺。6.Acoatingwithroot(alsocalled"truecoating")isfirmlyimplantedinthetonguesurfaceandgrowsoutofitjustlikegrassgrowsfromthesoil.Suchcoatingcannotbescrapedoff.苔之真假則視其有無根基。苔之有根，如青草之生于地中，牢牢植出于舌表，刮之難去(此亦稱之為真苔)。7.Thestomachisresponsiblefortheproductionofanormaltonguecoatingandalsosendsfluidsuptothetongue,thecolorofwhichthentendstobepalerthanifthefluidsarenotreachingthetongue.正常舌色淡紅，是因胃氣蒸化并上承于舌。若津液不能上承于舌，則舌色偏淡紅。8.Whenthestomachfunctionsnormally，thereisamoderatesupplyoffluids,someofwhichwillreachthetongue.胃的功效正常時(shí)，就能生成津液，上潤于舌。Unit21.Thevoicealsoreflectsthestateofthemindandspirit:aquietvoicewithoutforceandwithasadtoneindicatesthatthemindandspiritareaffected.聲音還反映情志：若聲低無力、語調(diào)憂傷，則情志異常。2.Thisgivesustheveryfirstimpressionoftheperson'sqiingeneral,astrongvoicereflectingastrongqi(andpossiblypathogenicfactors)andaweakvoiceindicatingqideficiency.通過聽聲可知患者一身之“氣”的盈虧。聲音高亢有力則氣機(jī)充盛(正氣或邪氣)，聲音低微細(xì)弱則氣機(jī)怯弱。3.First,thehearthasaprofoundinfluenceonthetoneandtextureofthevoicebecauseitcontrolsthetongue,whichisacrucialorganintheproductionofspeech.首先，心開竅于舌，而舌是語言的重要器官，故心對(duì)音調(diào)和音質(zhì)都有極大的影響。4.Secondly,althoughhetoneandstrengthofthevoicereflectprimarilythestateoflung-qi,theyalsoreflectthestateofqiingeneralandthereforeofthespleen,whichistherootofpostnatalqi.另首先，音調(diào)和音量除了重要反映肺氣盈虧，還反映一身之氣的盛衰，一身之氣涉及被譽(yù)為后天之本的脾氣。5.Thekidneyinfluencesthepitchandthequalityofthevoicebecausetheoriginalqiemergingfrombetweenthekidneyreachestherootofthetongueallowingthelarynxtoemitsounds.由于元?dú)獬鲇趦赡I之間，上挾舌本，循喉發(fā)聲，故腎影響音高、音質(zhì)。6.Thesetonesofvoicecanbeinterpretedintwoways:underphysiologicalconditions,thesetonesarenormalforthosetypes,thatis,itisnormalforawoodtypetohavearelativelyloud,"shouting"voice;underpathologicalconditions,thetoneofvoicemaydeviatefromitsstandardbyexcessordeficiency,thatis,awoodtypemayhaveavoicethatiseither"tooshouting"ornotstrongenough.這能夠從兩方面來加以闡釋：在正常生理狀態(tài)下，五聲與五行體質(zhì)相對(duì)應(yīng)，例如，木形之人普通聲音偏大如“呼”；五聲太過或不及皆為病態(tài)之象，如木形之人“呼”聲太過或不及。7.Asthekidneychannelreachestherootofthetongue,adisturbanceoftheconnectingchannelconnectingthekidneytotheuterusduringpregnancypreventskidney-qifromrisingtothetongueanditaffectsthevoice.這是由于足少陰腎經(jīng)上挾舌本，而妊娠期腎胞間經(jīng)絡(luò)受阻，腎氣無以升發(fā)至舌，進(jìn)而影響發(fā)聲。8.Forexample,arancidsmellinawoodelementisapathologicalexaggerationofaconstitutionalwoodsmellandthereforeislessseriousthananothersmellwouldbe.例如，臊屬木，是對(duì)木形之人病態(tài)氣味的一種夸張描述，闡明病情較淺。Unit31.Thedefensemechanismofchildrenagainstdiseaseisstillbuildingupanditisthuseasyforthemtocontractinfectiousdisease.小兒抗病力較差，易患傳染病。2.Thephysiologyofmenandwomenisdifferent,anddistinctionexistsinthediseasesthattheyareproneto.男女生理有別、患病有異。3.Bothoflifestyleandhabitatarecloselyconnectedwiththeoccurrenceofdisease.個(gè)體的生活習(xí)慣和環(huán)境對(duì)疾病的發(fā)生有親密關(guān)系。4.Theaimistounderstandwhethertheonsetofthediseasewasacuteorgradual,ofshortorlongduration,what'stheelicitingcauseandwhatarethepathologicalchangesduringthecourse.目的是理解發(fā)病的急緩久暫、起病的誘因、病情的演變。5.Thosewhoareaddictedtocigarettesoralcoholoftenhavephlegm-dampdiseases.嗜煙好酒者多痰濕病。6.Fromtheaccountofthepatientorthatofhiscompanions,thephysiciancangraduallygraspthepatient'sconditionforpatternidentification.從病人(或其家眷)講述過程中，醫(yī)生可逐步掌握病人病情，并進(jìn)行辨證。7.Onemustmakedetailedinquiriesconcerningtheonset,progressionandmanifestationsofthedisease.對(duì)疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、癥狀體現(xiàn)等方面須具體詢問。8.Onlyinthiswaywillonebeabletorelievethepatients’apprehensionsandinducethemtoexpresstheirconditionwithoutholdingback.只有這樣才干解除病人顧慮，引導(dǎo)病人如實(shí)反映病情。Unit51.Conceptualizinganddistinguishingtheeightprincipalpatternsisthefirststeptowarddiscerningthebasiccompositionandshadingoftheclinicallandscape.掌握八綱辨證，是臨床觀象，辨證論治的第一步。2."Bian"meanstodistinguish,recognize,orclarify,while"zheng"canmeanevidence,proof;oremblemand,inadifferentform,symptomorailment.“辨”指分辨、識(shí)別或闡明，“證”指證據(jù)、證明或征象，換個(gè)說法，即是癥狀和證候。3.Duringthecourseofthefourexaminations,thephysiciansimultaneouslycollects,interprets,andorganizessigns-acomplex,subtleperceptionthatleadstoanunderstandingofthephysiologicaleventstakingplaceinthepatient'sbody.四診合參時(shí)，醫(yī)生同時(shí)收集、分析和整合各癥一一這是個(gè)繁雜而巧妙的認(rèn)知過程，讓醫(yī)生得知患者體內(nèi)的生理病理狀況。4.Yinandyangretaintheirprimacybecauseoftheirbroad,all-encompassingnature,whiletheothersixpatternsarefinallysubsumedinyin-yangpatterns.由于陰陽包羅萬象的性質(zhì)，陰陽兩綱能夠概括其它六綱，是八綱中的總綱。5.Interiorpatternsaregeneratedprimarilybyinternaldisharmonies;exteriorpatternsbyexternalinfluences.里證由內(nèi)傷引發(fā)，表證則由外邪誘發(fā)。6.Broadlyspeaking,apatternislikelytobeoneofexcesswhenaperniciousinfluenceattacksthebody,whensomebodilyfunctionbecomesoveractive,orwhenanobstructioncausesaninappropriateaccumulationofsubstancessuchasqiandblood.廣義上，外邪侵襲人體，身體機(jī)能亢盛；或體內(nèi)淤阻，造成氣血等物質(zhì)積聚過盛，多為實(shí)證。7.Thepatternofheatdisharmonyisassociatedwitheitheraheatperniciousinfluence,hyperactivityofthebody'syangfunctions,orinsufficientyinorfluids,leadingtoalternativepreponderanceofyang.感受熱邪，或陽氣亢進(jìn)，或陰液虧虛致陽氣偏盛，俱為熱證。8.Thewayinwhichtheeightprincipalpatternsarecombined,reinforced,ormodifiedillustrateshowcomplexpatternsaredevelopedfromsimpleones.八綱在實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用及完善，呈現(xiàn)了簡樸證型如何發(fā)展為復(fù)雜證型的真實(shí)過程。Unit61.Qi,bloodandfluidsarethebasicsubstancesthatconstitutethebodyandthebasisofitsvitalfunctions.氣，血、津液是構(gòu)成人體和維持人體生命活動(dòng)的基本物質(zhì)。2.Abnormalascentofliver-qiismostlyduetoliverinjurybypent-uprage,hyperactiveliver-qiorabnormalascentofqi-fire.肝氣上逆多因郁怒傷肝，肝氣升發(fā)太過，氣火上逆所致。3.Suppressionoftheemotions,dietaryindiscretion,exogenouspathogenicevils,phlegmrheumaccumulationandbloodstasiscanallimpedeorblockqimovement,andleadtoqistagnation.七情郁結(jié)、飲食不節(jié)、外感六淫、痰涎凝聚和血淤均可妨礙氣機(jī)運(yùn)行，從而造成氣滯。4.Thepaintendstobemigratoryandfluctuating;itisoftenalleviatedbyeructationorfarting,butaggravatedbyemotionaldepression.痛無定處，攻撐走竄，噯氣或矢氣后疼痛緩和，情志抑郁時(shí)疼痛加重。5.Bloodinsufficiencyresultswhenthereisinsufficiencyofblood,sothatbloodisunabletonourishthevisceralorgans,meridiansandtissues.血虛指機(jī)體血液虧慮，臟腑百脈俱失濡養(yǎng)。6.Blood-heatpatternappearswhenfireblazesinternallyandreachesthebloodphase.血熱證是內(nèi)火熾盛、熱迫血分所致。7.Whenexogenouscoldpathogenattacksandlodgesinthemeridians,itimpedesyang-qi.寒邪入侵，客于經(jīng)脈，損傷陽氣。8.Alternately,onemaybecomedeficientandleadtodeficiencyoftheother.氣血互根，一損俱損。Unit71.Thispatterniscalled"invasionofthepericardiumbyheat"andischaracterizedbyacuteandrapidinvasionofexternalheatatthenutritiveqilevelwithsymptomsofextremetemperature,deliriumand,inseverecasescoma.此證即為“熱入心包”。熱邪入侵心包為營分證的危重證候，癥見如高熱、譫語、甚者神昏。2.Prolongedsadnesscanalsocauseqistagnationwhichchangestoheartfire.久悲則氣郁，氣郁化火。3.Thelungrulesqi,hasadispersinganddescendingfunctionandaredirectlyconnectedtotheexteriorenvironment.Thismakesthemvulnerabletoexternalinvasionofperniciousinfluences.肺主氣，主宣發(fā)肅降，與外界直接相通，故易被外邪侵襲。4.Thosewhoseworkinvolveslackofphysicalactivitywillbeespeciallysusceptibletod