新高考適用2023版高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)第1部分閱讀能力突破篇專題1閱讀理解第3講詞句猜測題

第一部分專題一第3講A(2022·江蘇省南通市高三基地學(xué)校第三次大聯(lián)考)GrowingupinanunderdevelopedzoneofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,MusaMothasayshissurroundingsweren?texactlyideal.Soccerwashisfavoritesport,andhefondlyremembersthetimesheplayedforthelocalyouthteam.Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.Whilehissoccerinjurywasnotthecause,itdiddrawattentiontothealready-presentcancer.Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.Truetohisword,Motha,now26,canbeseentwirling(轉(zhuǎn)動)acrossstagesaroundtheworld.Hefirstencountereddanceataneighborhoodparty,whereheaskedafriendtoteachhimsomemodifiedmoves.“ThenIdancedthewholenight，”herecalled.Histalentsdidnotgounnoticed;hebeganappearinginSouthAfricanTVadsandshows.HeevenappearedinDrake?sOneDancemusicvideo.Mothathinksthatrepresentationneedstoextendbeyondtheperformingarts.“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasocietywherenooneisonthemargins，”hesaid.That?sMotha?sdreamaswell.Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim“apurpose”，headded“Idon?twanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.”Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.“Insteadoftellingasobstory,Ifindthatthemostbeautifulstoriesareaftertheamputation，”Mothasaid.Heencouragesotherswithdisabilitiesthatthey,too,candoeverything:“There?sawholelotofthingsthatyoucanovercomeandthatactuallydefinehowstrongyouare.”1．WhatcausedthediscoveryofMotha?scancer？________A．Theterriblelivingenvironment.B．Theroutinemedicalexamination.C．Theaccidentalinjuryinhisleftleg.D．Thehighamputationofhisleftleg.2．WhydoesMotharefusetoseehimselfasadanceronly？________A．Toindicatethatdanceisnolongerhisfavorite.B．Toinspirethedisabledtogobeyondthemselves.C．Tostresshehasn?tgoneoutsidehiscomfortzone.D．Toshowoffhistalentsinmoreaspectsofhislife.3．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4probablymean？________A．Everyonecanmakeadifference.B．Mostofourdreamshavecometrue.C．Notalldisabledpeopleareinfluential.D．Nodisabledpeoplehavebeenprejudiced.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMotha？________A．Braveandhumorous.B．Friendlyandsociable.C．Humbleandcreative.D．Optimisticandambitious.【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述MusaMotha在自己確診骨肉瘤之后積極對待生活，選擇了走上跳舞的舞臺的故事。在有了自己的成功之后，他希望能夠鼓勵更多的殘疾人走出舒適圈，展現(xiàn)自己的能力，得到社會的認(rèn)可。1．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段以及第二段“Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活檢)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.(但是當(dāng)他10歲的時候，他的左腿受傷了。這改變了一切。骨髓活組織檢查顯示，Motha的左腿患有骨肉瘤，這是一種骨癌。)”可知，Motha10歲時左腿受傷，在左腿檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)了骨癌。因此，他的疾病是因為他左腿受傷后做檢查時發(fā)現(xiàn)的，是一個意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。2．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)末尾段“Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim?apurpose?，headded?Idon?twanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.?Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.(雖然他說舞蹈給了他一個“目標(biāo)”，但他補(bǔ)充說：“我不想把自己僅僅看作一個舞者?！彼霝槠渌麣埣踩藙?chuàng)造一個走出舒適區(qū)的自由空間——從踢足球到唱歌。)”可知，他拒絕只是單純的作為一個舞者是因為他想走出舒適圈，把領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)大到踢足球和唱歌，想以自己的事跡鼓勵其他殘疾人走出舒適圈。因此可推知，Motha拒絕把自己只是看作一個舞者是因為他想激勵其他殘疾人走出舒適圈，超越自己。故選B。3．A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文內(nèi)容“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasociety...(我們越是在生活的各個方面看到殘疾人，如直升機(jī)駕駛員、工程師、廚師、舞蹈指導(dǎo)和教授，我們越對……社會抱有更大的希望)”可知，在Motha看來，殘疾人也可以像其他普通人一樣從事各種職業(yè)，做出一番成就，這樣的社會令人抱有希望，這樣的社會里，殘疾人可以和普通人一樣有所成就。因此可推知，畫線句應(yīng)是表達(dá)“包括殘疾人在內(nèi)的每個人都可以有所作為”含義。故選A。4．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.(他選擇了截肢，從那天起，他決定要以不同的方式對待生活——更積極地，他說。)”可知，他選擇了截肢，并決定積極地生活，這體現(xiàn)了他的勇敢樂觀；末尾段“Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.(他想為其他殘疾人創(chuàng)造一個空間，走出他們的舒適區(qū)——從足球到唱歌。他認(rèn)為，更大的代表性將創(chuàng)造更多的機(jī)會和包容，為殘疾人的閃耀鋪平道路。)”提及他想激勵其他的殘疾人走出舒適圈，得到更多的機(jī)會使自己發(fā)光閃耀，這體現(xiàn)了他的抱負(fù)。選項D“Optimisticandambitious.(樂觀又有志向)”符合對他的描述。故選D。B(2022·河北省衡水市高考二模)Someeventshavebeenaddedtothe2024Olympics,withsurfing,breakdancingandsportclimbingamongtherecentadditions.WiththemcomeagroupoftermsthatareforeigntotheFrenchlanguage.ForsomeFrench-languagepurists,it?stoomuchtobeartorelyonEnglishtopraisesurfersontheir“noseriding”—standingonthefrontoftheboard.They?vedecidedtheyneedaFrenchsolution.TheFrenchgovernmenthascreatedateamoflanguageexpertsdevotedtopromotingthenationallanguage.Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.TheFrenchbattleagainsttheinfluenceofotherlanguagesisn?tnew.In1994,theToubonlawwaspassed,forcingtheuseofFrenchinallgovernmentpublications,contractsandadvertisements.Yetitcontainedseveralloopholes,whichallowbrandsandcompaniestoextensivelyuseEnglish.Asaresult,anglicismsarebecomingmoreobvious.JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsare“sometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabulary,buttheyaredisturbingbecausetheyshowthatwefollowaneconomicandculturalmodelotherthanourown.”Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.“Sportwasoneofthefirstareastobeglobalized，”saidsportshistorianMichaelAttali,“ThisphenomenonhasstrengthenedEnglishastheofficiallanguage.”Despitetheirbestefforts,nocommitteehassuccessfullypreventedEnglishfrominfiltratingeverydaylanguage.BythetimeFrenchofficialsagreedonatranslationanditsdefinition,theEnglishversionhasalreadyspreadthroughoutthenation,“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar，”saidAttali.“TherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，”saidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.“Alllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.”5．Whatwillateamoflanguageexpertsdo？________A．PromotethespreadofFrenchintheworld.B．Decideuponsomenewsportsterms.C．BringEnglishandFrenchtogether.D．MakeFrenchmuchpurer.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto？________A．Anglicisms.B．Englishwords.C．Frenchwords.D．Newlycreatedwords.7．What?stheresultofpreviouseffortstostopEnglishfrominfiltratingFrench？________A．Unimportant. B．Successful.C．Fruitless. D．Unmentioned.8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？________A．EnglishismorepopularthanFrench.B．Alllanguagesshouldbepreserved.C．Theexchangesbetweentwolanguagescanbeavoided.D．Neveuxispositiveabouttheimpurityoflanguage.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了法國政府成立了一個語言專家團(tuán)隊，致力于推廣法語。他們將在未來幾年定期開會，以確定和定義新的體育術(shù)語。文章還介紹了歷史上法語對抗其他語言影響的事件以及人們的看法。5．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.(他們將在未來幾年定期開會，以確定和定義新的體育術(shù)語。)”可知，一群語言專家會決定一些新的體育術(shù)語。故選B。6．A代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsare?sometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabulary?”以及后文“Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.(它們尤其出現(xiàn)在體育比賽和活動中，在這些比賽和活動中，來自世界各地的運動員習(xí)慣于用英語交流。)”可知，巴黎索邦大學(xué)的語言學(xué)教授JulieNeveux說，anglicisms“有時估計在現(xiàn)有詞匯中只占不到5%，但它們令人不安，因為anglicisms表明，我們遵循的是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化模式，而不是我們自己的模式。”故they指的是“anglicisms”，故選A。7．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar(過去也有類似的委員會，但到目前為止沒有任何改變)”可知，以前阻止英語滲透到法語的努力結(jié)果是徒勞的。故選C。8．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“?TherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，?saidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.?Alllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.?(“法語中的英語詞匯遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于英語中的法語單詞?！盢eveux補(bǔ)充說，這些交換不應(yīng)被視為威脅?！八鞋F(xiàn)存的語言都是通過相互借鑒而存在的。語言之所以存在，是因為它們存在不純性?！?”可知，Neveux對語言的不純性持肯定態(tài)度。故選D。C(2022·福建省龍巖市高中畢業(yè)班第三次模擬)Everkeentokeepyousaving,we?vecomeupwiththreemoregreatideastokeepmoneyinyourpockets.PayincashPayincashratherthanstickeverythingonacardtoworryaboutlater—thatway,moneyseemsmore“real”．Bydoingthis,youcanactuallygetasenseofwhatyou?respending.Butdon?tmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.DIYFancymakingyourownbookshelvesorturningascarfintoaskirt?Thereareplentyofsitesthatwillteachyouclevernewtrickswitholdjunk,fromthreadingastringbracelettobuildingyourownshoecontainersfromrecycledtins.Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobeand,evenifyou?reusuallyallfingersandthumbs,thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour.Afewminutesexploringfor“DIYcrafts”onlineprovidesplentyofcheapcreativeideas.CutbackonlineshoppingWe?vealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.However,theresultingdamagetoyourbankbalanceisalltooreal.Whydoyouthinkonlineretailers(零售商)keepyourcreditcarddetailsonfile?Soyoucanjustpress“Buy”andthey?vegotyourcash.Againandagain.Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldn?totherwisehavebought.Ifyou?retempted(誘惑),bestrict,putthemousedownandaskyourself:“DoIreallyneedthis？”Theanswerismostprobably:“No”．9．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpsaveyourmoney？________A．Visitingabankconstantly.B．Limitingvisitstocash-points.C．SurfingDIYsitesforoldjunks.D．Relyingonacardwhileshopping.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsintheideaofDIYmean？________A．Busy. B．Careless.C．Nervous. D．Creative.11．Whatmayaimlessvirtualshoppingresultin？________A．Savingmoney.B．Makingagooddeal.C．Makingendsmeet.D．Pilingupunwanteditems.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三種生活中省錢的方法。9．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Payincash中“Butdon?tmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.(但是不要每天都去取款機(jī)，一點一點地隨意花掉你辛苦賺來的錢。相反，在一周開始的時候取一次錢，然后把你的卡收起來，給自己設(shè)定一個現(xiàn)金預(yù)算。)”可知，限制去取款機(jī)取款的次數(shù)，可以幫助省錢。故選B。10．B詞句猜測題。根據(jù)DIY中“Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobe(這些有啟發(fā)性的想法將改變你的家和衣柜)”及“thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour(這可以在一個小時內(nèi)輕松完成)”可知，本段描述如何利用廢舊物品重新創(chuàng)作為新的物品，上文的一些想法能幫助那些即使“笨手笨腳的人”一個小時內(nèi)輕松完成，因此，allfingersandthumbs與careless為近義詞。故選B。11．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Cutbackonlineshopping中“We?vealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.(我們都這樣做過，在午餐時間或深夜上網(wǎng)，漫無目的地把虛擬的便宜貨扔進(jìn)我們的虛擬籃子里，點擊虛擬的結(jié)賬按鈕。)”及“Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldn?totherwisehavebought.(但你最終得到的是一大堆你本來不會買的東西。)”可知，漫無目的地虛擬購物會導(dǎo)致成堆的不想要的東西。故選D。D(2022·山東省濰坊市高三一模)Gov.KathyHochul?sproposaltoallowrestaurantstoselldrinkstogowithreasonablelimitationswasmetwithgreatenthusiasmallacrossNewYork.ButNewYork?sliquor(酒)storeshavealreadybegunacampaignofmisinformationinanefforttoblockthis.Theirbasicargumentisthatthegovernor?sproposalwillresultinanincreaseinunderagesales,drunkendriving,oranyotherpublichealthproblems.However,theythrowthesestatementsaroundwithoutofferinganysupportfortheirclaims—becausethereisnone.Whiletheliquorstoresfrequentlyclaimthatthelawshavebeenunchangedsincetheabolishment(廢除)ofProhibitionin1934,injustthepast20yearstherulesgoverningliquorstoreshavebeenchanged,permittingtheuseofonlinethird-partydeliveryservicesandallowingstorestoopenonSundays.Restaurantadvocatesdidn?topposetheseexpandedprivilegesbecausetheydidn?thaveasignificantimpactonrestaurantsales.Whathasn?tchangedofthelawsinceProhibitionistherestrictiononnewliquorstorelicensesthatgiveliquorstoresageographicterritorialmonopoly(壟斷)toprotectthemfromcompetition.Undertypicalcircumstances,theStateLiquorAuthoritywillonlyissueanewliquorstorelicenseifthenearbystoresreportsteadilyincreasingsales.Howeveranti-competitiveandoutdatedthisrestrictionmaybe,itdoesserveasaprotectionagainsttheirconcerns—intheveryunlikelyeventtheycometopass.Economically,thepandemichasbeenamajorhelptotheliquorstorebusiness.Beforethepandemic,liquorstoressold76%ofallliquorinNewYorkStateandnowtheysellnearly85%.Andremember,duringthisperiod,restaurantswerealloweddrinks-to-gosales,showingtheirfalseclaimsofeconomiccollapsearenotgroundedinrealityorexperience.Thesalesshiftfromrestaurantstoliquorstoresoverthepasttwoyearsdemonstratesclearlythatrestaurantshavelostsalestoliquorstores—wejustwanttostopthebleeding.Whiletherestaurantindustryreboundedforapartof2021,employmentstillremainsmorethan20%belowpre-pandemiclevels.12．Whydidliquorstoresopposetheproposalaccordingtotheauthor？________A．Threattopublichealth.B．Boostofunderagesales.C．Concernsabouttheirsales.D．Limitationstodrinkstogo.13．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph？________A．Liquorstoresareinadog-eat-dogworld.B．Prohibitionmakesliquorstoresdeadinthewater.C．Thenumberofliquorstoresisundercontrol.D．Whatliquorstoresworryaboutisreasonable.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”inthelastparagraphreferto？________A．Restaurants?. B．Governors?.C．NewYorkers?. D．Liquorstores?.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？________A．LetRestaurantsSellDrinksToGoB．DefendLiquorStoresPrivilegesC．LiquorIndustryIsLosingMoneyD．RestaurantsAreRacingWithLiquorStores【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是紐約州州長凱西·胡赫爾提議允許餐館在合理限制的情況下出售飲料，這一提議在整個紐約都受到了熱烈歡迎。但紐約的酒類商店已經(jīng)開始了一場不實信息的運動，試圖阻止這種情況的發(fā)生。12．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Gov.KathyHochul?spropos