Unit 4 課時1 Section A1a-2d【學(xué)案】（核心提要+精講專練） 人教版 八年級下冊英語教材講義

Unit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents？課時1SectionA（1a-2d）Learningaims:1.Tolearntoimportantwordsandphrases：allow,wrong,guess,deal,allowsb.todosth.,getintoafightwith,beangrywith,workout,callsb.up,surprisesb.,givesth.back,begoodat,hangoutwith,haveafightwith,waitthatlong,talkaboutImportantsentences：（1）What'swrong?（2）Whydon'tyougotosleepearlierthisevening?（3）IhavetoomuchhomeworksoIdon'thaveanyfreetimetodothingsIlike.2.學(xué)會用目標(biāo)句型談?wù)撟约号龅降膯栴}。3.學(xué)生學(xué)會解決自己的問題或給他人提建議。重點詞匯和短語1._______________v.允許；準(zhǔn)許2._______________adj.有毛病的；錯誤的3._______________v.猜測；估計4._______________n.協(xié)議；交易5.___________________________成功地發(fā)展；解決6.___________________________快速查看，瀏覽7.___________________________重要的事 8.____________________________哪兒不舒服？1.Myparentsdon’tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.我父母不允許我和朋友們一起出去閑逛。allow此處用作及物動詞，意為“允許，準(zhǔn)許”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事。 ?Myteachersdon’tallowustocutinline.老師不允許我們插隊。 ?MrsBlackdoesn’tallowhersontoplaycomputergamesonschoolnights. 布萊克夫人不允許她兒子在上學(xué)的夜晚打電腦游戲。（2）（not）allowdoingsth（不）允許做某事。 ?Thecinemadoesn’tallowsmoking.電影院不允許吸煙。 ?Wedonotallowsmokinginthehall.我們不準(zhǔn)有人在大廳內(nèi)吸煙。（3）beallowedtodosth被允許做某事。 ?Weareallowedtomakepostersbyourselves.我們被允許自己制作海報。（4）allowsbin/out允許某人進(jìn)入/出去。 ?Shedoesn’tallowcatsinherkitchen.她不準(zhǔn)貓進(jìn)廚房。學(xué)科！網(wǎng) ?Theprisonersareallowedoutforanhour’sexerciseeachday.犯人每天有一小時的放風(fēng)時間。【知識拓展】allow常用于被動語態(tài),常用結(jié)構(gòu)be(not)allowed或be(not)allowedtodosth。?Weshouldbeallowedtodesignourownschooluniforms.我們應(yīng)該被允許設(shè)計自己的校服。?Ifyoudon’thaveadriver’slicense,youarenotallowedtodrive.如果你沒有駕照,就不允許你開車。我們應(yīng)該允許青少年選擇他們自己的服飾。（煙臺）Weshould_____________teenagersto_____________theirownclothes.2.What’swrong?怎么了？(1)wrong形容詞，意為“有毛病，錯誤的”，反義詞為right(正確的)。 ?Sorry,Imusthavedialledthewrongnumber. 對不起，我一定是撥錯電話號碼了。(2)What’swrong?是口語中的常用句型，其主要用法有：◆用于詢問某人有什么問題或有什么不順心的事，意為“怎么了？/出了什么事？哪兒不舒服？” ?—What’swrong,Jack?杰克，怎么了？ —Ileftmybagonthebus.我把包忘在公交車上了。◆用于詢問某物出了什么毛病，意為“出了什么毛病？” ?What’swrongwithyourcar?你的車出了什么毛??？—__________?—Mybikeisbroken. A.Whatisit B.Whatiswrongwithyou C.Whereisit D.Whoseisthis3.because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的用法教材原文I'mreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累,因為我昨天晚上一直學(xué)習(xí)到半夜.because是連詞,意為“因為”,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句.because和so不能同時使用.Hewillsellhishousebecauseheneedsmoney.因為他需要錢,所以他將出售他的房子.知識點四until的用法教材原文I'mreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.我真的很累,因為我昨天晚上一直學(xué)習(xí)到半夜.until在此處作介詞,意為“直到······為止”.I'dliketostayhereuntilChristmas.我想在這兒一直待到圣誕節(jié).拓展until還可以用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句.用于肯定句時,主句的動詞用延續(xù)性動詞,它所表示的動作一直持續(xù)到until表示的時間為止,意為“直到······為止”We'llwaituntiltherainstops.我們將一直等到雨停.用于否定句時,主句的動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞,它所表示的動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生,意為“直到······(才)”Theydidnotreturnhomeuntilitbegantorain.直到天開始下雨他們才回家.例IwaitedforAlaninthehotel.However,hedidn'tcome________Ileftthere.A.orB.sinceC.untilD.but4.lookthrough的用法教材原文Well,Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.哦,昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我姐姐正在翻看我的東西.本句中的lookthrough是固定短語,意為“快速查看;瀏覽”.Ilookedthroughthenotesbeforetheexam.我考試前匆匆看了一下筆記.拓展look的短語小結(jié):lookat看lookup向上看;查閱lookfor尋找lookout小心lookafter照顧lookupto仰慕;尊敬lookinto調(diào)查lookdownon看不起lookthrough瀏覽lookover檢查lookaround環(huán)顧;四下察看lookforwardto期待例Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutspace,please________thebookABriefHistoryofTime.A.lookthrough B.lookaround C.lookafter D.lookdownuponsothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的用法教材原文Butwhydon'tyouforgetaboutitsothatyoucanbefriendsagain?但你為什么不把它忘了呢?這樣你們就可以再做朋友了.sothat意為“以便;為了”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句.Heworeamasksothatnoonecouldrecognizehim.他戴了一個面罩,為的是沒有人可以認(rèn)出他來.辨析sothat、so...that、such...that的區(qū)別sothatsothat意為“以便;為了”,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句so...thatso...that表示“如此······以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,so后跟形容詞或副詞such...thatsuch...that表示“如此······以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,such后跟名詞IraisedmyvoicesothatIcouldmakemyselfheard.我提高了聲音,以便讓大家都能聽到我說的話.Sheissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikeher.她是這么好的一位老師,我們都喜歡她.例Youshouldtalktoyourparents________theycanunderstandyouwell.A.if B.although C.sothat D.unless6.workout的用法教材原文Hopethingsworkout.希望事情會好起來.workout屬于“動詞＋副詞”的短語搭配,意為“解決;成功地發(fā)展”.如果賓語是名詞,既可以放在out前,也可以放在out后;若賓語是代詞,只能放在work和out之間.Ihopetheprojectcanworkoutfine.我希望這個項目能順利發(fā)展.Sheisexperiencedenoughtoworkouttheproblems.她足夠有經(jīng)驗,能夠解決這些問題.拓展動詞＋outcheckout查證turnout結(jié)果是goout出去giveout分發(fā);發(fā)放findout查明runout用完tryout試用;試驗setout動身;出發(fā)例Ireallyhopethings________.A.giveaway B.giveout C.putoff D.workout7.Well,Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.哦，昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)我妹妹在亂翻我的東西。（1）findsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。 ?Ifindagirldancingunderthetree.我發(fā)現(xiàn)有個女孩正在樹下跳舞?！局R拓展】（1）find后常接復(fù)合賓語，即賓語＋賓補。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等充當(dāng)，find后的賓補一般不用不定式，但可用tobe，且?？墒÷?。?Ifindheraneasywomantoworkwith.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她是個好共事的女人。?Wefindthestory（tobe）veryinteresting.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個故事很有趣。（2）findsbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的是正在做的事。而findsbdosth表示＂發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事＂，強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的是動作的全過程。?WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhimsingingintheroom.當(dāng)我到達(dá)那里的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在房間里唱歌。?Ifoundamancrossthestreet.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個男人穿過了馬路。例：WhenIwentintotheroom,Ifound_____________inbed.A.himlying B.helyingC.helies D.himwaslying（2）lookthrough瀏覽，看一遍，翻閱。 ?Lookthroughthisarticleandtelluswhatyouthinkofit. 把這篇文章瀏覽一下，然后告訴我們你的看法。 ?Pleaselookthroughyournotetomakesurethatyouareright. 請查看你的筆記以確保正確。學(xué)科！網(wǎng)【知識拓展】lookat看lookfor尋找lookout當(dāng)心lookafter照顧lookup查閱例：Almosteveryuniversitynowhasawebsitewhichallowsusto_____________theinformationaboutit.A.lookatB.lookafterC.lookaround D.lookthrough8.Well,Iguessyoucouldtellhertosaysorry.哦，我想你可以要她道歉。guessv.猜測；估計。在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句含有Ithink/guess/believe等時，從句的否定意義應(yīng)在主句上變化，一般疑問句也在主句上變化，從句無需變化；反意疑問句的主語和助動詞要看從句，但此時否定和肯定要看主句，即否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。?Idon’tguessitwillrain.我估計不會下雨。?DoyouguessIcanworkouttheproblem?你認(rèn)為我能算出這道題？?Iguesstheboycanswim,can’the?我猜這個男孩會游泳，對不對？【知識拓展】由say構(gòu)成的常見口語表達(dá)saysorry(tosb)表示＂(向某人)道歉＂之意。類似這樣的口語表述還有：sayhello/hito...向……問候；問候……saythankyouto...或saythanksto...向……致謝saygoodbyeto...向……道別sayyesto...對……表示同意saynoto...對……表示不同意；拒絕【易混辨析】tell及物動詞，常用于：tellsbsth=tellsthtosb告訴某人某事say一般作及物動詞用，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容，賓語可以是名詞、代詞或賓語從句talk一般為不及物動詞，意為＂交談，談話＂，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之間的交談speak強(qiáng)調(diào)說的動作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容。作及物動詞時，后常跟某種語言作賓語；作不及物動詞時，常用短語speaktosb＂跟某人講話＂9.Althoughshe’swrong,it’snotabigdeal.盡管她做得不對，但也沒什么了不起的。（1）although作連詞，意為＂雖然；盡管；即使＂，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。與though同義。 ?Althoughitisraininghard,theyarestillworkinginthefields. 雖然天在下著大雨，但他們還在地里干活。 ?Althoughheisverypoor,heisreadytohelpothers. 盡管他很窮，他總是樂于助人?！局R拓展】①although/though用作連詞，意為＂雖然，盡管＂，這兩個詞都不能與but連用，即用了although/though就不能再用but，不過可以與yet/still一起使用。盡管他身體不好，但是他工作很努力。正：Although/Thoughheisinpoorhealth,heworkshard.正：Heisinpoorhealth,butheworkshard.誤：Although/Thoughheisinpoorhealth,butheworkshard.②eventhough/if即使，盡管；asthough/if好像，仿佛（這兩個詞組中though都不可以換為although）。（2）dealn.協(xié)議；交易bigdeal是英語中的一個固定搭配，表示＂重要的事情或狀況＂，多用于非正式交流。作否定用法時，常說It’snotabigdeal.或It’snobigdeal.表示說話人并不認(rèn)為某事有什么了不起。 ?There’sasoccergameonTVthiseveningbutIdon’thavetowatchit.It’snobigdeal. 今天晚上電視上有一場足球賽，但我不一定要看。沒什么大不了的。?It’sabigdeal,David,biggerthanyouknow.這事挺重要的，戴維，比你所知道的要重要?！局R拓展】deal還可作動詞，意為＂處理＂，dealwith處理。提問時，常與how連用。?Whydon’tyoulearntodealwiththeproblembyyourself?你為什么不學(xué)著獨自處理這個問題呢？Ittookmealmostawholedayto_____________somanyemails.A.dealwith B.cutinC.cheerforD.runout一、單項選擇1．—Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?—No,you_________.You________toleaveuntilthebellrings.A．maynot;aren’tallowed B．mustn’t;aren’tallowedC．needn’t;areallowed D．needn’t;aren’tallowed2．—IthinkI’mtheshyestinmyclass.WhatshouldIdo?—Bemoreactive________youcanimproveyourabilitytoexpress（表達(dá)）yourself.A．sothat B．unless C．or D．a(chǎn)lthough3．Iamshy.Iamalwaystoo________tospeakinthefrontoftheclassroom.A．disappointed B．happy C．surprised D．nervous4．Mrs.Li________thetestpapersandaskedustofinishthemcarefully.A．gaveout B．helpedout C．workedout D．hungout5．—Thesummervacationiscoming.Whydon’tyou________tothebeachtoenjoythesunshine?—Soundsgreat!A．went B．go C．goes D．going二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空6．Alicesaysthatshe________(return)fromtheUSAintwodays.7．Drivingafterdrinkingalcohol__________(notallow)inChina.8．—Whenshallwegotowatchthefootballleaguematch(聯(lián)賽)?—Notuntilthework_________(finish)nextSaturday.9．Mostofthemhaveno________(communicate)withtheirparents,sotheycan’tunderstandeachother.10．Hewentoutwithout________(say)aword.三、完形填空Studentsmayhaveproblemswiththeirminds.Somestudentsbecomeworriedbecausetheyhavetostudyvery___11___.Othershavetroublegettingonwellwithpeopleliketheirparentsandclassmates.AstudentofGrade8couldnotunderstandhisteacherandwasdoing___12___inhislessons.Hebecamesoworriedaboutitthathe___13___tocuthisfingerwithaknife.Anotherstudentwasafraidof___14___.Shegotveryworried___15___shelookedattheexampaper,andshecouldwritenothing.Areportsaysthat18%ofShanghai’sstudentshavemental（心理的）problems.Theirtroublesincludebeingworriedand___16___,havingproblemsinlearningandgettingonwithpeople.Manystudentswhohaveproblemswon’taskfor___17___.Somethinktheywilllookstupidiftheygotoseeadoctor.Othersdon’twanttotalk___18___theirsecrets.Afamousexpertonstudentshasthefollowing___19___:●Talktoyourparentsandteachersoften.●Takepartingroupactivitiesandplaysports.●Gotoseeadoctorifyoufeelunhappy____20____unwell.11．A．hard B．hardly C．easy D．easily12．A．worse B．badly C．well D．better13．A．refused B．stopped C．forgot D．started14．A．friends B．exams C．doctors D．books15．A．when B．what C．where D．why16．A．happy B．unhappy C．lucky D．unlucky17．A．success B．chance C．help D．dream18．A．to B．with C．a(chǎn)bout D．in19．A．roads B．facts C．doors D．suggestions20．A．a(chǎn)s B．or C．but D．so閱讀理解AHandshakes,kisses,hugging…peopleallovertheworldgreeteachotherindifferentways.BecauseoftheoutbreakofCOVID-19,peoplearechanginghowtheygreeteachothertostopthevirusfromspreading(傳播).Theyhavecomeupwithsomegoodwaystosayhello.FranceFrenchpeoplelovetokissonthecheek,evenbetweenpeoplewhohaveonlyjustmet.Askissingandhandshakingmayspreadthevirus,aFrenchexpertsayssimplylookingintoaperson’seyesisgoodenoughasagreeting.AustraliaHoldingyourhandouttoshakehandsispopularinAustralia.However,it’sriskyatthistime.Peoplesaidtheycouldpat(輕拍)eachotherontheback.IranInIran,avideohasgoneviral(在網(wǎng)上快速傳播的)online.Itshowsthreefriendsmeeting,handsintheirpockets,andtwoofthemhittingtheirfeetlightlyagainsteachotherasagreeting.Itseemstobeagoodwaytoreplacetheirtraditionalgreetings—handshakingandhugging.UAEAnose-to-nosegreetingispopularintheUnitedArabEmirates(阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國).Peoplethererub(摩擦)theirnosestogetheruponmeetingorleavingeachother’scompany.NowUAE’sHealthandPreventionMinistryisadvisingpeopletostopthistraditionalgreeting.Italsosaidthatpeopleshouldn’tshakehands,kissorhug.Instead,theyshouldgreeteachother“bymovingthehandfromsidetosideonly”.21．WhichofthefollowingistherightwaytogreeteachotherinFranceduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19?A．Kissingoneachother’scheek.B．Shakinghandswitheachother.C．Lookingintoeachother’seyes.D．Pattingeachotherontheback.22．Theunderlinedword“risky”means“”.A．possible B．dangerous C．sad D．terrible23．Topreventthevirusfromspreading,itispopulartotapeachother’sfeettogreetin.A．France B．Australia C．Iran D．UAE24．WhichofthefollowingisUAE’sHealthandPreventionMinistry’sgreetingway?A． B． C． D．25．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．GreetingsduringtheoutbreakofCOVID-19B．DifferentwaystosayhelloC．HowtokeepclosecontactD．WhyshouldwechangeourgreetingwaysBEveryoneneedsfriends.Thereisanoldsaying,"FriendsareGod'swayoftakingcareofus."Buthowdoyoufindrealfriendshipandkeepit?TheAmericanwriterSallySeamanstellsyoungstudentssomesmartwaystofindfriends.Sallysaysfoundingfriendshipisjustlikeplantingatree.Youplanttheseed（種子）andtakecareofittomakeitgrow.First,youshouldchooseafriend.Whatmakesagoodfriend?Itisnotbecauseapersonhasmoneyorgoodlooks.Agoodfriendshouldbekindandpatient.Forexample,ifyouhaveabadday,agoodfriendshouldlistentoyourcomplaints（抱怨）anddohisbesttohelp.Tomakeagoodfriend,youcannotbetooshy.Youshouldmakeeachotherhappyandshareyourlives.Butthingscannotalwaysbehappy.Eventhebestfriendshavefights.Whatshouldyoudowhenyouhaveafightwithyourfriend?Youhavetotalktohimorher.Whenthereisnoonearound,haveanhonest（誠實的）talk.Ifheorshedoesn'twanttotalk,youcouldwritealetter.Ifyouwanttobefriendsagain,youcantakethesesteps:Tellhimorherhowyouarefeeling;saywhatyourfriendhasdonewro