【解析】安徽省宣城市2019-2020學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測試英語試題

宣城市20192020學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期高一期末調(diào)研測試英語考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.考生作答時(shí)，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回4.本卷命題范圍：必修3和必修4.第一部分聽力第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.What'stheman'ssuggestion?A.Makingthereservation.B.Continuingwaitinghere.C.Goingtoanotherrestaurant.2.WhatwillPeterdofirst?A.Gohome.B.Dohishomework.C.Buysomecandy.3.WhatdoesthewomanaskMiketodo?A.Brushhisteeth.B.Savewater.C.Drinksomewater.4.Whydoesthemanseeminlowspirits?A.Hehasbeensickthisweek.B.Hemissedhisfavoritemovies.C.Hegotlittlesleepthesedays.5.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Theman'shealth.B.Theman'scookingskill.C.Theman'ssafetyinMexico.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheman'sproblem?A.Hehasabackache.B.Hetooktoomanypills.CHelostcontactwithhisdoctor.7.WhydoesDoctorGreenbreaktherulefortheman?A.Heisverypolite.B.Heisseriouslyill.C.Hecan'taffordafullcheckup.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman'sclassmate.B.Annie'ssister.C.Annie'sroommate.9.WhatdoesthemanwanttotellAnnie?A.Hisnewaddress.B.Hisvisit.C.Hotelinformation.10.HowcanAnniegetintouchwiththeman?A.GotoRoom668theTerminalHotel.B.Dialthephonenumber4934975.C.Sendhimanurgentmessage.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomaninvitethemantodotoday?A.Attendaparty.B.Studytogether.C.Seeafilm.12.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:15.B.At4:30.C.At4:45.13.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atthebookstore.B.Atanicecreamshop.C.Attheschoolgate.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthemando?A.Apoliceman.B.Afirefighter.C.Ajournalist.15.Howmanykidsdiedfromthefire?A.2.B.5.C.28.16.Wheredidtheboythrowthecigaretteend?A.Onthecarpet.B.Onthesofa.C.Onthetable.17.Whywastheboyabletotouchthecigaretteend?A.Hisfatheraskedhimtothrowit.B.Hisfatherwasdrunkandsleeping.C.Hisfatherlefthimaloneathome.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Howcanfrozenfoodbekeptcoldatordinarytemperatures?A.Byusingbags.B.Byusingwater.C.Byusingpaper.19.Whatisadvisedtodowhencamping?A.Keepmilkinacoolerbox.B.Nevercookmeatoreggs.C.Usespecialdryfoods.20.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtopickupfreshfood.B.Howtoeathealthilyindifferentweather.C.Howtokeepfoodfromgoingbadinsummer.第二部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AATreeGrowsinBrooklyn,byBettySmithATreeGrowsinBrooklynwasn'tanewbookwhenmymotherwasyoung.It'sthestoryofFrancieNolanstrugglingupinatenementslum(貧民區(qū))throughthecracksinthepavementtoreachthesun.ItmaybethebestbookI'veeverreadaboutpoverty,parenthood,theimmigrantexperience,andjustabouteverythingelse.MyfirstborndaughterisnamedFrancieNolan.Tobuy:$18,amazon.TheMalteseFalcon,byDashiellHammettMyalltimepersonalfavorite.Ilovethisbook,allofit:theplot,thecharacters,thedialogue,muchofwhichwasliftedverbatim(逐字逐句地)byJohnHustonforhisscreenplayforthebelovedmovieofthesamename.Thesinglebestmonologueinfictionappearstowardtheend,whenSamSpadetellsBrigidO'Shaughnessywhyhe'sgivinghertothepolice.Tobuy:$14,amazon.Gilead,byMarilynneRobinsonOhsohardtochoose!ButI'llgowithGilead.Anupliftingtaleofloveinitsmanyforms,toldinastyleinwhicheverywordisperfect.Ajoyousread.Tobuy:$15amazon.FarFromtheTree:Parents,ChildrenandtheSearchforIdentity,byAndrewSolomonIfyouthink700pagesonthemanywaysinwhichunusualkids(autistic,deaf,criminal,genius)canstretch(延伸)theirfamilies'conception(理解)oflovedoesn'tsoundlikesummertimereading,FarFromtheTree:Parents,ChildrenandtheSearchforIdentitywillteachyouotherwise.Tobuy:$37.50,amazon.1.WhatisspecialaboutTheMalteseFalcon?A.Itcan'tbeboughtonline. B.Itwasmadeintoafilm.C.It'sabouthowtobeaparent. D.Ittellshowtotreattheloved.2.HowmuchshouldyoupayforoneFarFromtheTreeandoneGilead?A.$52.50. B.$29. C.$32. D.$55.50.3.Whichofthefollowingtellsushowtogetalongwellwithourfamily?A.GileadB.TheMalteseFalcon.C.ATreeGrowsinBrooklyn.D.FarFromtheTree:Parents,ChildrenandtheSearchforIdentity.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四本書，包括其內(nèi)容簡介和價(jià)格等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMalteseFalcon部分中Ilovethisbook,allofit:theplot,thecharacters,thedialogue,muchofwhichwasliftedverbatim(逐字逐句地)byJohnHustonforhisscreenplayforthebelovedmovieofthesamename.可知我喜歡這本書，所有的一切：情節(jié)、人物、對白，其中很多內(nèi)容都是JohnHuston為他心愛的同名電影所寫的劇本逐字摘錄的。由此可知，這本書已經(jīng)被拍成電影。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Gilead部分中Tobuy:$15,amazon.(亞馬遜15美元購買)以及FarFromtheTree部分中Tobuy:$37.50,amazon.(亞馬遜37.50美元購買)由此可知，F(xiàn)arFromtheTree和Gilead一共需要15+37.5=52.5美元。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Ifyouthink700pagesonthemanywaysinwhichunusualkids(autistic,deaf,criminal,genius)canstretch(延伸)theirfamilies'conception(理解)oflovedoesn'tsoundlikesummertimereading,FarFromtheTree:Parents,ChildrenandtheSearchforIdentitywillteachyouotherwise.可知如果你認(rèn)為700頁的篇幅講述了不同尋常的孩子（自閉癥、聾啞人、罪犯、天才）如何延伸他們家庭的愛的理解，聽起來不像是暑期讀物，那么FarFromtheTree:Parents,Children和theSearchforIdentity會(huì)告訴你另外的東西。由此可知，F(xiàn)arFromtheTree:Parents,ChildrenandtheSearchforIdentity告訴我們?nèi)绾闻c家人相處好。故選D。BEveryday,unemployedmengatherinJacksonHeights,Queens.Manyofthemarehomeless.Allofthemarehungry.Ataround9:30eachnight,Munoz'struckarrives,filledwithhotfood,coffeeandhotchocolate.Formorethanfouryears,Munozandhisfamilyhavebeenfeedingthoseinneedsevennightsaweek,365daysayear.MunozwasborninColombiaandhisfatherdiedinanaccidentwhenhewasyoung.WhenhismotherfounditdifficulttosupportMunozandhissister,shemadeherwaytoNewYork,findingworkinBrooklynasanurse.Asimmigrants(移民),theyoftensufferedstarvation.LaterMunozfoundajobasabusdriver.“WhenIseetheseguysonthestreet,it'slikeseeingme20yearsagowhenIcametothiscountry,”Munozrecalls.MunozbeganhismealprogramAnAngelinQueensinthesummerof2004.Withinafewmonths,Munozandhismotherwerepreparing20homecookedmealsdaily.Numbersgraduallyincreasedovertheyearsto35pernight,then60.Inrecentmonths,thatnumberhasjumpedtoasmanyas140mealsanight.Munozgetsuparound5:00a.m.todrivehisbusroute,andhecallshomeonhisbreakstoseehowthecookingisgoing.Whenhegetshomearound5:30p.m.—oftenstoppingtopickupfooddonationshehelpspackupmealsbeforeheadingoutto“hiscorner”inJacksonHeights.“Heesherewithoutfail,”saysoneofthemen.“Itcouldbecold,itcouldbereallyhot,buthe'shere.”WatchMunozinactioninQueens,NewYork.“IfIdon'tgo,I'mgoingtofeelbad,”hesays.“Iknowthey'regoingtobewaitingforme.”Munozestimates(估計(jì))thatfoodandgascostapproximately$400to450aweek;heandhisfamilyarefundingtheoperationthroughtheirsavingsandhisweekly$700paycheck.Askedwhyhespendssomuchtimetohelppeoplehedoesn'tknow,heanswers,“Ihaveastablejob,mymom,myfamily,ahouseeverythingIwant,Ihave.Andtheseguysdon't”.SoIjustthink,'OK,Ihavethefood.Atleastfortodaythey'regoingtohaveamealtoeat.’”MunozwasnamedoneoftheCNNheroes.4.WhydidMunoz'smotherleaveColombiaforNewYork?A.BecauseMunoz'sfatherworkedinNewYork.B.BecausetheywerenotusedtothelifeinColombia.C.Becauseshecouldn'tsupportthefamilyinColombia.D.BecauseshewasborninNewYork.5.Asimmigrants,Munoz'sfamilyA.wereoftenhelpedbythegovernment B.oftenwenthungryC.werelookeddownupon D.wentbegginginthestreet6.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeMunoz?A.Lucky. B.Kind. C.Adventurous. D.Devoted.7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Abusdriverprovidedfreehomecookedmeals.B.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.C.Thegovernmenthelpedimmigrants.D.CNNheroeswereaskedtohelpimmigrants.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一名公共汽車司機(jī)Munoz和他家人盡全力幫助那些失業(yè)并且饑餓的人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中WhenhismotherfounditdifficulttosupportMunozandhissister,shemadeherwaytoNewYork,findingworkinBrooklynasanurse.可知當(dāng)他的母親發(fā)現(xiàn)很難養(yǎng)活Munoz和他的妹妹時(shí)，她去了紐約，在布魯克林找到了一份護(hù)士的工作。由此可知，Munoz的母親移民紐約是因?yàn)樵诟鐐惐葋喫裏o法支撐這個(gè)家了。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Asimmigrants(移民),theyoftensufferedstarvation.可知作為移民，他們經(jīng)常挨餓。由此可知，作為移民，Munoz的家人經(jīng)常挨餓。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Askedwhyhespendssomuchtimetohelppeoplehedoesn'tknow,heanswers,“Ihaveastablejob,mymom,myfamily,ahouseeverythingIwant,Ihave.Andtheseguys＂don't”.SoIjustthink,'OK,Ihavethefood.'Atleastfortodaythey'regoingtohaveamealtoeat.”可知當(dāng)被問及為什么花這么多時(shí)間去幫助陌生人時(shí)，他回答:“我有一份穩(wěn)定的工作，我媽媽，我的家庭，一所房子……我想要的，我都有。這些人沒有。所以我就想，‘好吧，我有食物了，至少今天讓他們能吃上飯。’”結(jié)合文章講到Munoz花很長的時(shí)間盡其所能地去幫助別人，說明他是一個(gè)很善良的人。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Everyday,unemployedmengatherinJacksonHeights,Queens.Manyofthemarehomeless.Allofthemarehungry.Ataround9:30eachnight,Munoz'struckarrives,filledwithhotfood,coffeeandhotchocolate.Formorethanfouryears,Munozandhisfamilyhavebeenfeedingthoseinneedsevennightsaweek,365daysayear.可知每天，失業(yè)的男人都聚集在皇后區(qū)的杰克遜高地。他們中的許多人無家可歸。他們都餓了。每天晚上9點(diǎn)半左右，穆諾茲的卡車就會(huì)來，里面裝滿了熱食物、咖啡和熱巧克力。四年多來，穆諾茲和他的家人每年365天，每周7個(gè)晚上都在為那些需要幫助的人提供食物。結(jié)合文章主要講述了Munoz是一名公共汽車司機(jī)，他和家人通過運(yùn)送免費(fèi)的家常菜來幫助那些失業(yè)且饑餓的人。由此可知，這篇文章的主旨是一位巴士司機(jī)提供免費(fèi)的家常飯。故選A。CTheBigBenislocatedinthetowerattheeasternendoftheHousesofParliament,Westminster,GreaterLondon.ItwasdesignedbyEdmundBeckettandBaronGrimthorpe.TheBigBenisveryfamousthroughouttheworld,butnobodyreallyknowswhyitiscalledBigBen.Therearetwohearsaysaboutthis.SomepeoplesaythatitwasnamedafterBenjaminCaunt,aboxer,whowascalledBigBen.MorepeoplebelieveitwascalledafterWelshman,SirBenjaminHall.Hewasthemissioner(特派員)oftheworkatthetimeofitsinstallationin1859.Astorywastoldthatduringadebateinthemonsonwhattocallthebell,SirBenjaminwasabouttogivehisideaswhenaMPwhosatbehindthefrontbenchshouted,“Let'scallitBigBen!”Thenthisnamecameintobeing.Thebellhasn'tgonethroughasmoothroadsincethebeginningofitsdesign.Becausetherewasgreatdisagreementaboutthedesignoftheclock.Ittookfifteenyearstobuild.In1857,thebellwaspletedandtestedontheground,butafourfootcrackappearedandthebellhadtobecastagain.Finally,theclockstartedtickingon31May,1859,andstruckitsfirstchime(報(bào)時(shí))on11,July.TheninSeptember,thebellcrackedagain.Itwassilentforfouryearsbutwaseventuallyturnedaquarterofarevolution(旋轉(zhuǎn)).Inthisway,thecrackwasnotunderthestrikinghammer.Craftsmenmadeasquareabovethecracktostopitgrowinglongeranditcanstillbeseentoday.TheBigBenisfamousnotonlyforits13tonweight,butalsoforitsaccuracy(準(zhǔn)確性)whichisaresultofitsprecisemechanism(機(jī)械裝置).Evenoneextrapenny'sweightonthebalancewillcauseagainoftwofifthsofasecondintwentyfourhours.Althoughtherehavebeenseveralproblems,thebellisstillstrikingtoday.ItschimescanbeheardallovertheworldontheB.B.C.8.WhatcanweknowabouttheBigBen?A.ItislocatedintheHousesofParliament. B.Itisthelargestandtallestclocktowerintheworld.C.Itiswellknownallovertheworld. D.Itistheheaviestclockintheworld.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thebellworkedwellatitsfirsttest.B.Theconstructionoftheclockwaslongbutnotsmooth.C.Theclockstartedtostrikechimeson31May,1859.D.Thecrackfinallydisappearedafteraquarterofarevolution10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestexplainwhyBigBenisworldfamous?A.Accurateandheavy. B.Accurateandcolorful.C.Heavyandcolorful. D.Attractiveandaccurate.11.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.SirBenjaminHallwasafamousarchitectatthattime.B.Eventhetiniestextraweightonthebalancewillaffecttheclock'saccuracy.C.Thechimesoftheclockcouldbeheardallovertheworld.D.Theclockhasbeentickingeversince31May,1859.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。大本鐘位于大倫敦區(qū)威斯敏斯特議會(huì)大廈東端的塔中。它是由EdmundBeckett和BaronGrimthorpe設(shè)計(jì)的。主要介紹了大本鐘的得名和設(shè)計(jì)建造過程?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中TheBigBenisveryfamousthroughouttheworld,butnobodyreallyknowswhyitiscalledBigBen.可知大本鐘在全世界都很有名，但是沒有人真正知道它為什么被稱為大本鐘。由此可知，大本鐘世界聞名。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Thebellhasn'tgonethroughasmoothroadsincethebeginningofitsdesign.Becausetherewasgreatdisagreementaboutthedesignoftheclock.Ittookfifteenyearstobuild.可知這個(gè)鐘從設(shè)計(jì)之初就沒有走過一條平坦順利的道路。因?yàn)樵跁r(shí)鐘的設(shè)計(jì)上有很大的分歧。它花了15年的時(shí)間才建成。由此可知，這個(gè)鐘的建造時(shí)間很長，而且不順利。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中TheBigBenisfamousnotonlyforits13tonweight,butalsoforitsaccuracy(準(zhǔn)確性)whichisaresultofitsprecisemechanism(機(jī)械裝置).可知大本鐘不僅因其13噸的重量而聞名，而且因其精密的機(jī)械裝置而聞名于世。由此可知，大本鐘聞名于世界是因?yàn)樗木_和重量。故選A。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Evenoneextrapenny'sweightonthebalancewillcauseagainoftwofifthsofasecondintwentyfourhours.可知哪怕多出一分錢的重量，也會(huì)在二十四小時(shí)內(nèi)增加五分之二秒。由此可知，哪怕是最微小的額外重量也會(huì)影響大本鐘的精度。故選B。DForthefirsttime,acausallinkhasbeenestablishedbetweenclimate(氣候)changeandthetimingofanaturaleventtheappearanceofthemonbrownbutterfly.Althoughtherehavebeenstrongconnectionsbetweenglobalwarmingandchangesinthetimingofeventssuchasanimalmigrationandflowering,ithasbeenhardtoshowacauseandeffectlink.ThisiswhatMichaelKearneyandNatalieBriscoeoftheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia,havenowdone.TheresearchersparedtemperaturechangesinMelbournewherethebutterflyismonwithrecordedobservationsofthefirstbrownbutterflytobeseeninthespringsincethe1940s.Witheachofthepasttenyears,thebutterfliesappeared1.6daysearlierandMelbourneheatedby0.14℃.Overall,thebutterflynowappearsonaverage10.4daysbeforeitdidinthe1940s.Thepairareconfidentintherelationshipfortworeasons.First,theyplacedeggsofthebutterfly,inspecialboxeswheretemperaturecouldbecontrolledandfoundthateachlarvalstagehadadifferentresponsetowarmerthannormalconditions.Theegg,whichislaidinlatesummer,andthefirstlarvalstagedowellathightemperatures,saysKearney.Thesecondtothefifthstagesoccurinwinterandcan'tsurvivehightemperatures.Theknockoneffectisthatthelarvalpupatesearlierandthebutterflyappearssooner.Second,theymadeamathematicalmodelbiningthesephysiologicaleffectsoftemperatureondevelopmentwithclimatedata.Themodelpreciselymatchedtheobservedchangesinbutterflyemergencedate.TheresearchersusedseveralclimatemodelstofindoutwhatislikelytohavecausedtheriseinMelbourne'stemperature,andruledoutthepossibilitythatnaturalweathereventscouldaccountforthewarming.12.Whatistherelationshipbetweentheriseintemperatureandthebutterflyappearance?A.Theyarelinkedinadifficultway.B.Theyarerelatedinacauseandeffectway.C.Theyhaveadirectrelationshipwitheachother.D.Theyhavenoconnectionwitheachother.13.Whyweretheresearchersconfidentabouttheirfinding?A.Theyhadusedthemostadvancedequipmentintheworld.B.Theirfindinggotsupportfromthetextbooks.C.Theresultsoftheirstudyisbasedonexpertjudgement.D.Theirexperimentprovedtheirpreviousguessing.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"Theknockoneffect"inparagraph4mean?A.Theeffectcausedbythethingthathappenedbefore.B.Theeffectofthingsthathappenedatthesametime.C.Theeffectofonethingcausingtheotherlongafter.D.Theeffectofonethingcausingtheotherquickly.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.TheexactreasonforMelbourne'stemperatureriseisveryclear.B.Climatemodelscannotexactlyshowclimatechangeinhistory.C.Thetimingofthebutterflyappearancewillbeearlierwithincreasedwarming.D.Theriseintemperaturedecidesthepossibilityofnaturalweatherevents.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了隨著氣候的改變，動(dòng)物的習(xí)性也會(huì)有所改變。蝴蝶出現(xiàn)得比以往早，就是因?yàn)闅夂蜃兣??！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Forthefirsttime,acausallinkhasbeenestablishedbetweenclimate(氣候)changeandthetimingofanaturaleventtheappearanceofthemonbrownbutterfly.可知這是第一次在氣候變化和自然事件——普通棕蝶的出現(xiàn)——發(fā)生的時(shí)間之間建立了因果關(guān)系。由此可知，溫度的上升和蝴蝶的出現(xiàn)有因果關(guān)系。故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Witheachofthepasttenyears,thebutterfliesappeared1.6daysearlierandMelbourneheatedby0.14℃.Overall,thebutterflynowappearsonaverage10.4daysbeforeitdidinthe1940s.(在過去的十年里，蝴蝶的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間每年提前1.6天，墨爾本氣溫也升高了0.14℃。總的來說，現(xiàn)在的蝴蝶平均出現(xiàn)時(shí)間比20世紀(jì)40年代早了10.4天)以及第四段內(nèi)容Thepairareconfidentintherelationshipfortworeasons.First,theyplacedeggsofthebutterfly,inspecialboxeswheretemperaturecouldbecontrolledandfoundthateachlarvalstagehadadifferentresponsetowarmerthannormalconditions.Theegg,whichislaidinlatesummer,andthefirstlarvalstagedowellathightemperatures,saysKearney.Thesecondtothefifthstagesoccurinwinterandcan'tsurvivehightemperatures.Theknockoneffectisthatthelarvalpupatesearlierandthebutterflyappearssooner.Second,theymadeamathematicalmodelbiningthesephysiologicaleffectsoftemperatureondevelopmentwithclimatedata.Themodelpreciselymatchedtheobservedchangesinbutterflyemergencedate.可知他們之所以對自己的戀情充滿信心，有兩個(gè)原因。首先，他們把蝴蝶卵放在可以控制溫度的特殊盒子里，發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)幼蟲階段對溫度比正常情況有不同的反應(yīng)?？茽柲嵴f，在夏末產(chǎn)下的卵和第一個(gè)幼蟲階段在高溫下發(fā)育良好。第二到第五階段發(fā)生在冬天，不能在高溫下生存。撞擊效應(yīng)是幼蟲蛹化得早，蝴蝶出現(xiàn)得早。其次，他們制作了一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型，將溫度對發(fā)育的這些生理影響與氣候數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合起來。這個(gè)模型與觀察到的蝴蝶出現(xiàn)日期的變化非常吻合。由此可知，研究人員對他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)充滿信心，是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶?shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了他們先前的猜測。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分下文thelarvalpupatesearlierandthebutterflyappearssooner.可知蠶化蛹比以往早，變成蝴蝶也比以前快，說明是指以前發(fā)生的事情所造成的影響。故劃線部分意思是“以前發(fā)生的事情造成的影響”。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Witheachofthepasttenyears,thebutterfliesappeared1.6daysearlierandMelbourneheatedby0.14℃.Overall,thebutterflynowappearsonaverage10.4daysbeforeitdidinthe1940s.在過去的十年里，蝴蝶每年都會(huì)提前1.6天出現(xiàn)，墨爾本的溫度上升了0.14攝氏度?？偟膩碚f，現(xiàn)在蝴蝶出現(xiàn)的平均時(shí)間比20世紀(jì)40年代提前了10.4天。由此判斷出，蝴蝶出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間會(huì)隨著氣候變暖而提前。故選C。第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Theycameintothebakerywiththeirfather.Alittlebrotherandsisterbothwereveryrespectfulandreceptivetothemanwhoheldthedooropenforthem.___16___WhenIreceivedmychange,Igaveeachofthem￡landexplainedthatIwassoimpressedwiththeirgoodmanners.___17___Hethankedmeagainandagainformyreward.Heallowedthemtotakethemoney.IleftthebakeryandasIwasingoutofanothershopIranintothemagain,eachcarefullycarryingtheirlittletreatinalittlebakerybagsothatitdidnotgetdamaged.___18___AsIsmiledbackandwalkedtomycarIthoughtoftheireagernesstorelaythiseventtoMum.Asimpleactofkindnessstartedwiththemanwhoheldthebakerydooropen.___19___Weareheretoloveandserveeachother.___20___Letthekindnessspread!A.Whoknowswherethewaveswilllead.B.Theirdadwasnotbuyingpastries,onlybread.C.Theywavedtomeandsmiled;wewerenowfriends.D.Theirupbeat"thankyou"reallymadeanimpressiononme.E.Thoughtheywerepoorlydressedtheywerekindtoallthecustomersaround.F.Theycarriedallthegoodscarefullyandwalkedjoyfullywithallhappysmiles.G.Wesurelywillallowthispositiveeffecttomovethroughusintothelivesofothers.【答案】16.D17.B18.C19.A20.G【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述在購物時(shí)“我”遇見了非常有禮貌的一家人，“我”把零錢給了兩個(gè)孩子，以表揚(yáng)他們的禮貌。作者文末總結(jié)到，愛心是可以傳遞的?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文提示“Igaveeachofthem￡1andexplainedthatIwassoimpressedwiththeirgoodmanners”“我給了他們每人1英鎊，并解釋說他們的彬彬有禮給我留下了深刻印象?！笨芍?，他們的禮貌給“我”留下了深刻的印象。由此推知，D項(xiàng)Theirupbeat"thankyou"reallymadeanimpressiononme.（他們歡快的“謝謝”真的給我留下了深刻的印象。）承接下文。符合語境。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)第一段第一句Theycameintothebakerywiththeirfather.“他們和父親一起走進(jìn)面包店?！笨芍?，父親和孩子來買東西。下文提示“Hethankedmeagainandagainformyreward.Heallowedthemtotakethemoney.”“他因我的獎(jiǎng)賞而再三感謝我。他讓他們拿了錢?！笨芍?，此空在講述他們的父親買的東西。由此推知，B項(xiàng)Theirdadwasnotbuyingpastries,onlybread.（他們的父親并沒有買糕點(diǎn)，只是買了面包。）符合語境。。下文中的he指代的是該項(xiàng)中的Theirdad。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文提示“AsIsmiledback”可知，他們朝著“我”微笑。由此推知，C項(xiàng)Theywavedtomeandsmiled;wewerenowfriends.（他們向我揮手微笑，我們現(xiàn)在是朋友了。）承接下文。符合語境。關(guān)鍵詞是smiled，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“Asimpleactofkindnessstartedwiththemanwhoheldthebakerydooropen.”“一個(gè)簡單的善舉從打開面包店門的人開始?！笨芍?，一個(gè)小小的善舉會(huì)帶來如此美妙的感受。由此推知，A項(xiàng)Whoknowswherethewaveswilllead.（誰知道海浪會(huì)把你引向何方。）承接上文。符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文提示“Letthekindnessspread!”可知，作者希望積極的效應(yīng)會(huì)通過我們傳播到其他人的生活中。由此推知，G項(xiàng)Wesurelywillallowthispositiveeffecttomovethroughusintothelivesofothers.（我們一定會(huì)讓這種積極的影響通過我們進(jìn)入到別人的生活中。）符合語境。該項(xiàng)中的throughusintothelivesofothers和下文中的spread相吻合。故選G。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thepast6monthshavebeenonegreatchallenge.Aclosefriendofmine,Joanne,___21___theendofherlife.Sheknewit,andinsteadofregrettingandcrying,she___22___itandasshediedlastweekIthoughtofhowashootingstar___23___sobrightlyasittrailstheuniverse,rightbeforeit___24___.Itwasagreat___25___tohaveherpanythesepastmonths.Oneofthelastthingssheaskedmewastofindanorganization___26___womeningoutofprison,to___27___herbusinessclothingtothemforjobinterviews.Wefoundsucha___28___hereinRaleigh,NCwhereIlive.Ididn'tknowthe___29___forit,butthisiscalleda"Reentry"serviceorprogramandmanycountriesand____30____havethemallovertheworld.I____31____herdonationbeforeshedied,andsomehowthoughtaboutdoingaclothingdrive____32____Joanne'slifeandinvitingotherstogiftclothingto____33____morepeopleattheprogram.Well,I'mso____34____tosharethatitwentreallywell.Wehadalotof____35____fillingthejoyfulbusinessclothesformenandwomen.Itdidn't____36____anythingbutgas,timeandlove.Afewphonecalls,socialmediaposts,texts,andthebeautifulthingis____37____sheisgone,Ifeltlikewedidit____38____.Mydearmotherhelpedmetoo,anditfeltsogoodto____39____somethinginspiredbyJoanne'slifefor____40____blessingapopulationofpeoplethatmostoftenisoverlooked.21.A.escaped B.approached C.forgot D.lost22.A.hated B.admired C.refused D.accepted23.A.shines B.disappears C.fades D.occurs24.A.setsout B.esout C.goesout D.turnsout25.A.fortune B.pity C.opportunity D.success26.A.attracting B.forcing C.protecting D.supporting27.A.destroy B.throw C.provide D.collect28.A.method B.program C.challenge D.behaviour29.A.period B.change C.term D.meaning30.A.partners B.members C.mittees D.cities31.A.researched B.discovered C.inspired D.sent32.A.onbehalfof B.inhonorof C.insteadof D.inspiteof33.A.help B.educate C.persuade D.guide34.A.expressed B.tired C.excited D.expected35.A.pleasures B.treasures C.donations D.belongings36.A.save B.cost C.breath D.waste37.A.eventhough B.asif C.incase D.nowthat38.A.together B.forever C.perfectly D.immediately39.A.remember B.value C.notice D.organize40.A.kindness B.encouragement C.concern D.ignorance【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.A26.D27.C28.B29.C30.D31.D32.B33.A34.C35.C36.B37.A38.A39.D40.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的朋友Joanne上周去世了，作者繼承朋友的遺愿——尋找援助出獄女子的組織—并付諸行動(dòng)。最終作者體會(huì)到了幫助易忽視人群的意義?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一位密友Joanne接近了生命的盡頭。A.escaped逃跑；B.approached靠近；C.forgot忘記；D.lost失去。聯(lián)系下文shediedlastweek可知，作者的朋友Joanne接近生命的盡頭。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她知道這一點(diǎn)，但她沒有后悔和哭泣，而是接受了這一點(diǎn)。當(dāng)上周她去世的時(shí)候，我想到一顆流星在它熄滅之前，是如何在宇宙中劃過明亮的光芒。A.hated憎恨；B.admired欽佩；C.refused拒絕；D.accepted接受。根據(jù)上文Sheknewit,andinsteadofregrettingandcrying可知，Joanne對于死亡不是充滿怨恨和悲泣，而是接受了它。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她知道這一點(diǎn)，但她沒有后悔和哭泣，而是接受了這一點(diǎn)。當(dāng)上周她去世的時(shí)候，我想到一顆流星在它熄滅之前，是如何在宇宙中劃過明亮的光芒。A.shines閃耀；B.disappears消失；C.fades褪色；D.occurs發(fā)生。結(jié)合上文sobrightlyasittrailstheuniverse可知，Joanne像星星一樣閃耀地劃過宇宙。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她知道這一點(diǎn)，但她沒有后悔和哭泣，而是接受了這一點(diǎn)。當(dāng)上周她去世的時(shí)候，我想到一顆流星在它熄滅之前，是如何在宇宙中劃過明亮的光芒。A.setsout出發(fā)；B.esout出版；C.goesout熄滅，出去；D.turnsout結(jié)果是。依據(jù)上文shediedlastweekIthoughtofhowashootingstar43sobrightlyasittrailstheuniverse可知，她像星星一樣閃耀地劃過宇宙，而后熄滅。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的幾個(gè)月里有她的陪伴真是太幸運(yùn)了。A.fortune運(yùn)氣，財(cái)富；B.pity遺憾；C.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；D.success成功。根據(jù)下文haveherpanythesepastmonths可知，有Joanne數(shù)月的陪伴是莫大的運(yùn)氣。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她讓我做的最后一件事就是找一個(gè)支持出獄女性的組織，為她們提供工作面試時(shí)穿的職業(yè)裝。A.attracting吸引；B.forcing迫使；C.protecting保護(hù)；D.supporting支持。從下文herbusinessclothingtothemforjobinterviews可知，這個(gè)組織捐助女子衣物，是為出獄女子提供支持和援助的組織。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她讓我做的最后一件事就是找一個(gè)支持出獄女性的組織，為她們提供工作面試時(shí)穿的職業(yè)裝。A.destroy破壞；B.throw扔；C.provide提供；D.collect收集。根據(jù)上文提到這個(gè)組織是幫助出獄女子的和下文businessclothingtothemforjobinterviews可知，這個(gè)組織為女子們提供面試所需的衣物。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在我居住的北卡羅來納州羅利發(fā)現(xiàn)了這樣一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。A.method方法；B.program項(xiàng)目；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.behaviour行為。聯(lián)系上文Joanne要求作者尋找援助出獄女子的組織和下文butthisiscalleda'Reentry'serviceorprogram可知，作者找到了這樣的項(xiàng)目。故選B。29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道它的名稱，但這被稱為“Reentry”服務(wù)或計(jì)劃，世界上很多國家和城市都有。A.period時(shí)期；B.change改變；C.term術(shù)語，名稱；D.meaning意義。聯(lián)系下文“butthisiscalleda'Reentry'serviceorprogram”可得知，作者不知道它的術(shù)語是什么。term意思是“術(shù)語；名稱”。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道它的名稱，但這被稱為“Reentry”服務(wù)或計(jì)劃，世界上很多國家和城市都有。A.partners伙伴；B.members成員；C.mittees委員會(huì)；D.cities城市。從下文“allovertheworld”可知，Reentry遍布世界各地，且與前面的countries相呼應(yīng)，故選D。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在她去世前，我把她的捐款寄出去了，不知怎么的，我想做一個(gè)募捐活動(dòng)來紀(jì)念Joanne的一生，并邀請其他人捐贈(zèng)衣物來幫助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中更多的人。A.researched研究；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.inspired鼓舞；D.sent寄出。依據(jù)上文作者他們找到了援助出獄女子的組織可知，作者在朋友Joanne去世之前將她的捐贈(zèng)寄了出去。故選D。【32題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在她去世前，我把她的捐款寄出去了，不知怎么的，我想做一個(gè)募捐活動(dòng)來紀(jì)念Joanne的一生，并邀請其他人捐贈(zèng)衣物來幫助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中更多的人。A.onbehalfof代表；B.inhonorof為紀(jì)念；C.insteadof而不是；D.inspiteof盡管。根據(jù)全文，作者幫助出獄女子的始因是因?yàn)镴oanne的要求，因此作者想到開展募集衣物的活動(dòng)來紀(jì)念Joanne。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在她去世前，我把她的捐款寄出去了，不知怎么的，我想做一個(gè)募捐活動(dòng)來紀(jì)念Joanne的一生，并邀請其他人捐贈(zèng)衣物來幫助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中更多的人。A.help幫助；B.educate教育；C.persuade說服；D.guide指導(dǎo)。聯(lián)系空前invitingotherstogiftclothing可知，作者去邀請更多的人捐贈(zèng)衣服去幫助易忽視人群。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：嗯，我很興奮地告訴大家，一切都很順利。A.expressed直接的；B.tired疲憊的；C.excited激動(dòng)的；D.expected預(yù)期的。結(jié)合下文itwentreallywell可知，捐助進(jìn)行得很順利，作者很激動(dòng)。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們有許多捐贈(zèng)，里面裝滿了為男男女女準(zhǔn)備了很多令人愉快的職業(yè)裝。A.pleasures快樂；B.treasures寶物