【中學(xué)英語】語法專題 特殊句式

語法專項(xiàng)

特殊句式

整理ppt

考點(diǎn)一倒裝

㈠全部倒裝

1.

表示時(shí)間(now,then)或地點(diǎn)（方位）的副詞(here,there,up,down,in,out,away,off)或介詞短語放于句首時(shí)引起的句子要全部倒裝。注：在全部倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞是表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的不及物動(dòng)詞(如go,come，run，rush，fly)或系動(dòng)詞be,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來時(shí)或完成時(shí)態(tài)。

例1Atthefootofthemountain____.(06年四川卷)

A.avillagelie B.liesavillage

C.doesavillagelie D.lyingavillage

B整理ppt例2Justinfrontofourhouse____withahistoryof1,000years.(06年上海卷)

A.doesatalltreestandB.standsatalltree

C.atalltreeisstandingD.atalltreestands

2.代詞such放在句首，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是be。

SuchwasAlbertEinstein，asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist．Sucharethefacts；noonecandenythem．B整理ppt3.分詞與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語一起放在句首，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是be，主語是名詞。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutl7．Seatedonthegroundareagroupofyoungpeople.注：全部倒裝可用于定語從句中。Hesuddenlyfoundhimselfstandingatthefootofahill，ontopofwhichstoodanoldtemple．Thelittleboysatbyahouse,infrontof_______(be)sometrees.（2009天津）whichwere整理ppt

㈡部分倒裝1.將含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首引起的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類狀語有：not,never,barely,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,nolonger,hardly/scarcely….when…,nosooner…than…,notonly…but(also)…,notuntil…,neither…nor…等。

△但neither…nor…引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)分句中的主謂均要倒裝。NeitherdoIknowheraddress，nordoeshe．整理ppt

例3I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans____withmyprogress.(06年重慶卷)

A.theteacherisnotsatisfied B.istheteachernotsatisfied

C.theteacherissatisfied D.istheteachersatisfied

例4—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?

—No,nosooner____thanithappened.(06年天津卷)

A.hadshegone B.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone

DA整理ppt例5Notonly____interestedinfootballbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.(02年上海卷)

A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsare

B.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudents

C.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudents

D.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare

D整理ppt

2.only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句置于句首時(shí),主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝

例6Onlythen____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused?(06年陜西卷)

A.sherealizedB.shehadrealized

C.hadsherealizedD.didsherealize

D整理ppt

例7Sodifficult____ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.(06年廣東卷)

A.Ididfind B.didIfindC.Ihavefound D.haveIfound

Insuchahurry___hisofficethatheforgottolockthedoor. A.didheleave B.heleft C.hehadleft D.hasheleft

3.so/such…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的so,such連同它所修飾的成分位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝

BA整理ppt

4.so／neither／nor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時(shí)用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so／neither／nor＋助動(dòng)詞／系動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語”（so表示肯定意義；neither／nor表示否定意義）例8──It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?

──Yes.____yesterday.(06年福建卷)

A.Sowasit B.Soitwas C.Soitis D.Soisit

A整理ppt例9—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible.

—____.(04年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

A.NoramI B.NeitherwouldIC.Samewithme D.SodoI

B整理ppt如果so表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，即強(qiáng)調(diào)前面所說的情況的真實(shí)性時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)則是“so＋主語＋助動(dòng)詞／系動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”的形式，表示“某人或某事的確如此”。如：

例10──Well，Idothinktherabbitisabeautiful,gentleanimalwhichcanrunveryfast.(05年遼寧卷)

──_____.

A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SodoesitD.Soitdoes

A整理ppt

5.虛擬語氣條件狀語從句的倒裝

在虛擬語氣條件句中含有were,had,should等助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將if省略，把助動(dòng)詞放在條件狀語從句的句首。例11_______fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(06年湖北卷)

A.Wouldyoube B.ShouldyoubeC.Couldyoube D.Mightyoube

B整理ppt

例12______forthefreeticket,Iwouldnothavegonetoseethefilm.(95年上海卷)

A.Ifitisnot B.WereitnotC.Haditnotbeen D.Iftheywerenot

C整理ppt

6.as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

即as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句中必須將表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前），構(gòu)成“形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞原形+as/though+主語+謂語部分”的形式。

例13______,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritessingersafterclass.(05年重慶卷)

A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.Quietstudentashemaybe

C.BeaquietstudentashemaybeD.Quietashemaybeastudent

B整理ppt例14______,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho’sascapableasJohn.(01年上海卷)

A.AslongasIhavetraveledB.NowthatIhavetraveledsomuch

C.MuchasIhavetraveledD.AsIhavetraveledsomuch

C整理ppt

使用as/though進(jìn)行倒裝時(shí)需要注意的是：

①句首有名詞時(shí)，名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

②句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其他助動(dòng)詞則放在主語之后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語和狀語，則賓語和狀語隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語之前。如:

Tryhard

ashewill/Try

ashemight,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.

雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。

整理ppt1.(1997全國(guó)卷)_______,motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.Howeverlateishe B.HoweverheislateB.Howeverishelate D.Howeverlateheis2.(2004上海春季)________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing3.(2004湖北卷)Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep_____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whateverDCA7.however/nomatterhow整理ppt4.(2005天津)Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_______difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.althoughAhowever倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)為：

however/nomatterhow+adj./adv.+主語+謂語

however/nomatterhow+adj.+a+n.+主語+謂語

however/nomatterhow+many/much+n.+主語+謂語例如：Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,wemustmanagetosolveit.無論問題有多么困難，我們都必須設(shè)法解決。整理pptExercises:1.AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver___,oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqing B.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie2.Notuntilhelefthishome___toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A.didhebegin B.hadhebegunC.hebegan D.hehadbegun3.Welaughatjokes,butseldom___abouthowtheywork.A.wethink B.thinkweC.wedothink D.dowethinkAAD整理ppt

4.Johnopenedthedoor.There___hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstand B.agirlstoodC.didagirlstand D.stoodagirlD整理ppt考點(diǎn)二強(qiáng)調(diào)1．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型①強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的陳述句形式：Itis／was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that／who…

Itislwhoamtoblame．

Itiswhatheusedtodothatreallymatters．

Itwasthemanwhowasdressedinblackthathelpedtocatchthethief.Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn’tgotowork.整理ppt②

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句注：這時(shí)that／who從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用陳述語序。

IsitProfessorWangthat／whoteachesyouEnglish?Wasitin1786thatthemodernOlympicGamesstarted?

△強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可用于賓語從句中，但要注意語序要用陳述語序。如：Iwonderif/whetheritisProfessorWangthatteachesyouEnglish．整理ppt③

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式：疑問詞+is／wasitthat…?

注：這時(shí)that／who從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用陳述語序。

Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?

Whenwasitthatyoucalledmeyesterday?

Whyisitthatsmokingisnotallowedhere?

△強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可用于賓語從句中，但要注意語序的變化。如：

Idon’tunderstandwhyitisthatsmokingisnotallowedhere．整理ppt④

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用于強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until…句型形式：Itis／wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that…注：這時(shí)that／who從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式有變化。

Itwasnotuntilteno’clockthathewenttobed．⑤

變式強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：變式①Itmust／may／might

be…that…

變式②Itmust／may／mighthave

been…that…

變式③Itcan’t／couldn’t

be…that…

變式④Can／Couldit

be…that…?Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof．

CoulditbeTomthatismakingthenoise?整理ppt⑥較復(fù)雜的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

Isitinthefactory＿youvisitedlastweek＿＿thiskindofcarismade? A./;that B.where;when C.where;that D.／;whenItistheprotectionforthetrees＿＿＿＿reallymattersratherthanhowmanytreesareplanted. A.what B.that

C.／ D.whichItistheabilitytodothejob____matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.

A.one B.that C.what D.itItisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo___benefitsourworkmost.A.who B.which C.that D.what

ACBB整理ppt⑦

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，可先把itis／was和that去掉，如果剩下的部分無論在語法上還是在意義上都仍然是完整的句子，那么就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則就不是。

ItwasonJanuary1thatlpaidavisittomyIfriendJennifer．

ItwasJanuary1whenIpaidavisittomyfriendJennifer．

ItwasinthiscavethatChairmanMaoworkedwithhiscomradesforages．

ItwasthiscavewhereChairmanMaoworkedwithhiscomradesforages．整理ppt2.謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用助動(dòng)詞do，does或did。但謂語動(dòng)詞必須是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，且只能是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。

Ifyoudostay，letmeknow．

Hedidwritetoyoulastweek．另外，do還可用于對(duì)祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)。

Docomethisevening．整理ppt考點(diǎn)三therebe句式1．therebe句型是一種特殊句式，表示“在什么地方有什么人或事物”。在此句式中，be是謂語動(dòng)詞，be后面的名詞是主語。

Thereisatalltreeandchairsinfrontoftheclassroom．2．therebe句式中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，而且可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。Therehavebeenmanygreatchangesinourcountrysincethen．Theremustbeamistakesomewhere．整理ppt3.therebe句式中的be有時(shí)可用seemtobe，appeartobe,happentobe,usedtobe,havetobe,beexpectedtobe等替代。Therehappenedtobeamanwalkingby．Thereisexpectedtobeanannouncementabouttheprojectnextweek．4．therebe句式中的be可用remain，live，stand,lie,exist等不及物動(dòng)詞替代,表示存在。

Oncetherelivedakingwhocaredmoreaboutnewclothesthananythingelse．

Nooneknowsexactlyifthereexistotherlivingthingsintheuniverse．整理ppt5.therebe句式有時(shí)可用于非謂語動(dòng)詞中，用兩種形式：therebeing和theretobe。①therebeing在句中通常用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語或用在介詞或某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語。

Therebeingnofurtherbusiness，ldeclaredthemeetingclosed．

What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyear?Ican’timaginetherebeingsuchaquietplacehere．②theretobe在句中通常作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語。

ldon’twanttheretobeanotherconflict．Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewing classesbeforethefinalexams．整理ppt6．用于組成特殊句式①Thereisnopoint/sense(in)doing…“做某事沒用或沒有意義”Thereisnopointinworryingaboutit.②Thereisnoneedfor…/todo…“沒有必要…”Thereisnoneedtohurry.Wehaveenoughtime.③Thereisnodoubtabout…/that…“毫無疑問……”Thereisnodoubtthatshehastoldthetruth.整理ppt考點(diǎn)四祈使句1.祈使句的否定式是在前面加don’t或never. Don’tbesosure./Nevercomelateagain.2.祈使句可帶主語①為了加強(qiáng)語氣或特別指明向誰提出要求或發(fā)出指令，可加上主語“you”,或同時(shí)加上稱呼語。

Tom,youwatertheflowers!②命令或吩咐幾個(gè)人分別做幾件事時(shí)，祈使句需要帶主語“you”.You,girls,cleanthedesks;you,boys,sweepthefloor.整理ppt③表達(dá)“不高興、厭煩”等情緒時(shí)，可帶主語“you”. Youmindyouownbusiness!④祈使句的主語還可用“everyone;everybody;someone;somebody;nobody”或第三人稱。

Someoneanswerthephone!誰去接一下電話?、輼?gòu)成句式：祈使句+and/or(else)/otherwise+陳述句該祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。有時(shí)祈使句可省略動(dòng)詞，用一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語來代替。

Goaway,orIwillcallthepolice. Onemoreweek,andwewillaccomplishthework. Anotherstepfurther,andI’llshoot.整理ppt考點(diǎn)五反意疑問句1.簡(jiǎn)單句的反意疑問句everyone/everybody;someonesomebody;noone/nobody;none等表示人的不定代詞作主語時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語多用they,有時(shí)可用he;當(dāng)主語是everything;anything;something;nothing等時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語用it. NobodycamewhenIwasout,didthey? Everythinghasgonewrongtoday,hasn’tit?2.祈使句的反意疑問句祈使句的反意疑問句在句末加“willyou”;以let’s和letus開頭的祈使句，分別用shallwe

和willyou. Remembertocomeandjoinus,willyou? Don’tmakeanynoise,willyou?整理pptLet’sgetdowntowork,_______?Letuscalmdown,_______?3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問句①“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be”的反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞常用am/is/are.Youmustbeveryupset,aren’tyou?②“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞a.句中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，且過去分詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞常用didn’t;b.句中有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，且過去分詞是been，反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞常用wasn’t/weren’t;c.句中沒有時(shí)間狀語，反意疑問句的動(dòng)詞常用haven’t/hasn’t。shallwewillyou整理pptThechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday,__________?TheministermusthavearrivedinShanghai,______?Theymusthavebeenverytiredyesterday,_______?4.復(fù)合句的反意疑問句①在主從復(fù)合句中，反意疑問句部分的代詞和動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語和動(dòng)詞保持一致。ThisisthesecondtimethathehasbeentoJapan,______?isn’titweren’ttheyhasn’thedidn’tthey整理ppt②在I/We(don’t)think(believe;suppose;imagine;expect)+賓語從句中，反意疑問句部分應(yīng)與賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

Ithinkyouhaveheardofhimbefore,_______? Idon’tthinkyouhaveheardofhimbefore,_______?5.反意疑問句的回答對(duì)于反意疑問句的回答，如事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes;如事實(shí)是否定的，則用no.如陳述句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，反意疑問句部分用肯定式，回答時(shí)yes或no正好與漢語意義相反。—Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,______?—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.didshehaveyouhaven’tyou整理ppt考點(diǎn)六感嘆句What+a(n)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語！What+adj.+n.(不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù))+主語+謂語！How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語！How+adj.+a(n)+n.+主語+謂語！How+主語+謂語！____fineweatherwearehavingtoday!____adifficultproblemitis!____difficultaproblemitis!____thetimeflies!WhatWhatHowHow整理ppt考點(diǎn)七省略1.省略主語 —Whataboutgoingoutforawalk? —(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2.省略謂語或謂語的一部分—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—___(lose)hernewbicycle(madehersoupset).3.省略賓語—IsMr.Smithinhisoffice?—Sorry,Idon’tknow(whetherheisornot).4.省略主語和謂語或主語和謂語的一部分—Whatdoeshewanttoeat?—(Hewants)Somericeandvegetables.Losing整理ppt5.動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語的省略在同一句或緊密相連的句子中，為避免重復(fù)，省略相同的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語，只保留to.否定式是notto.如果不定式中含有be，have，havebeen時(shí)，這些詞也可保留。①

Ihaven’tbeentoHongKong，butlwant____．②Heisnolongerwhatheused________.③

—Ididn’ttellhimthenews．

—Oh,youought_________．④

—Hewasn’ttoldaboutthenews．

—Oh,heought____________．⑤Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.tonottotohavebeentohavetobe整理ppt6.并列句中的省略在并列句中，后面分句中可以省略與前句相同的成分。

Oneofthesidesoftheboardshouldbepaintedyellow,and____________. A