山東省濟(jì)寧市2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題

2022—2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)試題本試卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，共14頁(yè)。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將第Ⅱ卷答題卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、考生號(hào)、縣區(qū)和科類(lèi)等信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.第Ⅰ卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.第Ⅱ卷答題卷必修用毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卷各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)的位置，不能寫(xiě)在試卷上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不能使用涂改液膠帶、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。第Ⅰ卷(共95分)第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdidJohndowithhisoldputer?A.Hesoldit.B.Hedonatedit.C.Helentittohissister.2.What’stheweatherlikenow?A.Cloudy.B.Sunny..Rainy.3.Whenwillthespeakersleaveforthecinema?A.Around2:35pm.B.Around2:30pm.C.Around2:20pm.4.HowdoesJanelooknow?A.Confident.B.Nervous.C.Tired.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtofindasubwaystation.B.Howtoorderataxiinthecity.C.Howtogettothetrainstation.第二節(jié)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthespeakers’planfortonight?A.Tobuygifts.B.Towalkaroundthecity.C.TodinewithLisa’sfamily.7.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoinginthecity?A.Visitingfriends.B.Goingsightseeing.C.Lookingforwork,聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydidJasonmissKaren’spartylastnight?A.Hevisitedhisfather.B.Heshowednointerest.C.Hegotattractedbyafootballgame.9.WhatdidJason’sfatherdotoimproveJason’shealth?A.HetookJasontoseeadoctor.B.HeexercisedmorewithJason.C.HechangedJason’seatinghabits.10.HowoftendoesJasonplayfootballnow?A.Onceaweek.B.Onceamonth.C.Onceeverytwoweeks.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至14題。11.Whywillthewomanleaveworkearlythisafternoon?A.Toseesomeoneoff.B.Topickupherrelatives.C.Totravelaroundthecity.12.Whatshouldthewomandobeforesheleaveswork?A.Copyfiles.B.Bookanairticket.C.Mailproductsamples.13.WhichcitywillMr.LeegotoonMay8?A.NewYork.B.LosAngeles.C.Chicago.14.Whoisthewomanmostprobablyspeakingto?A.Herboss.B.Hercustomer.C.Herfriend.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.WhattroublesHenrynow?A.Hehaslosthissportscoat.B.Hehasfailedtherunningrace.C.Hehasforgottenthespeechcontest.16.WherewillHenrygonext?A.Tothelibrary.B.Totheplayground.C.Tothelostandfoundoffice.17.WhatdoesHenryadviseLindatodo?A.Receivetraining.B.eupwithatopicfirst.C.AskMissGreenforadvice.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatwasthespeaker’sgrandmothergoodat?A.Running.B.Storytelling.C.Swimming.19.Whoseworksdidthespeakerreadinhighschool?A.ZadieSmith’s.B.SharonDraper’s.C.VirginiaWoolf’s.20.Howdoesthespeakermakealivingnow?A.Byteaching.B.BywritingC.Bygivinglectures.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADiscoverthebestthingstodoinBeijingwithourroundupofartandexhibitions,performancesandpopularactivities.JazzWithJLCOandWyntonMarsalisJazzatLinconCentreOrchesraandtrumpetmasterWyntonMarsaliswilljoinhandstotourthreeChinesecities:Shenzhen,BeijingandTianjininApril,bringingthemostpopularjazzmusicfromtheUS.TheirBeijingstopwillbeonMarch20,attheForbiddenCityConcertHall.Ifyougo:7:30p.m.April24.Ticket:180—1,080yuanChenSaPianoRecitalChinesepianistChenSahasappearedatmanymusicfestivals,includingtheSchleswigHolsteinMusikFestivalandthePurlPianoFestival.TheperformanceattheNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsfeaturesthemelodiesofFrenchposerDebussy.Ifyougo:7:30p.m.December20.Ticket:80—500yuanAfricanWoodCarvingsAfricanartmotivatedartistssuchasPabloPicassoandHenriMatisseintheearly20thcentury.Butbesidesart,thecontinenthasalongandrichheritageofwoodcarving.TreeofLife,anexhibitionattheNationalArtMuseumofChina,featuresAfricanwoodcarvingsfromcountriessuchasTanzania,MozambiqueandBenin.Ifyougo:9a.m.—5p.m.January21.Ticket:FreeAnotherWayofTellingThisexhibition,stagedattheThreeShadowsPhotographyArtCentre,showsalmost100worksofAnnaFoxandKarenKnorr,twoleadingdocumentaryphotographersintheUK.Itfeaturesdifferentseriesofworks,suchasphotographsdiscussingproblemsofsocialclasses,workingenvironments,andselfawareness.Ifyougo:10a.m.—5p.m.January6.Ticket:60yuan1.WhencanweenjoymusicposedbyDebussy?A.At3p.m.January6. B.At10a.m.January21.C.At7:30p.m.April24. D.At7:30p.m.December20.2.WhatcanwedoattheTreeofLifeexhibition?A.Enjoyclassicalmusic.B.AppreciatePabloPicasso’sworks.C.Learnbasicskillsofwoodcarving.D.GettoknowaspecialartformfromTanzania.3.WherewillKarenKnorr’sworksbeexhibited?A.AttheForbiddenCityConcertHall.B.AttheNationalArtMuseumofChina.C.AttheNationalCentreforthePerformingArts.D.AttheThreeShadowsPhotographyArtCentre.【答案】1.D2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了在北京舉行的關(guān)于藝術(shù)、展覽、表演和熱門(mén)活動(dòng)等相關(guān)活動(dòng)的信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChenSaPianoRecital中的“TheperformanceattheNationalCentreforthePerformingArtsfeaturesthemelodiesofFrenchposerDebussy.Ifyougo:7:30p.m.December20.”（這場(chǎng)在國(guó)家大劇院舉行的演出以法國(guó)作曲家Debussy的旋律為特色。如果你去的話:12月20日晚上7:30）可知，12月20日晚上7:30可以欣賞Debussy作曲的音樂(lè)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AfricanWoodCarvings中的“TreeofLife,anexhibitionattheNationalArtMuseumofChina,featuresAfricanwoodcarvingsfromcountriessuchasTanzania,MozambiqueandBenin.”（在中國(guó)美術(shù)館舉辦的“生命之樹(shù)”展覽中，展出了來(lái)自坦桑尼亞、莫桑比克和貝寧等國(guó)的非洲木雕作品）可知，在生命之樹(shù)展覽會(huì)上我們能了解一種來(lái)自坦桑尼亞的特殊藝術(shù)形式。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AnotherWayofTelling中的“Thisexhibition,stagedattheThreeShadowsPhotographyArtCentre,showsalmost100worksofAnnaFoxandKarenKnorr,twoleadingdocumentaryphotographersintheUK.”（本次展覽在ThreeShadowsPhotographyArtCentre舉行，展出了英國(guó)兩位著名紀(jì)實(shí)攝影師AnnaFox和KarenKnorr的近100件作品）可知，KarenKnorr的作品在ThreeShadowsPhotographyArtCentre展出。故選D項(xiàng)。BFromthetopofMountQomolangmatothebottomoftheMarianaTrench,plasticcontinuestopollutetheenvironment,anditcreatesasignificantthreattoalllifeformsonEarth.Despiteknowingtheeffectsofplasticpollution,wehavenotbeenabletobantheuseofplasticproducts.Now,thankstotheinventionofa17yearoldgirl,Arora,wefinallyhaveabetterchoice.Thisplasticlikematerialismadefromprawnshells,anditbreaksdown1.5milliontimesfasterthanmostofthemercialplasticproductsweusetoday.TheAustralianteenfirstbecameawareoftheimpactofplasticwasteontheenvironmentwhenshoppingwithhermother.Shewonderedwhyhermotherhadtopayfortheplasticbags.Whenasked,thecashierinformedherhowplastichurtstheplanetandthattheadditionalchargewastheretoencouragepeoplenottouseit.ThisinspiredAroratocreateakindofplasticthatwouldbreakdownfasterthantheconventionalone.Butthejourneyofinventing“ecofriendlyplastic”wasnoteasy.Sheexperimentedwithanumberoforganicmaterialssuchascornflourandbananapeels,bothofwhichhadtoberuledoutbecauseoftheirsolubility.Onenight,whilehavingdinner,shenoticedthattheshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywenttothelabtoresearch.Later,shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher“Eureka”moment.Sheextractedthematerialcalled“chitin”fromtheshellsandthenmixeditwithaninsolubleproteincalled“fibroin”,whichisfoundinsilkcocoons.Usingthebinationofthesetwoorganicmaterials,Aroracreatedaplasticlikematerialthatbreaksdownpletelywithinjust33days.Moreover,thisplasticreleasesnitrogenwhenbreakingdown,whichiswhyitcanbeusedasplantfertilizer.Arora’sinventionhascausedastir,andshehaswonanumberofawards.Asaninspiringyoungwoman,Arorawantstomakeadifferenceintheworld,andshewantstoencourageotheryoungpeopletofollowtheirpassionandmakeapositivedifferencehowevertheycan.4.WhatinspiredAroratocreateakindofspecialplastic?A.Acashier’swordsaboutpaidplasticbags. B.Herdeterminationtoprotecttheprawns.C.Aclassaboutplastic’simpactontheplanet. D.Herplantosavemoneyonplasticproducts.5.Whatcouldbea“Eureka”moment?A.Amomentofneedingreflection. B.Amomentoffindingthetruth.C.Amomentofhavingsuddeninspiration. D.Amomentofenjoyingthecelebration.6.Whatcanbeknownaboutthenewplasticinparagraph4?A.Itismadefromnonorganicmaterials. B.Itcanbreakdowntotallyinamonth.C.Itcanbeusedtohelpplantstogrow. D.Itisextractedfromaninsolubleprotein.7WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArora?A.Braveandclever. B.Creativeandinspiring.C.Activeandconsiderate. D.Humorousandfriendly.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了17歲的女孩Arora發(fā)明了一種比傳統(tǒng)塑料分解更快的塑料，介紹了她發(fā)明這種塑料的經(jīng)過(guò)和她的發(fā)明所取得的成就?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whenasked,thecashierinformedherhowplastichurtstheplanetandthattheadditionalchargewastheretoencouragepeoplenottouseit.ThisinspiredAroratocreateakindofplasticthatwouldbreakdownfasterthantheconventionalone.(當(dāng)被詢問(wèn)時(shí)，收銀員告訴她塑料是如何傷害地球的，額外收費(fèi)是為了鼓勵(lì)人們不要使用它。這啟發(fā)Arora發(fā)明了一種比傳統(tǒng)塑料分解更快的塑料)”可知，是收銀員對(duì)收費(fèi)塑料袋的評(píng)價(jià)啟發(fā)Arora創(chuàng)造了一種特殊的塑料。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onenight,whilehavingdinner,shenoticedthattheshellsofprawnslookplasticky.Sheimmediatelywenttothelabtoresearch.Later,shewoulddescribethatdinnerasher“Eureka”moment.(一天晚上，在吃晚飯的時(shí)候，她注意到蝦殼看起來(lái)像塑料。她立即去實(shí)驗(yàn)室做研究。后來(lái)，她將那次晚餐描述為她的“頓悟”時(shí)刻)”可推知，Arora在那次吃晚飯時(shí)從蝦殼中得到了靈感，創(chuàng)造出了這種分解很快的塑料，所以“Eureka”的時(shí)刻是指突發(fā)靈感的瞬間。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Moreover,thisplasticreleasesnitrogenwhenbreakingdown,whichiswhyitcanbeusedasplantfertilizer.(此外，這種塑料在分解時(shí)會(huì)釋放出氮，這就是為什么它可以用作植物肥料)”可知，第四段中的新型塑料可以用來(lái)幫助植物生長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Usingthebinationofthesetwoorganicmaterials,Aroracreatedaplasticlikematerialthatbreaksdownpletelywithinjust33days.(Arora將這兩種有機(jī)材料結(jié)合起來(lái)，創(chuàng)造了一種類(lèi)似塑料的材料，這種材料在短短33天內(nèi)就能完全分解)”以及最后一段中“Asaninspiringyoungwoman,Arorawantstomakeadifferenceintheworld,andshewantstoencourageotheryoungpeopletofollowtheirpassionandmakeapositivedifferencehowevertheycan.(作為一名鼓舞人心的年輕女性，Arora想要改變世界，她希望鼓勵(lì)其他年輕人追隨自己的激情，盡其所能做出積極的改變)”可推知，Arora創(chuàng)造出了分解更快的塑料，且鼓勵(lì)其他年輕人，所以她是個(gè)有創(chuàng)造性和啟發(fā)性的人。故選B。CParentingstyleshavechangedovertheyearsinresponsetotherapidchangesintheworld.Whetheritistappingtechnologyorapplyingthebestparentingpracticestomeetaparentingneed,parentsnowadaysgenerallyinvestmoretimeinfindingouthowbesttoraisetheirchildren.ModernparentsoftenlooktotheInternetandsocialmediaforparentingadvice.Aparentcanpostquestionsfromhowtomanagetheconstantcriesofaninfanttohowtotalktoamoodyteenager,andchancesare,theparentwillbefloodedinstantlywithadviceandrelevantarticles.Theavailabilityofresourceshashelpedmodernparentsengagemoreintheirchildren’sdevelopment,bothacademicallyandemotionally.Amodernparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey’recapableofdoingontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem.Suchaparentingstylecanholdbackthedevelopmentofthechildren’sabilitytohandleresponsibilitiesindependently.Childrenmightbeillequippedwithlifeskillssuchasdoinglaundry(洗衣),clearingtheirplatesorcopingwiththeirschoolwork.Alwaysprotectingchildrenfromfailuresmayalsopreventthemdevelopingadaptabilityandacquiringskillslikeproblemsolving.Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.Childrenweren’tgivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.Theywereoftenexpectedtoshoulder.theresponsibilitiesofcaringforyoungerbrothersandsistersandmanaginghousework.Livinginthepreinternetage,parentswerelessinformedaboutdifferentparentingmethods,andpersonalities.Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisuniqueandshouldberaiseddifferentlybyparentswhoarepresentbutnotwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,andwhoprotectbutnotcaretoomuch.8.Whatdoestheauthorexplainbymentioning“aninfant”and“amoodyteenager”inparagraph2?A.Devotiontokids. B.Trickyparentingproblems.C.Effectiveparenting. D.Easyaccesstoguidance.9.Whatisadistinctivecharacteristicofhelicopterparenting?A.Flexible. B.Efficient. C.Overinvolved. D.Conventional.10.Whatdoweknowaboutparentsinthepast?A.Theyeducatedkidsinarigidway.B.Theyaffordedkidsmorespaceforselfgrowth.C.Theyoverestimatedtheirkids’independence.D.Theytendedtostayawayfromsocialactivities.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetwoparentingmodesmentionedinthepassage?A.Subjective. B.Opposed.C.Favorable. D.Objective.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了隨著社會(huì)的變化，父母的育兒方式也發(fā)生著變化，對(duì)比了過(guò)去和現(xiàn)代的育兒方式。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Aparentcanpostquestionsfromhowtomanagetheconstantcriesofaninfanttohowtotalktoamoodyteenager,andchancesare,theparentwillbefloodedinstantlywithadviceandrelevantarticles.(父母可以發(fā)布問(wèn)題，從如何管理嬰兒不斷的哭聲到如何與喜怒無(wú)常的青少年交談，很有可能，父母會(huì)立即被建議和相關(guān)文章淹沒(méi)。)”可知，作者在第2段中提到“嬰兒”和“喜怒無(wú)常的少年”，是為了解釋現(xiàn)代父母可以通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)輕松獲得指導(dǎo)。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Amodemparentingstylethathasemergedishelicopterparenting,whereparentsaremuchtoofocusedontheirchildren.(一種現(xiàn)代的育兒方式是“直升機(jī)式育兒”，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。)”以及“Theyhelpchildrenwithtasksthey’recapableofdoingontheirown,likeselectingactivitiesandfriendsforthem,orcallingtheirteachersabouthomeworkmatters.(他們幫助孩子們完成他們自己能夠完成的任務(wù)，比如為他們選擇活動(dòng)和朋友，或者打給他們的老師討論作業(yè)問(wèn)題。)”可知，“直升機(jī)式育兒”的方式中，在孩子的活動(dòng)中，父母參與的太多。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ontheotherhand,parentsinthepasttendedtomonitorless.Childrenweregivenmorecontroloverhowtomanagetheirschoolworkandchoosetheirfriends.(另一方面，過(guò)去的父母往往監(jiān)督較少。孩子們?cè)谌绾喂芾韺W(xué)業(yè)和選擇朋友方面有了更多的控制權(quán)。)”可知，過(guò)去的父母對(duì)孩子監(jiān)督較少，給予孩子更多的空間，即他們?yōu)楹⒆觽兲峁┝烁嗟淖晕页砷L(zhǎng)的空間。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一一段中“Thereisnoonerightwaytoraiseachild.Eachchildisuniqueandshouldberaiseddifferentlybyparentswhoarepresentbutnotwandering,whoaresupportivebutnotcontrolling,andwhoprotectbutnotcaretoomuch.(養(yǎng)育孩子沒(méi)有唯一正確的方法。每個(gè)孩子都是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，父母應(yīng)該以不同的方式撫養(yǎng)孩子，父母應(yīng)該在身邊而不是四處游蕩，父母應(yīng)該支持而不是控制，父母應(yīng)該保護(hù)而不是過(guò)分關(guān)心。)”可知，作者對(duì)于兩種育兒的方法是客觀的。故選D。DThereisaprofoundrelationshipbetweensciencefictionandscience.Itisoftensaidthatstorieschangetheworldwhatislessoftenheardisthatstorieschangescience,andthereforethefuture.TheuseofsciencefictiontoexploreourworldissimilartoplotplanninginFuturesStudies,whichshapesourideasabout:thefuture,andgoesbeyondpredictingartifactsthatonceseemedimpossibletouslikeVerne’ssubmarineorthesatellitesof2001SpaceOdyssey.InthewordsofDutchresearcherSofiaKaloterakis,“Sciencefictionnarrativesstructureourimaginativemodelsabouttechnoscientificprojectssuchasroboticsorspaceexploration".HaveyoueverwonderedhowsciencefictionnovelshaveimpactedtheideawehaveaboutArtificialIntelligenceorhowSnowCrash,NealStephenson’snovel,hasimpactedwhatwenowcalltheMetaverse(元宇宙)?Sciencefictionhelpsusdefinepossiblefutures.Itprovidesuswithanunderstandingoftherulesunderlyingfictionalworlds.Italsoallowsustoputtechnologicalprototypes(原型)inthecontextoftheirusebyhumans.Butmostimportantlyitdeterminesthewaywestructurescientificthoughtandintervene(干預(yù))inthefuture.AlexMcDowell,creatoroftheMinorityReport,andPetervonStackelbergexplainwhatfictionalnarrativescanbringtothetable;Therichnessof“storyworlds”—the“universes”withinwhichstoriestakeplace—providesuswithdetailedrulesofthecontextinwhichalargerrealityunfoldsthatextendsbeyondasinglestory,andhasthepotentialtoprovideuswithdeeperlearningabouttheunderlyingsystemsthatregulatethoseworlds.Lastly,therelationshipoffuturenarrativestotheoriessuchasSocialConstructivismhasbeenhighlightedbyseveralscholars.Acentralideaofthissociologicaltheoryisthatwheneverweusewordsorothersymbolstorefertoobjectsinourworld,weareconstructingthem.And,therefore,predictionisalsoasocialconstruction.Innarrating,weinterveneintheworld.Innarratingtheworld,weconstructit.Inwritingsciencefiction,weinterveneinthescienceofthefuture.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thestoryworldscreatedbysciencefictions.B.Artifactsandtechnologiesinsciencefictions.C.Sciencefictionnarrativesaffectingfuturestudies.D.Therelationbetweenscienceandsciencefictions.13.Whatisthemostimportantroleofsciencefiction?A.Itprovidesuswithtechnologiesandtools.B.Itallowsustoestablishreasonablefuture.C.Ithelpsuslearntherulesoffictionalworld.D.Itdecidesourthinkingandaffectsthefuture.14.Whatdoweknowabout“storyworlds”?A.Therearegeneralrulesforasinglestory.B.Theyhaveapotentialcontextwithinastory.C.Therearenoregulationsorguidingsystems.D.Theyarethe“universes”wherestorieshappen.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Scholarscarelittleaboutnarrativesaboutfuture.B.Objectscan’tbeconstructedbywordsorsymbols.C.Thescienceoffutureintervenesintoday’sscience.D.Sciencefictionnarrativescanconstructfutureworlds.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了科幻小說(shuō)敘事影響了未來(lái)的研究?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thereisaprofoundrelationshipbetweensciencefictionandscience.”（科幻小說(shuō)和科學(xué)之間有著深刻的關(guān)系）根據(jù)第二段“TheuseofsciencefictiontoexploreourworldissimilartoplotplanninginFuturesStudies,whichshapesourideas”（利用科幻小說(shuō)來(lái)探索我們的世界，類(lèi)似于《未來(lái)研究》中的情節(jié)規(guī)劃，它塑造了我們對(duì)未來(lái)的看法）根據(jù)第四段“Sciencefictionhelpsusdefinepossiblefutures.”（科幻小說(shuō)幫助我們定義可能的未來(lái)。）根據(jù)最后一段“Inwritingsciencefiction,weinterveneinthescienceofthefuture.”（在寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)時(shí)，我們介入了未來(lái)的科學(xué)）可知，短文主要是關(guān)于科幻小說(shuō)敘事影響了未來(lái)的研究。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Butmostimportantly,itdeterminesthewaywestructurescientificthoughtandintervene(干預(yù))inthefuture.”（最重要的是，它決定了我們構(gòu)建科學(xué)思想和干預(yù)未來(lái)的方式。）可知，科幻小說(shuō)最重要的作用是它決定我們的思維并影響未來(lái)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Therichnessof“storyworlds”—the“universes”withinwhichstoriestakeplace”（豐富的“故事世界”——故事發(fā)生的“宇宙”）可知，故事世界是指它們是故事發(fā)生在“宇宙”內(nèi)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Innarrating,weinterveneintheworld.Innarratingtheworld,weconstructit.Inwritingsciencefiction,weinterveneinthescienceofthefuture.”（在敘述中，我們介入了世界。在敘述世界時(shí)，我們構(gòu)建了世界。在寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)時(shí)，我們介入了未來(lái)的科學(xué)。）可推知，科幻敘事可以構(gòu)建未來(lái)世界。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空自處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。EfficientwaystoimproveyourspeechFinditdifficulttomakeawonderfulspeechinpublic?___16___UsemorefacialexpressionsOnepsychologistfeelsthatourfacialexpressionisresponsiblemorethananythingelsefortheimpressionothershaveofus.Asmileinwhichtheeyesparticipateisextremelymunicative.___17___Peopletendtomirroryourexpression,sotrytoshowhowyoufeelaboutatopicoranideathroughyourfacialexpression.Getridofyourinnerfear___18___Thewaytohandleitistoputittoworkforyou,getintoaction,asShakespeareobserved,actioncuresfear.Thefirstistoadmitit.Dothethingyoufearanditwillbethedeathoffearitself.Anothersimpleaidatthelastminutebeforeyoubegin,istotakeafewdeepbreaths.Thiswillhelpgetthebutterfliesinformationandalsokeepyourvoiceundercontrol.PolishyourvoiceOurvoiceisthemaininstrumentwepossessformunicatingwithpeople.Soinvestinataperecorder,practiceyourspeechbyspeakingitintothemicrophoneandthenlistentoit.Youcanevenhaveothersjoinintheevaluationofyourstrongpointsandyourweaknessesorfaultsaswell.Simplyreadinganewspaper,amagazineorstoriestoyourchildrenoutloudcanhelp.___19___StrengthenyourmemoryPsychologiststellusthatmostindividualsdon’tuseabovetenpercentoftheirinherentcapacityformemory.Howtoenhancethepowerofmemory?First,haveaburningdesiretoremember.It’sdifficulttorecallanythingwithoutwantingtodoso.___20___Oursuccessdependsgreatlyonourabilitytoconcentrate.Thenextprincipleisrepetition,welearnedmanythingsinschoolbyrepetition.A.Stepnumbertwoisconcentration.B.Afrownoftenbringsthesamethinginreturn.C.Herearesomeefficientwaystoimproveyourspeech.D.Youremphasis,pausing,paceandevenpitchcanimprove.E.Readingaloudcannotnecessarilyhelpyoudevelopapersonalstyle.F.Themoreassociationsyoumakewiththebrain,theeasieritbees.G.It’snaturaltohavesometensionwhenyouappearbeforeanaudience.【答案】16.C17.B18.G19.D20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四種能夠提高演講能力的有效方法：使用更多的面部表情；擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼；改善說(shuō)話的聲音；加強(qiáng)記憶?！?6題詳解】上文“Finditdifficulttomakeawonderfulspeechinpublic?(覺(jué)得在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)表精彩演講很難嗎？)”引出話題“演講很難”；同時(shí)結(jié)合后文的四個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Usemorefacialexpressions(使用更多的面部表情)”、“Getridofyourinnerfear(擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼)”、“Polishyourvoice(改善說(shuō)話的聲音)”和“Strengthenyourmemory(加強(qiáng)記憶)”可知，后文在講述提高演講的幾種具體方法，故此處空格的內(nèi)容應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用，C選項(xiàng)“Herearesomeefficientwaystoimproveyourspeech.(以下是一些提高演講水平的有效方法。)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳解】由第二段的小標(biāo)題“Usemorefacialexpressions(使用更多的面部表情)”、上文“Asmileinwhichtheeyesparticipateisextremelymunicative.(蘊(yùn)含眼神的微笑非常具有交流性。)”和后文“Peopletendtomirroryourexpression,sotrytoshowhowyoufeelaboutatopicoranideathroughyourfacialexpression.(人們傾向于表達(dá)和你一樣的表情，所以試著通過(guò)你的面部表情來(lái)表達(dá)你對(duì)某個(gè)話題或想法的感覺(jué)。)”可知，本段主要講述面部表情在演講中的重要性。B選項(xiàng)“Afrownoftenbringsthesamethinginreturn.(皺眉往往也會(huì)帶來(lái)同樣的回報(bào)。)”中的“Afrown”也是面部表情，并與上文的“Asmile”相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?8題詳解】由第三段的小標(biāo)題“Getridofyourinnerfear(擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼)”和后文“Thewaytohandleitistoputittoworkforyou,getintoaction,asShakespeareobserved,actioncuresfear.(處理它的方法是讓它為你工作，付諸行動(dòng)，正如莎士比亞所說(shuō)，行動(dòng)可以治愈恐懼。)”可知，此段主要講述如何擺脫內(nèi)心的恐懼。G選項(xiàng)“It’snaturaltohavesometensionwhenyouappearbeforeanaudience.(當(dāng)你出現(xiàn)在觀眾面前時(shí)，很自然會(huì)有一些緊張。)”中的tension就是后文中it所指代的內(nèi)容，與fear表達(dá)的意思一致，放在句首用于引出后文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?9題詳解】由第四段小標(biāo)題“Polishyourvoice(改善說(shuō)話的聲音)”和上文“Ourvoiceisthemaininstrumentwepossessformunicatingwithpeople.(我們的聲音是我們與人交流的主要工具。)”與“Simplyreadinganewspaper,amagazineorstoriestoyourchildrenoutloudcanhelp.(只需大聲給孩子讀報(bào)紙、雜志或故事就可以了。)”可知，本段主要講的是如何改善說(shuō)話的聲音，D選項(xiàng)“Youremphasis,pausing,paceandevenpitchcanimprove.(你的重點(diǎn)、停頓、速度甚至音高都可以提高。)”承接上文，表示通過(guò)前文的給孩子大聲讀報(bào)紙、講故事等方式可以提高說(shuō)話的重點(diǎn)、停頓等，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?0題詳解】由第五段小標(biāo)題“Strengthenyourmemory(加強(qiáng)記憶)”和上文“First,haveaburningdesiretoremember.It’sdifficulttorecallanythingwithoutwantingtodoso.(首先，有一種強(qiáng)烈的記憶欲望。如果沒(méi)有記憶的欲望那回憶東西是很難的。)”可知，本段主要講述如何加強(qiáng)記憶，上文中的First表示第一點(diǎn)，又因后文“Oursuccessdependsgreatlyonourabilitytoconcentrate.(我們的成功很大程度上取決于我們的專注能力。)”與上文表述內(nèi)容不一致，說(shuō)明此處講的是另外一點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)“Stepnumbertwoisconcentration.(第二步就是專心致志。)”承接上文，Stepnumbertwo是First的順延，同時(shí)concentration又與后文中的concentrate相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Myhighschoollifewasaveryfulfillingone.Apartfromstudyinginclass,Igotaparttimejobatalocal___21___shop.Ihopeditwouldbeeasy,andforthemostpart,___22___.Iimaginedmyselfpouringcoffeeandbeingclosefriendswithmycustomers.ButwhatIhadn’t___23___wasthepeoplewithsomanyordersandthemomentswhenIcouldn’tseemto___24___anyone.Therewasalwaystoomuchsugar,toolittleice,ornotenoughskimmilk.___25___,Ikeptatit.Oneday,oneofmycustomersdroppedin,___26___.Beforeheleft,Ihandedhimabagalongwithhisicedcoffee.Helookedatme___27___becausehehadorderednothingbutthecoffee.Heopenedthebagandsawhisfavoritedoughnut(甜甜圈)Ihad___28___him.Hesmiledandthankedmebefore___29___outintotherain.Thenextevening,hecame.Insteadof____30____something,hehandedmeasinglepinkroseandanote.“Thanksforbeingsosweetand____31____yesterday.Itissonicetomeetsomeonewhoiswarm.Pleasedon’t____32____yourwaysbecauseItrulybelievethatyouwilldobetter.Haveagreatday!”Astimewenton,Idid____33____somecustomersreallyparticular.ButwheneverIfeltcastdown,thatmanandhiskindnesswouldoccurtome.ThenIwould____34____,holdmyheaduphigh,clearmythroatandaskpolitely,“HowcanI____35____you?”21.A.fashion B.coffee C.bakery D.furniture22.A.flexible B.romantic C.backbreaking D.stressfree23A.expected B.detected C.grasped D.managed24.A.recognize B.reach C.please D.convince25.A.Moreover B.However C.Instead D.Hence26.A.excited B.rigid C.dynamic D.depressed27.A.questioningly B.curiously C.gratefully D.angrily28.A.assigned B.awarded C.given D.served29.A.ing B.heading C.storming D.sliding30.A.ordering B.whispering C.reporting D.obtaining31.A.outgoing B.straightforward C.thoughtful D.tolerant32.A.continue B.keep C.improve D.change33.A.inquireabout B.eacross C.knockinto D.hearof34.A.smile B.pray C.weep D.sigh35.A.treat B.thank C.contact D.help【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.B30.A31.C32.D33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了作者在高中時(shí)在咖啡店里做兼職的經(jīng)歷和感悟?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：除了在課堂上學(xué)習(xí)，我還在當(dāng)?shù)匾患铱Х鹊暾伊朔菁媛毠ぷ?。A.fashion時(shí)尚；B.coffee咖啡；C.bakery烘焙；D.furniture家具。根據(jù)下文“pouringcoffee”可知，作者在一家咖啡店兼職。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望它會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)單，在很大程度上，沒(méi)有壓力。A.flexible靈活的；B.romantic浪漫的；C.backbreaking令人筋疲力盡的；D.stressfree沒(méi)壓力的。根據(jù)上文“Ihopeditwouldbeeasy”可以推測(cè)，作者希望在咖啡店兼職大部分時(shí)間是輕松簡(jiǎn)單，沒(méi)有壓力的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但我沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的是，有那么多人的訂單，還有我似乎無(wú)法取悅?cè)魏稳说臅r(shí)刻。A.expected期待、預(yù)料；B.detected偵測(cè)；C.grasped抓?。籇.managed管理。根據(jù)下文“thepeoplewithsomanyordersandthemoments”并結(jié)合上文作者希望兼職輕松簡(jiǎn)單無(wú)壓力可知，作者沒(méi)有預(yù)料到，咖啡店的工作也是有挑戰(zhàn)的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.recognize識(shí)別；B.reach到達(dá)；C.please讓……開(kāi)心；D.convince說(shuō)服。根據(jù)上文“peoplewithsomanyorders”可知，顧客的要求很多，作者很難讓任何人都開(kāi)心。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)。A.Moreover此外；B.However然而；C.Instead相反；D.Hence因此。根據(jù)上文“Therewasalwaystoomuchsugar,toolittleice,ornotenoughskimmilk.(糖總是太多，冰太少，或者脫脂牛奶不夠)”及“Ikeptatit.”可知，盡管工作中備受挑戰(zhàn)，作者還是堅(jiān)持了下來(lái)，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，我的一位顧客進(jìn)來(lái)了，很沮喪。A.excited感到激動(dòng)的；B.rigid死板的；C.dynamic精力充沛的；D.depressed抑郁的、沮喪的。根據(jù)下一段“Thanksforbeingsosweetand___11___yesterday.Itissonicetomeetsomeonewhoiswarm.”可以推測(cè)，作者的這位顧客當(dāng)天心情沮喪壓抑。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他疑惑地看著我，因?yàn)樗稽c(diǎn)了咖啡。A.questioningly懷疑地；B.curiously好奇地；C.gratefully感激地；D.angrily生氣地。根據(jù)下文“becausehehadorderednothingbutthecoffee”可知，顧客十分疑惑因?yàn)樽髡叨嘟o了食物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他打開(kāi)袋子，看到了我給他的他最喜歡的甜甜圈。A.assigned分派；B.awarded頒發(fā)；C.given給；D.served服務(wù)。根據(jù)上文“Beforeheleft,Ihandedhimabagalongwithhisicedcoffee.(在他離開(kāi)之前，我遞給他一個(gè)袋子和他的冰咖啡)”和“Heopenedthebagandsawhisfavoritedoughnut(甜甜圈)