【解析】山西省呂梁市高三上學(xué)期第一次階段性測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題

2018~2019學(xué)年呂梁市高三第一次階段性測(cè)試試題英語(yǔ)試題（本試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。）注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫(xiě)好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息。3.考試作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案正確地填寫(xiě)在答題卡上，答在本試卷上無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A84,CharingCrossRoadbyHeleneHanffHanffwasinsearchofclassicBritishliteraturetitlesthatshehadbeenunabletofindinNewYorkCitywhenshenoticedanadinTheSaturdayReviewofLiterature.Shefirstcontactedtheshopin1949anditfelltoDoeltofulfilherrequests.Intime,alongdistancefriendshipdevelopedintheformoftwentyyearcorrespondence（通信）betweenthetwoandbetweenHanffandotherstaffmembersaswell,withanexchangeofChristmaspackages,birthdaygiftsandfoodparcelstohelpwiththepostWorldWarIIfoodshortagesinBritain.FoolbyChristopherMooreInFoolChristopherMooretakesonShakespeare,witharetellingof“KingLear”throughtheeyesofLear'sfoolnamedPocket.Theplotandcastofcharactersareborrowedmoreorlessfromtheoriginal,withseveralMooreianadditionsasecondfool,namedDrool,andarefrain（疊句）thatcouldeinhandyforanyadapterofShakespeare,“There'salwaysabloodyghost”.AThousandSplendidSunsbyKhaledHosseiniMariamisonlyfifteenwhensheissenttoKabultomarryroughRasheed,whoisthirtyyearshersenior.Nearlytwodecadeslater,inaclimateofgrowingunrest,tragedystrikesfifteenyearoldLaila,whomustleaveherhomeandjoinMariam'sunhappyhousehold.LailaandMariamaretofindfortineachothertostruggleagainststarvation,crueltyandfearinadesperatelife.Theirfriendshipgrowsasdeepasthebondbetweensistersandasstrongasthetiesbetweenmotheranddaughter.CuttingforStonebyAbrahamVergheseLikehismaincharacter,MarionStone,AbrahamVergheseisadoctorborninEthiopiawhoimmigratedtotheUnitedStates.Marionandhistwinbrother,Shiva,wereleftaloneatbirthwhentheirmotherdied,andtheirfather,adoctor,disappeared.Fleeinganactofpoliticalviolence,MarionlandsinNewYork,atacharityhospitalcalledOurLadyofPerpetualSuccour,wheretheeventsthathappenforcehimtofacehispast.1.Whichtwobooksmainlyfocusonfriendship?A.FoolandCuttingforStone.B.84,CharingCrossRoadandFool.C.CuttingforStoneandAThousandSplendidSuns.D.84,CharingCrossRoadandAThousandSplendidSuns.2.Whichbookisthebestchoicetolearnmoreabout“KingLear”?A.84,CharingCrossRoad. B.Fool.C.AThousandSplendidSuns. D.CuttingforStone.3.WhatdoweknowaboutShivafromthepassage?A.HeisMariam'shusband. B.HeisLaila'smother.C.HeisVerghese’stwinbrother. D.HeisMarin'stwinbrother.4.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.CuttingforStoneispublishedbyWilliamMorrowB.AbrahamVerghesewasnotbornintheU.S.A.C.AThousandSplendidSunsisabookabouthistory.D.Foolisthethinnestbookandcoststhemost.【答案】1.D2.B3.D4.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四本書(shū)的主要內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由84,CharingGrossRoadbyHeleneHanff部分中的“alongdistancefriendshipdeveloped”以及AThousandSplendidSunsbyKhaledHosseini部分中的“Theirfriendshipgrows…”可知，這兩本書(shū)的主題都主要集中在“友誼”上。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“KingLear”可以定位到Fool這本書(shū)，由該部分的witharetellingof“KingLear”throughtheeyesofLear’sfoolnamedPocket可知，如果想了解有關(guān)李爾王的更多信息，則可以選擇此書(shū)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CuttingforStonebyAbrahamVerghese部分中的“Marionandhistwinbrother,Shiva”可知，Shiva是Marion的孿生兄弟。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AbrahamVergheseisadoctorborninEthiopiawhoimmigratedtotheUnitedStates”可知，AbrahamVerghese出生于埃塞俄比亞，后來(lái)移民到了美國(guó)。故選B項(xiàng)。BWhereshouldanadventuroustouristgo?Afteryou'vedonesightseeinginLondon,shoppinginNewYork,enjoyedthelocalfoodinParis,anddancedtoyourheart'scontentattheBraziliancarnival,whereelsecanyougo?Whatattractivetouristdestinationawaitsyou?Well,Antarcticasoundsliketheholidayofalifetime!It'sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimalswhichcanstrugglewiththelowtemperatures.TourismbeganinAntarcticainthe1950sandit'sstillsmallpart.About37,000touristsareexpectedtherethisseason,butmanywon'tevenleavetheboat.TheBBC’sJulietRixvisitedthefrozencontinentandaskedherselfifsheshouldbethereatall,causingpotentialproblemstosuchasensitiveenvironment.Hertourguideadmittedthatallvisitorsleaveafootprintandtheyallgotothesameplaces,theaccessiblecoastline,whichisalsowherethepenguinsandsealsgotoraise.Butsomepeoplebelievethatifcarefullycontrolled,tourismcanbegoodforAntarctica.Ithasnonativepopulationanditneedsadvocates.Visitorstotheicycontinentmightbereadytosupportandeventofunditspreservation.Andthey'relikelytoengageinthediscussionaboutglobalwarming,whichhasledtothemeltingofglaciers.AccordingtoRix,guidelinesarefollowedwhenyou'reabouttosetfootinAntarcticaandtouristshavetodisinfecttheirbootstomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced.Andonceonland,there'snoeatingorsmoking.Rocks,bonefragments—nothingshouldbetakenasasouvenirandnothingshouldbeleftbehind.TouristsfortunateenoughtovisittheAntarcticmustbeawarethatthisisnottheirhomeandkeeptheirfingerscrossedthatfuturegenerationswillalsobeabletoenjoysuchbreathtakingviews.5.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.TheAntarctichasbeethebestplaceforpeopletotravel.B.OnlyscientistscanbeallowedtogotoAntarctic.C.Antarcticislessaffectedbyhumanactivities.D.NoanimalscansurviveinAntarcticexpectpenguins.6.JulietRix’stravelinAntarcticmentionedinthefourthparagraphindicatesthat.A.whethertouristsshouldgotoAntarcticornotshouldbeconsideredcarefullyB.governmentsshouldtakemeasurestostoptouristsfromgoingtoAntarcticC.theanimals’habitatinAntarctichasbeenseriouslyaffectedbytourismD.onlyjournalistsbegintopayattentiontotheenvironmentalprotectioninAntarctic7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disinfect”inthesixthparagraphprobablymean?A.Clean. B.Move.C.Remove. D.Change.【答案】5.C6.A7.A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)具有野生色彩的地方南極，在這片土地上只有一些科學(xué)家和一些動(dòng)物生存，這里的旅游業(yè)是在20世紀(jì)50年代開(kāi)放的，并告知了在這片土地上旅游應(yīng)該注意哪些事情等，作者在文章最后表達(dá)了自己的態(tài)度，如果人們有幸踏上那片土地就要去保護(hù)它讓我們的子孫后代也能享受到這片美麗的景色?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“It'sconsideredthelastgreatwildernessonEarth.Justafewscientistsinresearchstationssharetheicylandscapewithpenguinsandotheranimals(它被認(rèn)為是地球上最后的一片荒野之地。只有在站點(diǎn)研究的幾個(gè)科學(xué)家和企鵝及其他動(dòng)物一起待在這個(gè)地方)”可推知，南極目前還很少受到人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第四段中講到朱麗葉·里克斯去了南極，然后自問(wèn)是否應(yīng)該去南極，擔(dān)心人類(lèi)的到訪會(huì)給如此敏感的環(huán)境帶來(lái)潛在的問(wèn)題。由此可知，朱麗葉·里克斯的南極之旅說(shuō)明人們應(yīng)認(rèn)真考慮游客是否應(yīng)該去南極旅游。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的“tomakesurenoalienspeciesareintroduced”可知，此處表示游客要確保不能把外來(lái)物種帶入南極，由此可推知，此處表示游客要把靴子“清理干凈”，劃線詞應(yīng)與clean意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。CMostheroesarenotsuper.Theydon’tappearinicbooks,ontelevision,orinmovies.Theyjustdowhattheybelieveneedstobedonetomaketheirworldabetterplace.BikeBatmanisoneofthem.BikeBatmanisa30yearoldmarriedengineerwholivesinSeattle,Washington.He’sacyclistwhoalsobuysandsellsbikesasahobby.Aboutthreeyearsago,hewaslookingforabikeforhiswife.HefoundoneonCraigslist,awebsitewherepeoplelistthingstheywanttosell.Asheoftendoes,healsolookedatBikeIndex,apopularwebsitethatallowsuserstoregistertheirbikesandpostreportswhenthey’retaken.Thebike,whichhewasconsideringpurchasing,clearlymatchedonereportedstolenonBikeIndex.Thenhecalledthepersonwhoclaimedtobethebike’sownerandarrangedtomeethim—supposedlytopletethesale.Whenthetwomenmet,BikeBatmantoldthethief,“You’vegottwooptions.Youcanwaituntilapoliceofficergetshere,oryoucanjustgetoutofhere.”Youcanimaginewhatthethiefdid.Afterthatfirstsuccess,BikeBatmandevelopedasaferroutine.WhenheseesquestionablebikeadsonCraigslist,hecrossreferencestheimagewithbikesreportedonBikeIndex.Oncehehasconfirmeditwiththeowner,hearrangesameetupwiththethiefandwillcalltheSeattlepolicedepartmentsothatofficerscanparticipateintheaction.Inmorethanhalfofthe22casesinwhichhehasgotbackandreturnedbikes,thethieveshavebeenarrested.Inonecase,BikeBatmanevenhelpedafamilyrecoverawiderangeofprizedpossessionsthatsuspectshadstolenduringahomeburglary.Hisnicknamecamefromadiscussionwithapoliceofficerwhosuggestedhebecalled“RobinHood”.Sincehewasn’texactlystealingfromtherichandgivingtothepoor,“Batman”seemedabetterfit.Theideaofasuperheropunishingcriminalsfeelsprettysillytohim,butthemainreasonhecontinueshisworkistokeepupSeattle’sreputationasafriendlycity.8.WhatisBikeBatman?A.Asuperhero. B.Awebsitemanager.C.ASeattlecitizen. D.Apoliceofficer.9.WhatwillBikeBatmanfirstdowhenhediscoversaquestionablebike?A.Arrangetomeetthethief.B.Callthepolicedepartment.C.Contacttheownerofthestolenbike.D.Lookupthebike’sinformationonBikeIndex.10.WhydoesBikeBatmanhelpfindthelostbikes?A.Tobeefamous. B.Tohelppoorpeople.C.Topunishbikethieves. D.Tobuildafriendlycity.11Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.thethievesrefusedtoreturnthebikes.B.thepolicefailedtoperformtheirduties.C.BikeBatmanbeganhisgooddeedsbyaccident.D.BikeBatmanfeltrelievedtoseethethievesarrested.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述的是西雅圖的一名市民BikeBatman幫助尋找丟失的自行車(chē)的事跡。他的善行是偶然開(kāi)始的，他的行為是為了建立一個(gè)友好的城市?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句BikeBatmanisa30yearoldmarriedengineerwholivesinSeattle,Washington.可知，BikeBatman是西雅圖一名市民。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中WhenheseesquestionablebikeadsonCraigslist,hecrossreferencestheimagewithbikesreportedonBikeIndex.可知，當(dāng)BikeBatman發(fā)現(xiàn)一輛有問(wèn)題的自行車(chē)時(shí)，他會(huì)先在自行車(chē)索引上查找自行車(chē)的信息。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Theideaofasuperheropunishingcriminalsfeelsprettysillytohim,butthemainreasonhecontinueshisworkistokeepupSeattle’sreputationasafriendlycity.可知，BikeBatman幫助尋找丟失的自行車(chē)是為了建立一個(gè)友好的城市。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Thebike,whichhewasconsideringpurchasing,clearlymatchedonereportedstolenonBikeIndex.Thenhecalledthepersonwhoclaimedtobethebike’sownerandarrangedtomeethim—supposedlytopletethesale.Whenthetwomenmet,BikeBatmantoldthethief,“You’vegottwooptions.Youcanwaituntilapoliceofficergetshere,oryoucanjustgetoutofhere.”可知，BikeBatman的善行是偶然開(kāi)始的。故選C。DScientistshavediscoveredwhytheMonaLisa'sexpressionlookssodifferenttodifferentpeopleandatdifferenttimes.Forcenturies,artloversandcriticshavebeenconfusedbyanddebatedtheLeonardoDaVincipainting'sgazeandslightsmile.ButnewresearchfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscohasshednewlightontheshiningandseeminglychangingfaceoftheMonaLisa.Throughexperiments,theydiscoveredthatouremotionsreallydochangehowweseeaneutralface.DrErikaSiegelandhercolleaguesstudyhowouremotionschangeourperceptionsoftheworldaroundus—evenwhenwearen'tawarethatsomethinghaschangedourfeelings.Thisreliesonthemoderntheoryof"thebrainasapredictiveorgan,insteadofareactiveone,”saysDrSiegel.Inotherwords,“wehavealifetimeofexperienceandweusethoseexperiencestopredictwhatwearegoingtoexperiencenext.”Weallhaveonedominanteyeandonemorepassivenondominantone.Ifeacheyeisreceivingdifferentinformation,weonlyconsciouslyperceivewhatdominantonesees.Butnondominantsightscanstillenteroursubconscious.Theyshowed43peopletwosetsofflashingimagessimultaneously,sothatthedominanteyesawandregisteredneutralexpressions,whilethenondominanteye“saw”flashesofneutral,orsmilingfaces,whichtheywouldonlysubconsciouslybeawareof.Afterviewingtheflashingfaces,theresearchersshowedtheparticipantsoptionsoffacesandaskedthemtopickoutwhichonestheyhadseen.Whentheirnondominanteyeshadseenahappyface,theyweremorelikelytothinktheneutralfacehadactuallybeensmiling,andthesamewastrueforotherexpressions.Thismeansthat“ifyouseetheMonaLisaafteryouhavejusthadascreamingfightwithyourhusbandyou'regoingtoseethepaintingdifferently,”saysDrSiegel.“Butifyou'rehavingthetimeofyourlifeattheLouvre,you'regoingtoseethemysterioussmile,”sheadds.“Wearethearchitectsofourownexperience.Ourbrainmakespredictionsaboutwhatitexpectstoseeandusesinformationfromtheworldtoupdateitsexpectations,”DrSiegelsays.12.WhatisthepurposeofDrSiegel'sresearch?A.Todiscoverwhypeopleperceivethesamethingdifferently.B.TohelpappreciatetheMonaLisa.C.Towinadebate.D.Totellasmilingfacefromaneutralface.13.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto“shednewlight”inParagraph3?A.Madesomethingbright. B.Providednewexplanations.C.Addedlightcoloredpaints. D.Increasedamountofnaturallight.14.Whydidtheresearchersshowtheparticipantstwosetsofflashingimages?A.Toplayagame.B.Topickouttheirdominantandnondominanteyes.C.Tostrengthentheeffectofthenondominanteyes.D.Toprovideimagesofmoreexpressions.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EffectsofEmotions B.SeeingIsBelievingC.AMysteriousResearch D.IsMonaLisaSmiling?【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要說(shuō)明的是研究者通過(guò)研究，對(duì)于不同的人在不同的時(shí)間看《蒙娜麗莎》的表情會(huì)得出不同結(jié)論的原因給出了解釋。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ScientistshavediscoveredwhytheMonaLisa'sexpressionlookssodifferenttodifferentpeopleandatdifferenttimes.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么蒙娜麗莎的表情在不同的人和不同的時(shí)間看起來(lái)如此不同)以及第五段DrErikaSiegelandhercolleaguesstudyhowouremotionschangeourperceptionsoftheworldaroundus—evenwhenwearen'tawarethatsomethinghaschangedourfeelings.可知ErikaSiegel博士和她的同事研究我們的情緒如何改變我們對(duì)周?chē)澜绲目捶?，即使我們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到某些事情已經(jīng)改變了我們的感覺(jué)。由此可知，Siegel博士研究的目的是發(fā)現(xiàn)為什么人們對(duì)同一件事有不同的看法。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段Forcenturies,artloversandcriticshavebeenconfusedbyanddebatedtheLeonardoDaVincipainting'sgazeandslightsmile.可知幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者和評(píng)論家一直對(duì)列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇這幅畫(huà)中的凝視和淡淡的微笑感到困惑和爭(zhēng)論不休。以及第三段段首的But可知，該段應(yīng)該是在說(shuō)明這個(gè)新的研究帶來(lái)了一些與以往觀點(diǎn)所不同的新穎觀點(diǎn)（newlight），故劃線短語(yǔ)意思為“提供新的解釋”。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段Weallhaveonedominanteyeandonemorepassivenondominantone.Ifeacheyeisreceivingdifferentinformation,weonlyconsciouslyperceivewhatdominantonesees.Butnondominantsightscanstillenteroursubconscious.可知我們都有一只主視眼和一只被動(dòng)的非主視眼。如果每只眼睛接收到不同的信息，我們只會(huì)有意識(shí)地感知主視眼看到的東西。但非主視眼的景象仍然可以進(jìn)入我們的潛意識(shí)。以及第九段Theyshowed43peopletwosetsofflashingimagessimultaneously,sothatthedominanteyesawandregisteredneutralexpressions,whilethenondominanteye“saw”flashesofneutral,orsmilingfaces,whichtheywouldonlysubconsciouslybeawareof.可知他們同時(shí)向43人展示了兩組閃爍的圖像，讓主眼看到并記錄下中性的表情，而非主眼“看到”中性的或微笑的面孔，這些面孔他們只會(huì)下意識(shí)地意識(shí)到。由此可推知，研究人員向參與者展示兩組閃爍的圖像是為了強(qiáng)化非主視眼的作用。故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段ScientistshavediscoveredwhytheMonaLisa'sexpressionlookssodifferenttodifferentpeopleandatdifferenttimes.可知科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了為什么蒙娜麗莎的表情在不同的人和不同的時(shí)間看起來(lái)如此不同。結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明的是研究者通過(guò)研究，對(duì)于不同的人在不同的時(shí)間看《蒙娜麗莎》的表情會(huì)得出不同結(jié)論的原因給出了解釋。由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“蒙娜麗莎在微笑嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thescienceofpapermakingaddressesthemethods,equipment,andmaterialsusedtomakepaperandcardboard,thesebeingusedwidelyforprinting,writing,andpackaging,amongmanyotherpurposesandusefulproducts.Todayalmostallpaperisproducedusingindustrialmachinery.___16___Themethodofmanual（手工的）papermakingchangedverylittleovertime,despiteadvancesintechnologies.___17___Separatetheusefulfibrefromtherestofrawmaterials.Beatdownthefibreintopulp（紙漿）.Adjustthecolor,chemical,biological,andotherpropertiesofthepaper.Screen（篩選）theresultingliquid.Pressanddrytogettheactualpaper.___18___Itismadeofstainlessmaterialsandsetinawoodenframesimilartothatofawindow.Thenpletelybatheitintheliquidanddrawitout.Waterisremovedandthewetmatoffibreislaidontopofadampcloth.Thefairlydampfiberisthendried.Finally,thepaperisthencuttothedesiredshapeandpacked.Thewoodenframeiscalleda“deckle”（定紙框）.___19___The“deckleedges”areoneoftheindicationsthatthepaperwasmadebyhand.Deckleedgedpaperisoccasionallyimitatedtodaytocreatetheimpressionofoldfashionedluxury.___20___Itisalsousedinpaperfactoriestocheckthequalityoftheproductionprocess.The“handsheets"madeaccordingtoTAPPIStandardT205aretestedforpapercharacteristicssuchasbrightness,strengthanddegreeofsizing.A.Screeningthefibreinvolvesusingaspecialnet.B.Theprocessofpapermakingisreallyplicated.C.Itleavestheedgesofthepaperslightlyirregularandwavy.D.Inlaboratorieshandmadepaperispreparedtostudypapermaking.E.However,traditionalpapermakinginAsiausestheinnerskinfibresofplants.F.Theprocessofmanufacturinghandmadepapercanbegeneralizedintofivesteps.G.Buthandmadepaperisstillappreciatedforitsdistinctiveuniquenessandtheskilledcraft.【答案】16.G17.F18.A19.C20.D【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了盡管技術(shù)進(jìn)步了，但手工造紙的方式并沒(méi)有隨著時(shí)間而發(fā)生太大變化。文章還介紹了手工造紙的五步過(guò)程?！?6題詳解】空前講到，如今幾乎所有的紙都是用工業(yè)機(jī)器制作的；下一段講到，盡管技術(shù)進(jìn)步了，但手工造紙的方式并沒(méi)有隨著時(shí)間而發(fā)生太大變化。由此可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為承上啟下的過(guò)渡句，應(yīng)講到手工造紙。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，G項(xiàng)“但手工造紙仍然因其鮮明的獨(dú)特性和精湛的技藝而備受青睞”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，此處講述的應(yīng)為造紙的過(guò)程，共提到了五步，故F項(xiàng)“制作手工紙的過(guò)程可以被歸納為五步”符合此處語(yǔ)境，起到承上啟下的作用。故選F。【18題詳解】根據(jù)設(shè)空處位置可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的主題句。根據(jù)本段后面的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹的是篩出紙纖維的過(guò)程，故A項(xiàng)“篩出紙纖維需要使用一個(gè)特殊的網(wǎng)”符合語(yǔ)境?？蘸蟮腎t即指A項(xiàng)中的aspecialnet。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前的“這個(gè)木制的框架叫做定紙框”及空后的“定紙框邊緣是證明紙張是手工制作的跡象之一”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，C項(xiàng)“它會(huì)使紙張的邊緣有些不規(guī)則，有些波紋”符合此處語(yǔ)境，其中的It指代前面的a“deckle”,theedgesofthepaper對(duì)應(yīng)空后的The“deckleedges”。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“它還被用于造紙廠檢查生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的質(zhì)量”可知，D項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)室里準(zhǔn)備著手工紙以供研究造紙之用”承接下文。it指代選項(xiàng)中的handmadepaper。故選D。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分55分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Attheveryyoungageofsix,mylifewasthrownintoadownwardspiral（旋渦）ofconstantpain,surgeries,sadnessanddepression.Iwasinacar___21___onmywayhome,beinghitbyatruck.Myleftleggot___22___betweenthewheels.Iwasleftwithanexposedbone,lotsofpainandthe___23___memoriesofthosefewmoments,whichwereforever___24___inmymind.AtfirstIspentayearandhalfinthe___25___.Ihaddressingseveryday,surgerieseveryFridayand___26___nightsanddays.I'msuremostofyoudon'tknowthisbecauseI'veprobablynever___27___thiswithanyone.PeoplehavequestionedsomanytimesandIeventuallygot___28___;Ijustworeclothesthatcould___29___myleg.Icouldn'tdothisinschoolbecausewehada____30____andofcourseIwasbulliedbysomeandcallednames,____31____inprimaryschool.Scarsshouldn'tdefineaperson.Myscarsaremyproof（證明）ofmy____32____.ManyyearslaterIhavechangedIbegantoloveandacceptmyself.I____33____whatIwantandIamhappywithmyself.Ihavealwaysrisenabovemycircumstancesandmy____34____hasneverstoppedmefrompursuing(追求)mydreams.Itmayhave____35____medownbutitnevertookmy____36____away.Youdon'tknowwhatI've____37____butIhavebeenandcontinuetobe____38____forbeingmyself,sowhenyouseeme____39____,don'tbequicktojudge.JustbegladformebecauseI'mdefinitely____40____.IammorethanmylegandIammorethanwhatpeoplechoosetosee.21.A.exhibition B.accident C.trip D.pany22.A.operated B.examined C.trapped D.lost23.A.silly B.terrifying C.constant D.brief24.A.planted B.forgotten C.destroyed D.changed25.A.waitingroom B.hospital C.school D.bedroom26.A.strange B.cold C.lonely D.painful27.A.experienced B.enjoyed C.tasted D.shared28.A.fedup B.wornout C.cheeredup D.knockedout29.A.protect B.cover C.decorate D.warm30.A.lesson B.class C.uniform D.teacher31.A.personally B.formally C.especially D.luckily32.A.knowledge B.strength C.shorting D.illness33.A.drink B.watch C.wear D.buy34.A.hand B.eye C.mouth D.leg35.A.wrote B.pushed C.slowed D.cut36.A.life B.hope C.health D.money37A.gonethrough B.talkedabout C.caredfor D.handedin38.A.cheated B.followed C.questioned D.loved39.A.smile B.sleep C.die D.drive40.A.sorry B.disappointed C.proud D.happy【答案】21.B22.C23.B24.A25.B26.D27.D28.A29.B30.C31.C32.B33.C34.D35.C36.B37.A38.D39.A40.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者六歲時(shí)遭遇一場(chǎng)車(chē)禍，經(jīng)過(guò)痛苦的治療和被欺凌的經(jīng)歷，作者最終選擇接受并愛(ài)自己，傷疤從來(lái)沒(méi)有讓他停下追求夢(mèng)想的腳步。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我回家的路上出了車(chē)禍，被一輛卡車(chē)撞了。A.exhibition展覽；B.accident事故；C.trip旅行；D.pany陪伴，公司。根據(jù)空后“beinghitbyatruck”可知作者被一輛卡車(chē)撞了，由此可知作者在回家的路上出了“車(chē)禍”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的左腿被卡在兩個(gè)車(chē)輪之間。A.operated操作；B.examined檢查；C.trapped困住，陷入；D.lost失去?？蘸蟮摹癰etweenthewheels”是解題關(guān)鍵，表示作者的左腿被“卡在”兩個(gè)車(chē)輪之間了，由此可推斷應(yīng)該選擇C項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的骨頭暴露出來(lái)，我陷入了巨大的疼痛和幾個(gè)月的可怕記憶中，這些記憶永遠(yuǎn)根植在了我的腦海中。A.silly荒謬的，愚蠢的；B.terrifying可怕的；C.constant不變的，恒定的，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的；D.brief簡(jiǎn)短的，短暫的。根據(jù)上文的描述及常識(shí)可知，此處表示極其可怕的（terrifying）記憶。故選B項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的骨頭暴露出來(lái)，我陷入了巨大的疼痛和幾個(gè)月的可怕記憶中，這些記憶永遠(yuǎn)根植在了我的腦海中。A.planted種，種植；B.forgotten忘記；C.destroyed破壞，毀壞；D.changed改變?？仗幩诰錇榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，其關(guān)系詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代的是memories，此處表示，這些記憶永遠(yuǎn)“根植”在了作者的大腦中，是作者永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我先在醫(yī)院度過(guò)了一年半的時(shí)間。A.waitingroom等候室；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.school學(xué)校；D.bedroom臥室。作者車(chē)禍之后應(yīng)當(dāng)住院接受治療，因此應(yīng)該選擇B項(xiàng)，即作者先在醫(yī)院度過(guò)了一年半的時(shí)間。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我每天要打繃帶，每周五做手術(shù)，度過(guò)每一個(gè)痛苦的日夜。A.strange奇怪的，陌生的；B.cold冷漠的；C.lonely孤單的；D.painful痛苦的。根據(jù)“Ihaddressingseveryday,surgerieseveryFriday”可知，作者住院治療的那些日日夜夜對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)都是很“痛苦的”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我敢保證你們大多數(shù)人都不知道這件事，因?yàn)槲铱赡軓膩?lái)沒(méi)有和任何人分享過(guò)它。A.experienced經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)；B.enjoyed享受；C.tasted品嘗；D.shared分享?？仗幩诰渥雍幸粋€(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，空前說(shuō)作者確信大多數(shù)人不知道這一點(diǎn)，那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有跟任何人“分享”過(guò)它。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：人們已經(jīng)詢問(wèn)過(guò)很多次了，我最終受夠了。A.fedup厭煩，無(wú)法再忍受；B.wornout疲憊不堪；C.cheeredup振作起來(lái)；D.knockedout被擊倒。結(jié)合前面的“Peoplehavequestionedsomanytimes(人們已經(jīng)詢問(wèn)了太多次)”可知，此處表示作者最終“受夠”了。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我只穿能遮住我的腿的衣服。A.protect保護(hù)；B.cover遮蓋；C.decorate裝飾；D.warm使溫暖。此處表示作者為了避免被詢問(wèn)，只穿能“遮住”有殘疾的那條腿的衣服。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)校我不能這樣做，因?yàn)槲覀冇行７.lesson功課；B.class課堂；C.uniform制服；D.teacher老師。結(jié)合上一句穿衣服的細(xì)節(jié)可知，此處dothis指的是“穿衣服蓋住腿”，在學(xué)校不能這樣做，因?yàn)橐┙y(tǒng)一的“校服”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然我被一些學(xué)生欺負(fù)、喊名字，尤其是在小學(xué)的時(shí)候。A.personally親自地，就個(gè)人而言；B.formally正式地；C.especially尤其；D.luckily幸運(yùn)地。此處表示有人欺負(fù)他、罵他，“尤其”是在小學(xué)的時(shí)候。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的傷疤是我堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的證據(jù)。A.knowledge知識(shí)；B.strength堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，力量；C.shorting缺點(diǎn)；D.illness疾病。結(jié)合前一句“Scarsshouldn'tdefineaperson.”分析可知，此處是作者勵(lì)志的話語(yǔ)，表示傷疤不能定義一個(gè)人，這傷疤恰好是作者“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”的證據(jù)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我穿我想穿的，對(duì)自己感到滿意。A.drink喝；B.watch觀看；C.wear穿；D.buy買(mǎi)。根據(jù)上文中穿衣服遮蓋傷疤這一細(xì)節(jié)的提示和空前一句“Ibegantoloveandacceptmyself.(我開(kāi)始變得自愛(ài)了，并且接受了自我)”可推斷，此處表示作者現(xiàn)在想怎么穿就怎么穿，不用去刻意遮蓋了。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的腿從來(lái)沒(méi)有阻止我追求我的夢(mèng)想。A.hand手；B.eye眼睛；C.mouth嘴；D.leg腿。全文都是從leg這一線索展開(kāi)的。此處表示傷殘的“腿”并沒(méi)有阻擋作者追求自己的夢(mèng)想。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它或許減慢了我走路的速度，但從未帶走我的希望。A.wrote寫(xiě)；B.pushed推；C.slowed減慢；D.cut切。本句主語(yǔ)It指代leg，腿腳不好與走路的速度相關(guān)，此處表示那條腿“減慢”了作者走路的速度。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它或許減慢了我走路的速度，但從未帶走我的希望。A.life生活，生命；B.hope希望；C.health健康；D.money錢(qián)?？涨暗霓D(zhuǎn)折連詞but是解題的關(guān)鍵所在，此處表示那條受傷的腿雖然減慢了作者走路的速度，但從未帶走他的“希望”。B項(xiàng)的hope與前文的mydreams也相吻合。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你不知道我經(jīng)歷了什么，但是我已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)被愛(ài)。A.gonethrough經(jīng)歷，接通；B.talkedabout談?wù)?；C.caredfor照顧；D.handedin提交。此空所在的句子含有一個(gè)what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，再結(jié)合文意可知，作者是說(shuō)人們不知道他“經(jīng)歷”了什么。gothrough“遭受，經(jīng)歷”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你不知道我經(jīng)歷了什么，但是我已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)被愛(ài)。A.cheated欺騙；B.followed跟隨；C.questioned問(wèn)；D.loved愛(ài)。根據(jù)上文可知，作者發(fā)生了改變，開(kāi)始自愛(ài)，因?yàn)樽詯?ài)，作者已經(jīng)并將繼續(xù)被愛(ài)。故選D項(xiàng)。【39題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以當(dāng)你看到我微笑的時(shí)候，不要那么快作出評(píng)價(jià)。A.smile微笑；B.sleep睡覺(jué)；C.die死亡；D.drive開(kāi)車(chē)。根據(jù)下文“JustbegladformebecauseI’mdefinitely20”中的beglad可知，此處應(yīng)表示看到作者露出笑容要為他感到高興，與作者身殘志堅(jiān)、樂(lè)觀向上的人生觀相符，故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：只要為我感到高興就行，因?yàn)槲掖_實(shí)很開(kāi)心。A.sorry遺憾的；B.disappointed失望的；C.proud自豪的；D.happy開(kāi)心的。此處表示要為作者感到高興，因?yàn)樗约捍_實(shí)很“開(kāi)心”。故選D項(xiàng)。第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everyoneknowsthatregularexerciseisgoodforthebody.Butexerciseisalsooneofthemosteffective___41___(way)toimproveyourmentalhealth.Regularexercisecanhaveaprofoundlypositiveinfluence___42___depression,anxiety,andmore.Italsorelievesstress,___43___(help)yousleepbetter,andmakesyoufeelhappy.Researchindicatesthatnomatterhowoldyouareorhowfityouare,youcanlearntouseexerciseasa___44___(power)tooltofeelbetter.Sure,exercisecanimproveyourphysicalhealth,improveyourwaistline,___45___evenaddyearstoyourlife.Sopeoplewhoexercise___46___(regular))tendtodosobecauseitgivesthemanenormoussenseofwellbeing.Theyfeelmoreenergeticthroughouttheday,sleep___47___(well)atnight,havesharpermemories,andfeelmorerelaxedandpositiveabout___48___(they)andtheirlives.Andit'salsopowerfulmedicineformanymonmentalhealthchallenges.Wonderingjusthowactiveyouneedtobetogetamentalhealthboost?It'sprobablynotasmuchasyouthink.Youdon'tneed___49___(devote)hoursoutofyourbusyday,trainatthegym,orrunmile.Youcangainall____50____physicalandmentalhealthbenefitsofexercisewith30minuteofmoderateexercisefivetimesaweek.Two15minuteoreventhree10minuteexercisesessionscanalsoworkjustaswell.【答案】41.ways42.on43.helps44.powerful45.and46.regularly47.better48.themselves49.todevote50.the【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。每個(gè)人都知道有規(guī)律的鍛煉對(duì)身體有好處。但是運(yùn)動(dòng)也是改善心理健康最有效的方法之一。文章主要說(shuō)明了鍛煉對(duì)身體的一些好處?！?1題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。way為可數(shù)名詞，前面由oneof后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“……其中之一”，可知應(yīng)填way的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填ways?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：有規(guī)律的鍛煉可以對(duì)抑郁、焦慮等產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的積極影響。結(jié)合句意表示“對(duì)……有積極的影響”短語(yǔ)為haveapositiveinfluenceon。故填on?！?3題詳解】考查主謂一致。help在句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)上文Italsorelievesstress可知此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填helps?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。修飾后文名詞tool應(yīng)用形容詞powerful，表示“強(qiáng)大的”。故填powerful?！?5題詳解】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)然，鍛煉可以改善你的身體健康，改善你的腰圍，甚至延長(zhǎng)你的壽命。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境可知此處為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用連詞and。故填and?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞exercise應(yīng)用副詞regularly，表示“定期地”。故填regularly。【47題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：他們白天精力更充沛，晚上睡得更好，記憶力更強(qiáng)，對(duì)他們自己和他們的生活更放松、更積極。結(jié)合句意可知表示“睡得更好”應(yīng)用well的比較級(jí)better。故填better。【48題詳解】考查代詞。句意同上。結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“他們自己”應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves。故填themselves?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你不需要從繁忙的一天中抽出幾個(gè)小時(shí)，去健身房鍛煉或者跑一英里。結(jié)合句意表示“需要做某事”短語(yǔ)為needtodosth.。故填todevote?！?0題詳解】考查冠詞。此處特指后文physicalandmentalhealth“身心健康”應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10處；每處1分，滿分10分）51.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（/\），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均只限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Igotuplatelyyesterdaybecausemyalarmclockdidn'tring.Withnotimeforthebreakfast,Irushedoutofmyhouse.Ihadintendedtocatchthe7:30subway,andIdidn'tmakeit.Havea