陜西省西安市高陵縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》巔峰沖刺試卷含解析

陜西省西安市高陵縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》巔峰沖刺試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)MarkTwainsaidthat"habitishabit,andnottobeflung（扔）outthewindowbyanyone,butcoaxed(勸誘)downstairsastepatatime."Thechancesofsuccessfullychangingnegativebehavior1whenyoumakegradualchangesthatgiveyoutimeto2negativepatternsforpositiveones.Onanygivenday,countlessnumbersofusgetoutofbedand3tobegintochangeagivenbehavior"today."Whetheritbeexercisingmore,drinkingless,managingtime4orsomeotherchangeinanegativebehavior,westartoutwithhigh5Inashorttime,however,avastmajorityofpeoplefailandaresoondoing6itwastheythoughttheyshouldn'tbedoing.Afterconsiderableresearch,someresearchersbelievethatbehaviorchangesusuallydonot7iftheystartwiththechangeitself.8theybelievethatwemust9aseriesof“stages”toadequatelyprepareourselvesforthat10change.Onceyouhaveanalyzedallthefactorsthat11whatyoudo,youmustdecidewhichbehavior-changetechniquewillworkbestforyou.AccordingtothepsychologistAlbertEllis,most12problemsandrelatedbehaviorsarisefromirrational(不理性的)statementsthatpeoplemaketo13wheneventsintheirlivesaredifferentfromwhattheywouldlikethemtobe.Forexample,supposeafterdoing14onanexam,yousaytoyourself,“IcannotbelieveIfailedthateasyexam.Iamsostupid.”Bychangingthisirrational“catastrophic”self-talkintorational,15statementsaboutwhatisreallygoingon,youcanincreasethe16thatpositivebehaviorswilloccur.Positiveself-talkmightbe17asfollows:"Ireallydidn'tstudyenoughfortheexam.Ijustneedtoprepareforthenext18”.Suchself-talkwillhelpyoutorecoverquicklyfrom19andtakepositivestepstocorrectthesituation.Someothertechniquelikepurposefully20orstoppingnegativethoughtsandrefusingtodwellon(沉湎于)negativeimagescanalsospareyouwastedenergy,timeandemotionalresourcesandmoveontopositivechanges.1、A．decline B．remain C．disappear D．improve2、A．substitute B．cancel C．find D．ignore3、A．refuse B．determine C．hesitate D．a(chǎn)dvocate4、A．more B．better C．worse D．less5、A．values B．requirements C．expectations D．levels6、A．whichever B．however C．wherever D．whatever7、A．succeed B．fail C．exist D．fade8、A．Nevertheless B．Otherwise C．Instead D．Moreover9、A．lookthrough B．breakthrough C．gothrough D．pullthrough10、A．initial B．temporary C．instant D．eventual11、A．involve B．influence C．explain D．a(chǎn)djust12、A．emotional B．physical C．technical D．professional13、A．a(chǎn)ll B．others C．someone D．themselves14、A．poorly B．carefully C．completely D．slowly15、A．positive B．ridiculous C．negative D．explicit16、A．danger B．a(chǎn)wareness C．a(chǎn)mount D．probability17、A．written B．phrased C．listed D．captioned18、A．research B．test C．talk D．problem19、A．tiredness B．habits C．disappointment D．burdens20、A．recalling B．starting C．blocking D．holdingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1“It’sreallyabreakthrough,”saidBritishscientistGuillemaboutthediscoveryofaplanet“moreorless”likeEarththatisorbitingProximaCentauri,thestarnearesttooursolarsystem.Proximab,or“EarthII”asyoucouldcallit,isalttlebiggerthanourEarth,anditsyearsonlytake11days.Also,sinceitissomuchclosertoitsreddwarf(矮小的)starthanwearetothesun,theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall,creatingaforeversunseteffect.Therearealotofquestionsforlifeformsthatcouldliveonthisnewplanet.AstheChicagoTribunewrote:“Doyouhavepoetry?Superheroes?Television?Diets?Meanbosses?Doyouhaveanyinterestinvisitingotherworlds?Ifso,putEarthonyourMustSeelist.”ThediscoveryoftheplanetmadeuswonderifanyonehadseenorheardofthespacepostcardsfromPioneer10andPioneer11spaceprobes(探測(cè)器),sentupintospacein1972andthenextyear.Togetherwiththeprobeswerepicturesofamanandawoman,alongwithdiagramsofthesolarsystem.GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecord,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.ItmightnotbetimetoplanavisittoProximabjustyet—evenifithasanatmosphere—asfirst,wewouldneedtoinventawaytogetthereinlessthanthe78,000yearsitwouldtakeat36,000mph.“ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlan(et)B,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet.”theChicagoTribunewrote.1、WhatdoweknowaboutProximab?A．Ithasanorangesky.B．Itisclosertothesun.C．Ithasnosunrise.D．ItisaslargeasEarth.2、WhatcouldbefoundonthegoldrecordssentupbyVoyagerprobesin1977?A．Picturesofacouple.B．Mapsofthesolarsystem.C．Recordedsounds.D．Severalpostcards.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Earthmovestothesouth.B．ProximabgetsclosertoEarth.C．Situationchangesfavorably.D．ConditionsonEarthgetworse.4、WhatwastheattitudeoftheChicagoTribunetowardsthediscoveryoftheplanet?A．Excited.B．Worried.C．Uninterested.D．Proud.Text2Honestyisthebestpolicy.Wemayagreethatadmittingmistakesandbehavinginagenuinewayistherightwaytoleadourlives,butistheresomethinginourhumannaturethatmakesusimmoral?Forexample,insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestybox-aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit-butitreliesonyouputtingtherightamountofcashin.Thisreliesonpeoplebeinghonestandnottryingtocheatbutitdoesprovideatemptationtogetawaywithnotpayingthefullamount.PhilipGraves,apsychologist,suggeststhatthistemptationispartofourevolution.Hesays:“Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest.It’spartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-up-becauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus,wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving.”Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest?It’sbecauseitisselfishbehavior.Ifeverybodyactedselfishlyanddishonestlyallthetime,theworldwouldbeaveryunpleasantplace.AsPhilipGravessays:“Thereisabalancetostrikebetweentheextenttowhichwecanfeatherourownnest,sotospeak,andtheriskofbeingostracized(排斥)bythegroup.”So,forsocietiestoworktogetherweneedtotrusteachotherandthereforeweneedtobehonest.Beingtrustworthywithmoneyisofcoursevitalforaneconomytosurvive.Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter,sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater.However,anewanonymousmessagingapphasbeendesignedthatletsanyonewithalinktoyourprofile(簡(jiǎn)介)tosendyouamessagewithoutknowingwhoit’sfrom.Theappnowhas300millionuserswhichperhapsindicateshowhonestwereallyliketobe-butinallhonesty,doyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutyou?Ishonestyalwaysthebestpolicy?1、Whatdoesanhonestyboxrequirepeopletodo?A．Getthechangeoutofitfreely.B．Putthecorrectamountofmoneyinit.C．Donatethepocketmoneytoothers.D．Payalargeramountofmoney.2、AccordingtoPhilipGraves,beingdishonest.A．isadisadvantageB．shouldbeadvocatedC．ispartofourevolutionD．helpspeoplesurvive,better3、WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．ThereasonforbeinghonestB．ThebenefitofbeingdishonestC．TheoutcomeofselfishnessD．Theimportanceofgroupwork4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy.B．Theauthorisinfavorofdishonesty.C．Themarketofthenewappispromising.D．Beinghonestwithwordsissometimesimproper.Text3Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamily,andothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence,andthat’sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.However,tosucceedinlife,onefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.And,inadditiontothat,inordertogetreallygoodatsomething,oneneedstospendatleast3,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime,timethatmostpeoplewon’tputin.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyougiveupwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccess,youknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It’ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalent,butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andthere’sahugechancethatyou’rewronganyway.Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout,almosttothepointofaddiction,andoveralongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpecttoreceiveanyprize.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteeyouthelevelofsuccessyoumaywant,butitwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomereallygoodatwhateveritisyouputallthatworkinto.1、Paragraph1mainlytalksabout________.A．thereasonsforsuccess B．thestandardsofsuccessC．theimportanceofsuccess D．whatpeoplethinksuccessis2、Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A．workmakesonefeelpain B．onetendstoenjoyhisworkC．ittakesalotoftimetosucceed D．onegivesuphisworkeasily3、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B．Peopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflife.C．Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.D．Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.4、Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A．Luck,talentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.B．Onecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpractice.C．Havingagoalisveryimportanttosuccess.D．Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.Text4Thebristleconepineisthelongest-livingthingontheearth.Thesetrees,withtheirstrangely-shaped,wind-beatenlimbs(枝干),canliveupto5,000years.Butexpertsworrythatawarmingclimateinsomeareasmaythreatenitsfuture.Researcherssaywarmerweatherispermittingasimilarkindoftree,thelimberpine,totakeovergoodgrowingplacesfromtheancientbristlecone.Theysaythetreeisbeingcrowdedoutofmountainousareaswhereitgrows.“Thebristleconepineistheoldestindividuallygrowingorganism,”researcherssay.TheygrowinhighmountainforestsineasternCalifornia,NevadaandUtah.Inthosemountains,thetreesfacehighwindsandextremetemperatures,whichleavethemwithtwistedlimbsandshapes.“Eveninsuchtoughconditions,”BrianSmithers,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,said,“thelimberpineistakingallthegoodspots.”Thelimberpineisthebristlecone’sdistantrelativeandcompetitor.Itcanalsolivealongtime——upto2,000years.Anditisusuallyfoundatloweraltitudes,wheretemperaturesarewarmer.However,accordingtoathree-yearstudywhichcenteredontreesthathavestartedgrowinginthelast50yearsinCalifornia’sWhiteMountains,mostofthetreesgrowingathigheraltitudeswerelimberpines.Scientistscomparedthecompetingspeciestotwoo1dmeninaveryslowraceupamountainside.Thisracebetweensuchslow-growingtreestakesthousandsofyears.Theysayclimatechangeiscausingthecompetition.Smitherssaidthebristleconepinesarenotindangerofdisappearing.Butheassumestheycouldbecrowdedoutofsomeplaceswheretheyhavegrownforthousandsofyears.Theresearcherssaythefindingsshowhowclimatechangecanaffectthetwokindsoftrees.Theinformation,theysay,canhelpscientistsunderstandmorecomplexforests.1、What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Tointroduceatopic.B．Tosummarizethewholepassage.C．Todescribetheappearanceofatree.D．Topraisethehardworkoftheexperts.2、WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A．Therewillbeoldertreessentoutofthosemountains.B．Therewillbemoreplacescoveredwithbristleconepines.C．Therewillbebetterlimberpinesreplacingtheancientones.D．Therewillbefewerbristleconepinesgrowinginthoseareas.3、Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhylimberpinescangrowathigheraltitudesis_________.A．thehighwindsB．thedifficultconditionsC．thechangingclimateD．theextremetemperatures4、Whatistheresearchers’attitudetowardsthefutureofthebristleconepine?A．Positive.B．Concerned.C．Enthusiastic.D．Indifferent.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)About25millionpeopleplaysoccerintheUS,1．isalmost10%ofthetotalpopulationManyoftheseplayersareyoungpeople,andsoccer’s2．(popular)hasgrownovertheyearsinpartbecausechildrenasyoungasfiveyearsoldcanplayon3．(organize)teams4．contrast,mostbaseballandbasketballleaguesdon’tstartuntilagesseven5．eightAlso,mostparentswanttosigntheirkidsupforsoccerteamsbecausethesports6．(consider)verysage,7．(like)baseballandbasketballMost8．(importance),thecultureofyouthsoccerinAmericaplacesgreaterimportanceonteamworkthanbeing9．(compete)Becauseofthis,playersofallskilllevelsareabletobepartof10．teamWhileyoumayenjoyperfecthealthonavaried,well-plannedvegetariandiet,limitingfoodchoicestovegetablesonlycanhaveserioushealthconsequencesWithnortherfood1．(group),itisnotonlylikelythatyouwontgettheenergyyouneed2．(conduct)everydayactivities,butyoumightalsolacklotsofnutrientsMostmenburnbetween2,400and2,800caloriesperday,whilemostwomenburn1,800to2,200calories3．isextremelydifficulttomeetthesenumberswithvegetablesalone4．toofewcalories,you'llfeeldizzymoreeasilyandhaveahardertime5．(focus)Althoughvegetablesarerichinfiberandcarbohydrates(碳水化合物),theylack6．(variety)vitaminsandminerals,especiallyvitaminB-12,vitaminDandironAdietthatlacksvitaminB-12orironcancauseanemia,aconditionin7．yourblooddoesn'tsupplyyourbodywithenoughoxygenSeverelyrestrictingfood8．(be)asignofaneatingdisorder,particularlyif,you'retryingtoloseweightHealthyweight9．(lose)doesn'tmeanseverecaloriereductionHowever,10．you’reanxiousaboutyourweightoryourdiet,speakwithanexperttohelpensurephysicalandmentalhealthSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Manystudentshavetolivewithroommateswhilegoingtoschooloruniversity.Havingaroommatecanbeoneofthebestexperiences,oreasilyoneoftheworst.1、Followthesefivetipstoavoidthecommonmistakesthatmakegoodroommaterelationshipsworse.Talkthingsout.2、Ifsomethinghappens,sitdownwithyourroommatesandhaveaface-to-faceconversation.Complainingaboutyourroommatesbehindtheirbackscreatesnothingbutawkwardsituationsandgeneralunhappiness.3、Someroommatesbecomethebestoffriends,andsomedon’t.Don’tputpressureonyourselforyourroommatetoreachthislevel,especiallywhenyoufirstmeet.Remember,youaretryingtomakeanewfriend,notscareyourroommateaway.Andifyourroommatedoesn’tendupbeingyourbestfriend,thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.Cleanupafteryourself.Oratleast,keepyourmessonyourside.4、Butbeingconsideratewithwhereyouputyourownstuffwillhelpyouavoidthearguments.Askbeforeyoutake.Thisappliestofood,clothes,suppliesandanythingelsethatyoudon’town.5、Evenifyoubothagreetoshareeverythingyoushouldstillask.A．Don’texpecttobebestfriends.B．Communicationisofvitalimportance.C．Youdon’tneedtokeeptheroomcleanandorganizedallthetime.D．Roomscanbereallyeasyforamesstopileup.E.Ifyouwanttohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourroommate,itallstartswithyou.F.Notallroommatescanbecomeyourbestfriends.G.Showyourroommatethatyouhaverespectforhisorherbelongings.Weallhavedays,orevenweeks,onthejobwhenourproductivitydeclines.Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyou’rewastingtimeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.1、.TurnoffyourcellphoneIfyou’reeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.2、.Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.Organi