2022考研復(fù)試口語特訓(xùn)講義-翻譯

2222考研復(fù)試口語特訓(xùn)講義PAGEPAGE12022考研復(fù)試口語特訓(xùn)講義復(fù)試口語翻譯一、英譯漢詞匯：專有名詞（國名、人名、大洲、大洋名）國：Vietnam越南Jordan約旦Afghanistan 汗Burma緬甸※音譯 ：人名、地名、少量機構(gòu)Beethoven Darwin PlatoSapir BoasGreenland Queensland York Amazon※直譯 ：節(jié)日、大多機構(gòu)、作品、專業(yè)術(shù)語HalloweenDayWHO（WorldHealthOrganization）NBASocialScienceRocktown Mr.Beans ※意譯 ：文化歷史地名、作品（電影藝術(shù)、俗語China Seoul Chinatown“1900” “Gonewiththewind” “AfterShock” “TheBetterTimes”Loveapple Blinddate音譯為主，直譯為輔，很少意譯。一詞多性Educationpays. 回報Isecondyou. 挺Believebeliefstudy研究同義多詞homehomeprices房價homeandabroad 國內(nèi)※homeofshopping天堂beathome自在beathomewithtranslation擅長語法Icameyesterday.Ilovedyoubefore.Thisisabeautifulgirl.Igiveyouabook.Youmakemesmile.主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句詞匯解決策略：四小微觀技巧（上下文）elegantskin好皮膚elegantsystem好體系dealwithchallenge應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)dealwithadults 與成年人交流/打交道詞序的調(diào)整(副詞常放在動詞/形容詞前,時間優(yōu)先)Ireallylovethegirlverymuch.※Perhapsneverbefore※2milliontonsayearin1953(名詞及少量形容詞若有動作含義，則轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞)Wearegreatreaders.Wearegoodswimmers.Mycampuslifeisfilledwithtears,laughter,sadness,happinessanddepression.ThestudyofhistoryTheemphasisonthetheoryThepursuitofhappiness詞義的增減(抽象變具體)增：HotDryNoodlesaremustinWuhan.FindsolutionsMakepreparationsTopconcernEasetension減：In1997介詞Adogisaloyalanimal.冠詞Iamhappy.系動詞Irun/go/get/become/ammad.語序：四大宏觀技巧被動語態(tài)標(biāo)志：done(bysth./sb.)Iamloved.你愛我Thewomanwaskilled.Isawawindowbrokenbytheboy.Thewindowisbroken.方法：增加主動：主語提前；增加虛指主語：人們；我們；大家；有人（物做主語，動作發(fā)出者非人）換：得到；受到；遭到；為...所；加以；得以定語和定語從句翻譯標(biāo)志：ndoing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep...AboyrunningtomeThehomeworktofinishThewindowbrokenbyTomThewayusefulforyouThegirlinblue/oftheclass方法：還原至中心語前n+that/wh-地點/+wherewhenwhy方法：則直接順譯，需重復(fù)先行詞Ilovemymotherwhoisbeautiful.Ilovemymotherwhoisateacher.狀語標(biāo)志：Doing.../todo.../done.../adj.../prep...方法：常放置就近句首或放在謂語前（時間狀語優(yōu)先）Iwasbornin1985.年我出生了。/1985年出生。狀語從句標(biāo)志：because/so...that（時間狀語優(yōu)先）若從句過長，則可以順譯，但需要重復(fù)連詞過去：那時英文：（定語（定語狀語（狀語定語（定1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9語（狀語）1010 1 3 2 4 6 5 7 9 8插入語,xxxx, (xxx) xxxx觀點提前，邏輯提前Todayis, Ithink,cold.is,however,cold.really翻譯四大步驟：1.通讀全文，理解上下文主題2.逐句翻譯，運用四大宏觀技巧調(diào)整語序3.調(diào)整句內(nèi)詞語，運用四小微觀技巧修改4.通讀全句，調(diào)整翻譯。二、漢譯英難詞直譯（n.）;意譯；意譯+音譯blacksheeploveapple 西紅柿tomatokongfu SiheyuanauniquestyleoftraditionalChinesebuilding,whichiscalled“Siheyuan”inChinese.Quadrangle象形文字 七夕節(jié)day,whichiscalled“Qixi”inChinese.舞獅直liondance文化遺產(chǎn)直culturalheritage方言dialect意locallanguage皇家園林直royalgarden國花直nationalflower蜂擁意:gotogether/crowd(7幅員遼闊意alargearea士可殺不可辱意Ascholarcannotbehumiliated.不見不散意:Iwillwaitforyouuntilyouappear. Bethereorbesquare.出污泥而不染意Itkeepscleanandpureinthemud.難句(的)+名詞adj./doing/done+n.+(of+n.)+doing.../todo.../done.../prep.../adj...三姑 六婆 inschoolin1999traditionalChinesefolkperformance2,000thehistoryover2000yearsdifferentdialects當(dāng)?shù)匚幕囊粋€組成部分acomponentofthelocalculturemanyChineseplaces狀語：句子前后doing.../todo.../doneprep...伴隨Iworkhard,topasstheCET4/6.※他們熟練配合，模仿獅子的各種動作。Theycooperateskillfully,imitatingthelion’svariousmovements.※中國幅員遼闊，人口眾多。Chinaisverylarge,withabigpopulation.狀語：句子前后,+新主語doing.../todo.../doneprep...伴隨：獨立主格Iamsinging,youdancing.Iamteaching,youlistening.Twoperformerswearthesamecostumeofthelion.Oneiswavingthehead,withtheotherwavingthebodyandthetail.增、減、換(唯一)謂語無——添加謂語（有/是）like謂語多——去掉多余動詞 我是愛你的把多余動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為非謂語（doing/todo./done）斷句（簡；并；復(fù)）主語——動作發(fā)出者，無主語轉(zhuǎn)化為被動※千百年來，創(chuàng)造了許多詩歌和繪畫贊美牡丹。Inthousandsofyears,manypoemsandpaintingsare/havebeencreated,topraise/appreciatethepeony.牡丹培育和種植中國許多地方。ThepeoniesarecultivatedandplantedinmanyChineseplaces.三三”有”無生命/therebe伴隨 ,with※地鐵有安全、快捷和舒適的優(yōu)點。2Therearesafe,convenientandcomfortableadvantagesofthesubway.Thereareadvantag