代詞-專升本英語語法課件

專升本英語語法——代詞篇代詞的分類人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞不定代詞指示代詞疑問代詞第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復數(shù)第二人稱復數(shù)第三人稱復數(shù)陽性陰性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it

(它)we(我們)you(你們)they(他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it

(她)us(我們)you(你們)them(他們,她們,它們)人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。人稱代詞作主語時用主格，作賓語時用賓格。

They

all

like

him

verymuch.他們都很喜歡他。She

gave

the

books

toyou

andme.這些書是她送給你和我的。在itis/was...that/who...強調(diào)句型中，若被強調(diào)部分作主語，雖然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。It

is

I

who

did

it.

這件事是我做的。在比較狀語從句中，在不引起誤解的前提下，有時用賓格代詞代替主格代詞。Jack

is

as

good

a

student

as

he/him.若可能引起誤解，就不能用賓格代替主格。He

loves

you

more

than

I. 他愛我勝過我愛你。He

loves

you

more

than

me. 他愛你勝過愛我。4.用來表示感嘆時，常用賓格形式。Dear

me！ 天哪！Goodness

me！

天哪!She的用法：she可以用來代表國家、船只、大地、月亮等，以表達喜愛、親切之情。We

love

our

motherland,

we

hope

she’ll

bestronger

andbigger.我們熱愛我們的祖國,我們希望她更強大。The

ship

is

leaving.

She’s

on

her

first

trip

toBoston.輪船要起航了。這是她第一次去波士頓。2.

人稱代詞在并列使用時的順序為單數(shù)場合：you＋he/she＋IYou,

she

and

I

all

enjoy

themusic.你我她都喜歡音樂。復數(shù)場合：we＋you＋theyWe,you

and

they

are

all

Chinese.男女并列場合：he＋sheHe

and

she

don't

agree

with

me.it的用法：it作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。What’s the

weather

like

today?–

It’s

windy.今天的天氣怎么樣？-有風。It’s

about

five

minutes’

walk

from

home

toschool.從家到學校的路程大約5分鐘。it

可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人.—

Who

is

the

person

overthere?—

Itis

the

headteacher.3.it可作為形式主語，將不定式、動名詞等構成的主語后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)。It’s

hard

to

reach

theapples.很難夠到蘋果。It’s

good

for

you

taking

a

walk

aftersupper.對你來說飯后散步是有好處的。it

的常用結構：代替動名詞：it

is

no

use

doing

sth.做某事沒用。it

is

no

good

doing

sth.做某事沒好處。代替that從句it

is

apity

that....

可惜的是。。。

it

is

a

factthat...

事實上是。。。

it

is

certain

that...

一定。。。it

is

necessary

that...

有必要。。。it

happened

that...

碰巧。。。it

is

said

that...

據(jù)說。。。it

is

reported

that...

據(jù)報道。。。it

turns

out

that...

結果是。。。1.

---

Who

is

knocking

at

thedoor?---

I

don’t

know

.

I

was

lying

in

the

bed

andjust

ask

whoA.

he B.

shewas.C.

it2. I

can’t

find

my

hat

.

I

don’t

know

where

Iput.A.

one B.

it C.that3. I

can’t

find

my

hat

.

I

think

I

must

buy

anew

.A.

it B.

one C.

that固定句型做某事情對某人來說是…It

is

+

adj.

(+for

sb.)

+to

do

sth.It

is

hard

for

me

to

do

this

work.輪到某人做…It’s

one’s

turn

to

do

sth.It’s

your

turn

to

clean

theroom.是（某人）做某事的時候了

It’s

time

(for

sb.)to

do

sth.It’s

time

for

youto

do

the

homework.據(jù)說…

It’s

said

that

…It’s

said

that

yourteacher leave

ourschool.某人花費…做某事It

takes

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.自從…以來，已經(jīng)有…（時間）了。It

is/has

been+時段+since+從句(過去時)某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/感覺到做某事是…的findsb.

thinkfeel+it

+

adj.todo1.I

foundstudy

.very

difficult

to

make

progress

in

myB.

it

C.

thatA.

it’sIt my

father

a

whole

month

to

go

on

business.spent

B.

cost

C.

took二.物主代詞人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourhisherits

their名詞性yoursyoursmineourshishersitstheirs2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關系：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞注意：名詞性物主代詞在句中所指代的關系是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。These

books

aren't

ours.Ours

are

new.(our

books

=ours)This

is

not

our

room.

Ours

is

overthere.(our

room=

ours)2.“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬A

sister

ofhis

is

a

nurse.他的一個妹妹是個護士。Tom

is

a

friend

of

mine.湯姆是我的一個朋友。.She

is

a

friend

ofmy B.

mine

C.

IThis

isn’t

my

pen

,it

is.A.

her B.

his C.

himFrank

can’t

find dictionary

.

Can

youlend to

?her

,

mine ,

her/

, yours

,

hehis

,

yours

,

him.leg

isbadlyschool

is

much

biggerthanOur

,theirOurs

,theirsOur ,

theirsThe

dog

is

so

poorbecausehurt

.it B.

its C.

it’s人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代詞1.

反身代詞常見固定搭配①過得愉快②自學③請隨便吃…④自言自語⑤獨自⑥為自己⑦不要客氣⑧陶醉／沉浸于⑨自己穿衣服⑩照顧自己enjoy

oneselfteach

/

learn

oneself

sth.help

oneself

to

sth.say

to

oneselfbyoneselffor

oneselfmake

oneself

at

homelose

oneself

in…dress

oneselflook

afteroneself注意：oneself

有單復數(shù)之分I

enjoymyself.Children,

help

yourselves

to

some

fish.反身代詞可以加強名詞或代詞的語氣，一般表示“親自，本人”的意思。I

can

manage

it

myself.

我自己能處理。反身代詞的動詞短語。

（P25）1.Theman

is

rich

,

he

can

buya

lot

of

things

.A.

he

B.

his

C.

himself2.

---

What

a

lovely

card

!

Where

did

you

buy

it?---

I

made

it

by

.A.

me

B.

myself

C.

itself3.“Help to

some

chicken

,”my

mother

said

tothe

guests.A.

yourself

B.

yourselves

C.

your不定代詞不明確指代某個人、某些人、某些食物的代詞叫做不定代詞。all,

each,

every,

both,

either,

neithernone,

one,

little,

few,

many,

muchother,

another,

some,

any,

noone由some,any,no,every

等構成的合成代詞it,one,the

one,ones,the

ones,that

與those的區(qū)別

it,one,the

one,ones,the

ones,that

與those都可

以替代上文出現(xiàn)過的名詞，但它們所指代的情況不同。具體區(qū)別如下：其中it通常用來指代上文提到過的那個事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。I

like

this

house

with

a

beautiful

garden

in

front,

butI

don't

have

enough

money

to

buy

it.其余幾個詞替代上文提到的名詞時不表示同一個，而是同一類。除了替代不同類型的名詞外，還有泛指與特指的區(qū)別。

P28替代不可數(shù)名詞只能用that。幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中There

aresome

flowers

in

front

of

thehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑問句和否定句Doyou

have

any

picture-books?注意：some有時也可用于表示請求、征求意見的疑問句中，希望對方給予肯定的回答或料想對方會作肯定回答。Would

you

like

some

meat?你想要些肉嗎？May

I

ask

some

questions?我可以問問題嗎？Could

I

have

some

apples?我可以吃蘋果嗎？Will

you

give

me

some

water?你能給我些水嗎？2.many/muchmany

修飾或指代復數(shù)名詞There

are

many

eggs

in

thebasket.Many

of

us

like

playinggames.much

修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞He

doesn’t

know

much

English.another/otheranother

泛指三個或三個以上中的另一個I

don’t

want

this

coat.

Please

show

meanother.other

后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的Do

you

have

any

other

questions?the

other/others/the

othersthe

other特指兩個中的另一個He

has

two

sons.

One

is

a

worker,

the

other

is

a

doctor.修飾名詞，特指另一個、另一些Tom

likes

swimming,

and

the

other

boys

in

his

classlike

swimming,

too.others泛指其他的人或物

He

often

helps

others.Some

are

playing

basketball,

others

are

playingfootball.the

others特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物There

are

fifty

students

in

our

class.

Twenty

of

themare

girls,

the

others

areboys.5.few/a

few/little/a

littlefew/a

few

修飾可數(shù)名詞little/a

little

修飾不可數(shù)名詞few,little表示否定意義,譯為“沒有幾個”，“沒有多少”a

few,a

little

表示肯定意義,譯為“有幾個”，“有一點”1.Although

allthegirlshave

triedtheirbest,onlypass

the

exam.A.

few B.

a

few C.

a

little2.

Don’t

worry

.There

is time

left

.C.

fewpeople

in

the

school

canA.little B.

a

little

You

are

sogreat!do

it

.A

little B.

LittleC.

Few6.every/eachevery＋單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個”,強調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語,形式上為單數(shù).不與of連用Every

child

likes

playing

games.each

表示“每一個”,強調(diào)個性,作定語主語、賓語和同位語,常與of連用Each

student

was

asked

to

tryagain.Each

of

them

has

a

niceskirt.eacheveryeach

(常與of連用)every兩者或以上的每一個人或物三者或以上每一個人或物every

other

…

每隔…Eg:

every

other

day 每隔一天

=

every

two

days① I

gave

them an

apple.A.every B.eachC.

each

of② There

is

a

line

of

trees

on side

of

the

street.A．every

B．each③ She

goes

shoppingA.every B.eachC．bothfive

days.C.

each

of④他隔天來這里。

Hecamehere

every

otherday.7.all/noneall

“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語時,一般放在連系動詞、助動詞之后,行為動詞之前

P30We

are

all

from

Canada.They

all

like

English.none

“沒有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語動詞單、復數(shù)均可）None

of

us

is/are

afraid

of

dogs.none no

onenoneno

one沒有什么人

/

物“沒有人” 只能指人回答

how

many

問句回答who問句none

of

+ 復數(shù)名詞

/

them謂語用單數(shù)① How

many

people

are

there

in

the

room?—

.A.

None

B. No

one C.Lucy② Who

is

in

theroom?

—

.A.

None

B. No

one C.

one③ None

of

them

China.A.

come

from B.

is

from C.

is

come

from8.both/either/neitherboth

“（兩者）都”,作主語時看作復數(shù)；作定語時后跟名詞復數(shù)My

parents

are

both

teachers.=Both

of

my

parents

are

teachers.neither

“(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)Neither

answer

is

right.either

“兩者中任何一個”,作主語時謂語用第三人稱單數(shù); 作定語時后跟名詞單數(shù)There

are

trees

on

either

side

ofthestreet.=

There

are

trees

on

bothsides

of

the

street.有關詞組及應用both

of/either

of/neither

ofBoth

of

them

swimwell.他們倆都游得很好。Eitherof

you

goes

to

Beijing.你們倆隨便誰去北京都可以。Neither

of

them

stoppedtohave

arest.他們倆誰都不停下來休息。eitherof

兩者之一+復數(shù)名詞/them/us謂單neitherof兩者都不謂單bothof

兩者都謂復①

ofthegirls

him.

They

asked

him

for

name

card.Neither;

knowEither;

knowNeither;

knows② Bothofhisparents

teachers.A.

is

B.

are C.

was③ Both

of

his

brothers

in

this

hospital,

but

neither

of

them

a

doctor.A.

works;

is B.

work;

is C.

work;

areeither

neither

bothboth…and（謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式）either…or/neither…nor(謂語動詞遵循就近原則)Both

Tom

and

Lucy

are

in

Grade

Two.Tom

和Lucy都在二年級。Either

my

father

or

my

mother

cooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。Neither

he

nor

I

am

freetoday.我和他今天都沒空。either

neither

both① Either

Tom

or

the

twins the

way

to

theshop.A.

know B.

knows C.

finds② Neither

you

nor

Ia

scientist.C.

amA.

is

B.

are③ Both

Tom

and

MaryA.studies B.

studyhard.C.studyingeither

…or

…

或者…或者…就近原則neither

…nor

…

兩者都不both

…and

…

兩者都復數(shù)謂語like

their④

The

students

are

all

from

Foshan

.

Theycity

.fine.A.

both B.

all C.

either⑤

Lucy

and

Lily agree

with

us.A.

all

B.

both C.

neither⑥

How

are

your

parents

?

They

areA.

both B.

all C.

no不定代詞含義數(shù)量 作定語時 作主語時關系 名詞的數(shù) 動詞的數(shù)both兩者都=2復數(shù)復數(shù)either兩者中的任何一個=2單數(shù)單數(shù)neither兩者都不=2單數(shù)單數(shù)all三者或三者以上都≥3單數(shù)或復 單數(shù)或復數(shù)

數(shù)none三者或三者以上都不≥3○單數(shù)或復數(shù)each每一個≥2單數(shù)單數(shù)every每一個≥3單數(shù)單數(shù)9.something/anything/nothingsomebody/anybody/nobody當形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時，常后置

I

have

something

important

to

tell

you.Is

there

anything

else

in

the

box?Nobody

can

answer

thequestion.every,

everyone,everybody,

everything與not

連用表示部分否定，意為“并非每個.....都.....”Every

man

is

not

honest.=

Not

every

man

is

honest.Do

you

have to

do

thisevening?important

somethinganything

importantsomething

importantis

watching

TV

.

Let’s

turn

it

off

.Somebody B.

Anybody C.

NobodyWould

youlike ?

I

can

get

it

for

you

.something

elseanything

elseeverything

elseone

it① The

box

is

in

the

middle

of

the

room.

Moveaway.A.

it

B.

one C.

/② I

have

lost

my

pen.

I

have

to

buy

.A.

one B.

it C.

/③ How

nice

your

bag

is!

I

want

to

buy

.A.

it B.

one C.

/one

同類不同件．it

同類同件．指示代詞表示空間和時間遠近關系的代詞包括:this/that(單數(shù))these/those(復數(shù))1.

this,these指在方位上較近的人或物

that,those指在方位上較遠的人或物

This

is

my

shirt,

that’s

yours.These

TVs

are

made

inChina,Those

are

made

inJapan.2.that,those常指前面提過的東西,以免重復*These

boxes

are

heavierthan

those

on

thedesk.3.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that*He

was

ill

yesterday.

I’msorry

to

hear

that.四.指示代詞ofJinan.made① The

population

of

Shanghai

is

larger

thanA.

that B.

this C.

it② The

radios

made

in

Beijing

are

as

good

asinQingdao.A.

that B.

these C.

those③ What

I

want

to

tell

you

is the

film

will

be

at

eight.A.

it B.

this C.that疑問代詞用來構成特殊疑問句的代詞常見有：who

whom

whose what

which通常做主語\賓語\定語\表語What

makes

you

think

like

that? \做主語\Who

(Whom)

were

you

talking

with?

\做賓語\Which

bus

do

I

need? \做定語\What’s

your

father? \做表語\注意：在口語中，Who和Whom通用，

但在介詞后只能用WhomWith

whom

did

he

play

games?With

who

did

he

play

games?(錯)Try

it

outD.

ours(

D)1

Is

this

your

football,

boys?No,itisnot

A.yours B.

our C.

mine(

B)2Thebirdbuilds

nest

in

thetree.A.

her B.

its C.it’s D.

hers(C

)3Themathsproblem

is

wrong.A.himself B.

he C.

itself D.

herself(

D

)4Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,

is

blueand

aregreen.A.

another,

theother B.

the

other,

othersC.

others,

theothers D.

another,

theothers(D

)5

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