英語-單元詞匯詳解4-高一英語牛津譯林版必修第一冊

牛津英語單元詞匯詳解必修一Unit4Lookinggood,feelinggoodWordlistsSupportivesentences1.skip/sk?p/vt.不做（應(yīng)做的事情等）；跳過vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；略過(43)【原句背誦】Caroloftenskipsbreakfast.【拓展】skipoff/out溜走；突然離去skipover略過；遺漏；作短期旅行Itisimportantnottoskipmeals.重要的是，不能不吃飯。Theysawthemanwithalittlegirlskippingalongbehindhim.他們看到那個男人身后跟著一個蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩。Shedecidedtoskiptheafternoon’sclass.她決定下午的課不去上了。Shegaveaskipandajumpandwasoffdownthestreet.她一蹦一跳就順著馬路跑了?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020江蘇卷）Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).在一次訓(xùn)練之前，那些人不吃早餐，這意味著他們經(jīng)過一夜禁食，完全空著肚子訓(xùn)練。（2020江蘇卷）Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.這些結(jié)果暗示，為了從運動中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。2.yogurt/?j?ɡ?t/n.酸奶(43)【原句背誦】likesdrinkingfreshjuiceand

yogurtThere’sayogurtleftifyou’restillhungry.如果你還餓的話，還有一份酸奶。3.*faint/fe?nt/vi.昏厥adj.昏眩的；微弱的；可能性不大的(44)【原句背誦】TeenfaintsafterskippingmealsSTONECHESTER—AteenagegirlfaintedyesterdayatStonechesterHighSchoolafterskippingmeals.Wecouldheartheirvoicesgrowingfainterastheywalkeddowntheroad.他們沿路走遠(yuǎn)時我們聽見他們的說話聲逐漸模糊。Thereisstillafainthopethatshemaybecured.她的病還有一點點希望可以治愈。3.passout昏迷，失去知覺 (44)【原句背誦】ShethenpassedoutinhermorningPElessonandwasrushedtohospital.【拓展】passaway去世；停止；度過passby經(jīng)過；走過；逝去passthrough穿過……；通過……passon傳遞；繼續(xù)；去世passthetime打發(fā)時間；消磨時光passup向上推；拒絕；放棄Hefeltsickanddizzyandthenpassedout.他感覺惡心，眩暈，接著就昏倒了。Shesufferedfromadiseasethatcausedhertopassoutatschool.她患了一種病，在學(xué)校里昏倒了。Muchofthediscountispocketedbyretailersinsteadofbeingpassedontocustomers.折扣的大部分進了零售商的腰包，而顧客沒有得到實惠?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?013遼寧卷）Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthebloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!令這些科學(xué)家驚訝的是，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)血液流經(jīng)大腦時，大腦處于活躍狀態(tài)，絲毫沒有疲勞現(xiàn)象!（2013全國卷I）Andthesedays,agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup.如今，很少有人能錯過一筆好交易。4.immediately/??mi?di?tli/adv.立即，馬上conj.一……就(44)【原句背誦】Jenniferwasfoundtohavedangerouslylowbloodsugarlevelsandwastreatedimmediately.【誤區(qū)】當(dāng)immediately作連詞時，意思是“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于assoonas。Thepointofmyquestionmaynotbeimmediatelyapparent.我的問題的要點可能不是一下子就能看出來的。Immediatelyshe’dgone,Irememberedhername.她剛走開我就想起了她的名字?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.我沿著一條小路穿過森林，向當(dāng)?shù)氐囊粋€高地Shutlingsloe走去，遇到一塊小空地，我立刻看到了在新雪映襯下枯黃的草。（2020天津卷）Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.我不能立即作出決定，但你很快就會收到我的信。（2018天津卷）Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.立即從最近的消防通道離開；不要使用電梯。（2016全國卷III）Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.威爾蒂的新朋友們立刻派服務(wù)員去叫出租車。5.concentrate/?k?nsntre?t/vi.&vt.集中（注意力、思想等）；全神貫注(45)【原句背誦】Shetoldmeshehadtroubleconcentratinginclass.【拓展】concentrate(sth)(onsth/ondoingsth)集中（注意力）；聚精會神concentrationn.集中；專心；濃縮aneedforgreaterconcentrationonenvironmentalissues更加關(guān)注環(huán)境問題的必要性Ican’tconcentratewithallthatnoisegoingon.吵鬧聲不絕于耳，我無法集中精神。Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortsonfindingsomewheretolive.我決定全力以赴找個住的地方。Theareahasoneoftheworld’sgreatestconcentrationsofwildlife.該地區(qū)有世界上野生生物最集中的區(qū)域之一?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?017北京卷）Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.參與和輸?shù)暨@樣一場比賽的可能性應(yīng)該是計算機科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的焦點。（2017北京卷）IfTononi’stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight’s,wefinditharderthenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornewexperiences.如果托諾尼的理論是正確的，這就可以解釋為什么當(dāng)我們錯過了一個晚上的睡眠，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)第二天很難集中精力學(xué)習(xí)新信息——我們的大腦容納新體驗的空間可能會變小。（2011北京卷）Interruptionsbytechnologyoftenbreakconcentrationandallowfortoomuchdependenceonoutsideinformationforideas.技術(shù)的干擾往往會讓人無法集中注意力，讓人的想法過于依賴外部信息。5.sex/seks/n.性別 (45)【原句背誦】Jennifer’scaseisareminderofthedangersoftheunhealthyweight-losshabitsthathavebecomecommonamongteenagersofbothsexes.6.extreme/?k?stri?m/adj.極端的；嚴(yán)重的n.極端不同的感情（或境況、行為方式等）(45)7.slim/sl?m/vi.變苗條，減肥adj.苗條的；微薄的，小的(45)8.slimdown變苗條，減肥(45)【原句背誦】Inasocietywherebeingthinisoftenseenasbeingbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdownquickly.【拓展】aslimfigure/body/waist苗條的體形╱身材；纖細(xì)的腰肢aslimchanceofsuccess成功的可能性不大Howdoyoumanagetostaysoslim?你是怎樣把身材保持得這么苗條的？Youcanstilleatbreakfastwhenyouareslimming.你減肥也可以吃早飯嘛！They’rerestructuringandslimmingdowntheworkforce.他們正對職工加以重組和裁減?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020山東卷）Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?如果他能吃得多還能保持苗條身材，為什么我不能?（2016全國卷III）Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.身材苗條的韋爾蒂穿著一件簡單的灰色連衣裙，坐在房間的沙發(fā)上，聽了這個解釋似乎很高興。（2015天津卷）Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.膽量——愿意將自己延伸到極限——不是一朝一夕就能獲得的。（2014陜西卷）Todaytherateofobesity—orextremeoverweight—amongadultsisonly6%.如今，成年人中肥胖或極端超重的比例只有6%。9.percent/p??sent/n.百分之……(45)Accordingtoarecentsurveyofseniorhighschoolstudents’lifestyles,almostonefifthofteenagersregularlyskipmeals,oneintenover-exerciseandfourpercenteventakeweight-lossmedicine.【拓展】percentagen.百分比；百分率；百分?jǐn)?shù)Growthwillaccelerateto2.9percentnextyear.增長明年將加快到2.9%。Only8percentoftheareaisforested.這里只有百分之八是叢林地帶。Whatpercentageofthepopulationis/areoverweight?身體超重的人占人口多大的百分比？Interestratesareexpectedtorisebyonepercentagepoint(=onepercent).利率預(yù)計將提高一個百分點?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）一項調(diào)查顯示，55%的澳大利亞人家里有座機電話，只有29%的人使用智能手機。（2020浙江卷）Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.在這項研究中，約有52%的父親表現(xiàn)出高于平均水平的權(quán)威育兒方式。（2020全國卷III）Only6percentofthebiggestUScitieshavefactoredthemintotheirlong-termplanning.只有6%的美國大城市將其納入了長期規(guī)劃。（2015浙江卷）Graphcanbeaveryusefultoolforconveyinginformationespeciallynumbers,percentages,andotherdata.圖表是表達信息的非常有用的工具，尤其是數(shù)字、百分比和其他數(shù)據(jù)。10.concerned/k?n?s??nd/adj.擔(dān)心的，憂慮的；關(guān)注的，關(guān)切的(45)【原句背誦】Healthexpertsareconcernedaboutthesefigures.【拓展】beconcernedwith/about關(guān)心；關(guān)切，關(guān)注beconcernedabout/for憂慮；擔(dān)憂concerningprep.涉及；關(guān)于as/sofaras…concerned就……而言【誤區(qū)】表示“與……有關(guān)”，concerned常放在所修飾的詞之后。thepartiesconcerned當(dāng)事人；有關(guān)方面；協(xié)議雙方；當(dāng)事者authoritiesconcerned有關(guān)當(dāng)局；主管部門ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.總統(tǒng)對這個問題深感擔(dān)憂。Wearechieflyconcernedwithimprovingeducationalstandards.我們主要關(guān)心的是提高教育水平。Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureofthecompany.他問了幾個有關(guān)公司前途的問題。Allcasesconcerningchildrenaredealtwithinaspecialchildren’scourt.所有涉及兒童的案件均由兒童特別法庭審理。Thenewregulationswillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.新規(guī)章將使所有有關(guān)人員受益。【鏈接高考】（2020全國卷II）ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.路易斯安那州的科學(xué)家非常擔(dān)心，他們決定付給獵人每條尾巴5美元。（2016全國卷II）Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).其他人關(guān)注使用需要更少的水和肥料的園藝方法。（2013遼寧卷）Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursfeffortsasatthebeginning.就大腦而言，經(jīng)過8小時甚至12小時的努力后，它還能和剛開始時一樣工作又快又好。11.effect/??fekt/n.效果，作用；影響(45)12.sideeffect副作用(45)【原句背誦】Theyareincreasingtheireffortstoeducateteenagersaboutthesideeffectsoflosingweighttooquickly.【拓展】negativeeffect負(fù)面影響；負(fù)效應(yīng)；負(fù)磁力效應(yīng)positiveeffect積極的效果；明顯效果ineffect實際上；生效economiceffect經(jīng)濟效益，利用效果；經(jīng)濟效應(yīng)treatmenteffect治療效果；處理效應(yīng)takeeffect生效；起作用causeandeffect因果關(guān)系；原因與結(jié)果putintoeffect執(zhí)行haveeffecton/upon生效；對……有作用；對……有效果effectiveadj.有效的；實際的；起作用的effectivenessn.有效性；效果Parentsworryabouttheeffectofmusicontheiradolescent’sbehaviour.家長們擔(dān)心音樂對于其青少年子女行為的影響。Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?電視對孩子的行為有影響嗎？Hercriticismshadtheeffectofdiscouraginghimcompletely.她批評的結(jié)果是使他完全喪失了信心。Aspirinisasimplebuthighlyeffectivetreatment.阿司匹林藥片治療方法簡便，效果卻非常顯著。Thenewspeedlimitonthisroadbecomeseffectivefrom1June.這條路上新的限速規(guī)定自6月1日起生效。Sometimeswhenyoutakeacommondrug,youmayhaveasideeffect.有時當(dāng)你服用一種普通藥物時，可能會有副作用。Severalstudiesshowthattheeffectivenessofacertaindrugoftendependsonthepatient'sexpectationsofit.幾項研究表明，某種藥物的療效往往取決于病人對它的期望?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021新高考I卷）Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.盡管關(guān)于情商的流行觀點遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了研究能夠合理支持的范圍，但總體而言，公開宣傳的效果是利大于弊的。（2020江蘇卷）Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，脂肪細(xì)胞深處的影響可能是最顯著的。（2020全國卷I）Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.為了測試社會影響對飲食習(xí)慣的作用，研究人員進行了兩項實驗。（2018天津卷）Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.這個簡單的方法很有效，因為它最尊重個人和團體做的事情。13.prove/pru?v/linkingv.后來被發(fā)現(xiàn)是vt.證明，證實(45)【原句背誦】Theseso-called‘quick-fixmethods’provetobeharmfultoteenagers.【誤區(qū)1】prove的過去分詞常用proven?！菊`區(qū)2】當(dāng)prove意思是“證明，證實”，且主語是表示“物”時，prove常用作系動詞，后接形容詞、動詞不定式或名詞作表語，通常不用被動語態(tài)。Thisinformationcouldproveuseful.這條信息往后也許有用。Buyingnewfurnituremayprovetoocostly.購買新家具可能會花錢太多。Wehavebeenaccusedofexaggeratingbefore,butunfortunatelyallourreportsprovedtobetrue.我們曾被指責(zé)夸大其詞，但遺憾的是，我們所有的報告都證明是真實的。Henowhasthechancetoprovehimselfinadifficultrole.現(xiàn)在他的任務(wù)艱巨，有機會證明自己的能力。Goodcommunicationwithpeoplearoundyoucouldprovedifficult.與你周圍的人的良好溝通會被證明是很難的。【鏈接高考】（2021浙江卷）Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,(36)hasproved/priven（prove）irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.它不像喬治·華盛頓在波托馬克河上的種植園那樣令人印象深刻，但是在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的林肯的住處，自向公眾開放以來，對游客來說是無法抗拒的。（2020浙江卷）Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence--whichcanbetaught--arekeytoachild’slifesuccess.這項研究也有助于證明諸如毅力這樣可以培養(yǎng)的性格是孩子一生成功的關(guān)鍵。（2016北京卷，閱讀理解）Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.事實證明，鉛毒性更難處理。14.slightly/?sla?tli/adv.稍微，略微(45)【原句背誦】Itisnormalforteenagerstobeslightlyoverweightandthereisnoreasonwhytheyshouldbeworried.Hisfamilythenmovedtoaslightlylargerhouse.他的家后來搬到了一間稍微大一點兒的房子。Eachpersonlearnsinaslightlydifferentway.每個人學(xué)習(xí)的方式都略有不同?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020江蘇卷）Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.另一方面，平均而言，他們吃完早餐后鍛煉比禁食后鍛煉會消耗更多的熱量。15.diet/?da??t/n.日常飲食；節(jié)食vi.節(jié)食，進行規(guī)定飲食(45)16.nutrition/nju?tr??n/n.營養(yǎng)(45)17.function/?f??k?n/vi.起作用，正常工作，運轉(zhuǎn)n.作用，功能，職能(45)【原句背誦】Shepointedoutthatitisimportanttohaveahealthybalanceddietsinceteenagersarestillgrowingandtheirbodiesneedalotofnutritiontofunctionwell.【拓展】awell-balanceddiet均衡飲食be/goonadiet節(jié)食，減肥adviceondietandnutrition有關(guān)飲食和增加營養(yǎng)的建議tostudyfoodscienceandnutrition研究食物科學(xué)和營養(yǎng)nutritiousadj.有營養(yǎng)的functionas…起……作用；具有……功能functionaladj.功能的Idecidedtogoonadiet(=toloseweight)beforemyholiday.我決定在休假前節(jié)食。It’snevertoolatetoimproveyourdiet.改善飲食什么時候都不嫌晚。She’salwaysdietingbutsheneverseemstoloseanyweight.她總是在節(jié)食，但體重好像并未減少。Therearealternativesourcesofnutritiontoanimalmeat.有能替代動物肉類的其他營養(yǎng)來源。Despitethepowercuts,thehospitalcontinuedtofunctionnormally.盡管供電中斷，醫(yī)院繼續(xù)照常運作。Thesofaalsofunctionsasabed.這沙發(fā)還可當(dāng)床用。Themainfunctionoftheinvestmentbanksistoraisecapitalforindustry.各投資銀行的主要作用是為產(chǎn)業(yè)籌集資金。Thefunctionoftheheartistopumpbloodthroughthebody.心臟的功能就是把血液輸往全身?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.所有這些體育場館仍在運作，仍在開放，仍在舉辦世界體育盛事。（2020浙江卷）Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(認(rèn)知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.和那些做沒有挑戰(zhàn)性工作的人相比，他們損失認(rèn)知功能的速度要慢得多。（2020全國卷I）We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday.我們正在考慮如何設(shè)計植物來取代我們?nèi)粘Ｊ褂梦锲返墓δ?。?015全國卷II）Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.這里有一些方法可以把你的家變成你飲食計劃的一部分。（2015安徽卷）Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.營養(yǎng)是生命所必需的，所以食物在世界各地的不同文化中是如此重要的一部分也就不足為奇了。18.takein攝入，吸收(45)【原句背誦】Iftheydonottakeinenoughfood,theymayfeelweakandgetilleasily.【拓展】takecareofoneself照顧自己；頤養(yǎng)takepartin參加，參與takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)；具有；流行；接納；雇用；穿上takeup拿起；開始從事takeeffect生效；起作用takeoff起飛；脫下；離開；突然成功takeoutv.取出；去掉；出發(fā)；抵充takeinto考慮到；說服takein接受；理解；拘留；欺騙；讓…進入；改短takeaway帶走，拿走，取走takealookat[口]看一看；檢查takeover接管；接收takeforgranted認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然taketheleadv.帶頭；為首takechargeof接管，負(fù)責(zé)Theywillcertainlyneedtotakeinplentyofliquid.他們會肯定需要吸收大量液體。Lesleyexplainspossibletreatmentsbutyoucantellshe'snottakingitin.萊斯莉解釋了可行的治療方法，但是你可以看得出她沒有領(lǐng)會。Don’tbetakeninbyhischarm—he'sruthless.不要被他那迷人的風(fēng)度所蒙蔽，其實他冷酷無情。Thesmelloftheseatookhimbacktohischildhood.大海的氣味使他回想起孩提時代。Thenewmagazinehasreallytakenoff.這份新雜志真是大受歡迎。Thechameleoncantakeonthecoloursofitsbackground.變色龍可以變成周圍環(huán)境的顏色。Thearmyisthreateningtotakeoverifcivilunrestcontinues.軍方揚言如果內(nèi)亂繼續(xù)就實行軍管?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020全國卷II）AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.隨著年齡的增長，我成為了一位母親，圖書館在我的生活中有了一個新的位置和更多的意義。（2011遼寧卷）Forexample,anewcyberschoolcalledCommonwealthConnectionsAcademywilltakeinstudentsthisfall.例如，一所名為“英聯(lián)邦連接學(xué)院”(CommonwealthConnectionsAcademy)的新網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校將于今年秋季招生。19.energetic/?en??d?et?k/adj.精力充沛的，充滿活力的(45)【原句背誦】Sheadded,“What’smore,theyshouldkeepregularhoursandgetplentyofexercisetostayenergeticandfit.【拓展】energyn.能量；精力；活力；精神fullofenergyenergeticallyadv.積極地；精力充沛地Heseemedadynamicandenergeticleader.他看來是個富有創(chuàng)新力與活力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。Keepingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergetic.在學(xué)習(xí)和休息之間保持適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶?，能使我們精力充沛。Youshouldexercisemoresoastokeepenergeticandyoucanworkefficiently.你應(yīng)該多運動以保持精力充沛，才可以有效地工作。Youhavedriveandenergyforthosethingsyouareinterestedin.你對那些你感興趣的事情有動力、有干勁。【鏈接高考】（2020浙江卷）WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy.當(dāng)我們開燈、開電視或電腦時，我們使用能源，我們需要水來產(chǎn)生這種能源。（2020全國卷I）Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)--suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway--alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.因為照明常常是遠(yuǎn)離電源——比如從發(fā)電廠到偏遠(yuǎn)公路的路燈，大量的能量在傳輸過程中丟失。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，因此有助于節(jié)省能源。（2012湖北卷）Ifyouareoneofthoseenergeticmorningpeople,yourmostinventivetimecomesintheearlyeveningwhenyouarerelaxed.如果你是那種精力充沛的早起者，那么傍晚放松的時候是你最有創(chuàng)造力的時候。20.effective/??fekt?v/adj.有效的；生效的(45)21.getintoshape強身健體(45)【原句背誦】Westronglyencourageallteenagerstofollowtheselifestyletips,becauselivingwellisthesafestandmosteffectivewaytogetintoshape.【拓展】inshape在外形上；處于良好狀態(tài)takeshapev.形成；成形；體現(xiàn)；具體化intheshapeof以…的形式；呈…的形狀outofshape走樣；身體狀況不佳ingoodshape精神或身體狀態(tài)好Thepoolwasintheshapeofaheart.游泳池呈心形。Thegovernmentprovidesmoneyintheshapeof(=consistingof)grantsandstudentloans.政府以助學(xué)金和學(xué)生貸款的形式提供資金。Iliketokeepinshape(=keepfit).我喜歡保持健康。22.frightened/?fra?tnd/adj.害怕的，驚嚇的，受驚的(47)【原句背誦】IwasveryfrightenedwhenIwokeupinhospitallastThursday.【拓展】frighteningadj.令人恐懼的frightn.驚嚇；驚駭vt.使驚恐，使害怕toone’sfright讓某人害怕Lizawassofrightenedshecouldn'tmakeasound.莉莎驚嚇得發(fā)不出任何聲音。I'mfrightenedofwalkinghomealoneinthedark.我害怕在黑夜單獨走路回家。Shewasfrightenedofmakingamistake.她害怕犯錯誤?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?015天津卷）IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet（子彈）—andstoppedhimcold.我太害怕了，我閉上眼睛，絕望地像子彈一樣撲向那個人，讓他不寒而栗。（2015浙江卷）Graphscanseemfrightening,butreadingagraphisalotlikereadingastory.圖表可能看起來很嚇人，但閱讀圖表就像讀故事一樣。（2014安徽卷）Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.她現(xiàn)在開始在田野里放置揚聲器，看看大象是否被嚇跑了。23.within/w??e?n/prep.在（某段時間）之內(nèi)；在（某段距離、范圍）之內(nèi)；在……里(47)【原句背誦】ThedoctorhelpedmeandI(2)

madeafullrecoverywithintwodays.【反義詞】beyondprep.在……另一邊；超過，越過Theexercisewasbeyondtheabilitiesofmostoftheclass.這個練習(xí)超出了班上大多數(shù)學(xué)生的能力。Youshouldreceiveareplywithinsevendays.你會在七天之內(nèi)收到答復(fù)。Theambulancearrivedwithinminutesofthecallbeingmade.打電話后幾分鐘內(nèi)救護車就到了。Thatquestionisnotwithinthescopeofthistalk.那個問題不在本次會談范圍之內(nèi)。Thenoiseseemstobecomingfromwithinthebuilding.吵鬧聲像是從樓房里傳出來的?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I’dgivenitup.我試著在那里玩滑板，但當(dāng)?shù)厝丝刹辉趺聪矚g我。沒過幾年，我就放棄了。（2020江蘇卷）Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，脂肪細(xì)胞深處的影響可能是最顯著的。（2016全國卷III）TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.他們在東區(qū)一家舒適的咖啡館里坐了下來，幾分鐘后，另一位顧客走了過來。24.rather/?rɑ?e?(r)/adv.相反，而是；相當(dāng)；更準(zhǔn)確地說(47)【原句背誦】Fromnowon,I’llpaymoreattentiontomyhealthratherthanmyweight.【拓展】orrather更確切地說；倒不如說ratherthan而不是worldrather…than…寧可……而不……Shefellandhurtherlegratherbadly.她跌倒了，腿傷得相當(dāng)重。Itwasaratherdifficult(ratheradifficult)question.這是個相當(dāng)難的問題。Sheworkedasasecretary,orrather,apersonalassistant.她當(dāng)了秘書；確切地講，是私人助理。IthinkI’llhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.我想要冷飲，不要咖啡。Whydidn’tyouaskforhelp,ratherthantryingtodoitonyourown?你干嗎非得自己干，而不請人幫忙？【鏈接高考】（2021全國乙卷）GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.新生代的年輕家庭，比如我和我妻子，仍然認(rèn)為有一部住宅電話比給每個家庭成員都提供一部手機更方便。（2020江蘇卷）LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.LoveFone是一家提倡修理手機而不是丟棄它們的公司，2016年，該公司在倫敦的一個電話亭里開設(shè)了一個迷你工作室。（2016全國卷I）However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.然而，墨西哥人在權(quán)威人士發(fā)出指示時可能會保持沉默，而不是粗魯?shù)嘏c他或她爭論。25.aspect/??spekt/n.方面，層面(47)【原句背誦】Exercisingregularlyisalsoanimportantaspectofahealthylifestyle.Thebookaimstocoverallaspectsofcitylife.這本書旨在涵蓋城市生活的各個方面。Shefeltshehadlookedattheproblemfromeveryaspect.她覺得她已從各個角度考慮了這個問題。Thiswasoneaspectofhercharacterhehadn’tseenbefore.這是他過去沒有了解到的她的性格的一個方面。【鏈接高考】（2021新高考I卷）Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他對提升社會福利感興趣的人對情感有一種全新必要的重視。（2017全國卷I）Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.莫蘭說，今天爵士樂的一個問題是，音樂的娛樂性已經(jīng)消失了。（2015陜西卷）Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.很明顯，咖啡的種植方式影響著生活的許多方面，從當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境到全球生態(tài)。26.pressure/?pre??(r)/n.心理壓力，緊張；壓力；要求，催促(48)【原句背誦】Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.【拓展】putpressureonsb(todosth)強迫；促使；勸說underpressure在壓力之下；承受壓力【誤區(qū)】pressure作動詞時，意思是“迫使；使增壓；施加壓力；密封”。Hewillneverpressureyoutogetmarried.他永遠(yuǎn)也不會給你施加壓力讓你結(jié)婚。Thenurseappliedpressuretohisarmtostopthebleeding.護士壓住他的胳膊止血。Abandofhigh/lowpressureismovingacrossthecountry.一股高╱低氣壓正經(jīng)過這個國家。Teenagersmayfinditdifficulttoresistpeerpressure.青少年可能覺得很難抗拒同齡人的壓力。Thedirectorisunderincreasingpressuretoresign.主任面對被迫請辭的壓力越來越大。Don’tletyourselfbepressuredintomakingahastydecision.不要勉強自己倉促做出決定?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.馮·王希望他的工作也能幫助督促大公司減少使用塑料制品。（2016浙江卷）Ihavenoticedthreeeffectsofgossip:itcanhurtpeople,itcangivegossipersastrangekindofsatisfaction,anditcancausesocialpressuresinagroup.我注意到八卦的三個影響:它會傷害人，它會給八卦者一種奇怪的滿足感，它會在群體中造成社會壓力。（2014浙江卷）InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe,”takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.在日本，人們鼓勵病人去“森林浴”，在樹林里散步來降低血壓。27.contribute/k?n?tr?bju?t/vi.&vt.是……的原因之一；捐贈，捐獻；增加，添加(48)28.contributeto促成，造成(48)【原句背誦】Noisepollutionandlightpollutioninbigcitiesmayalsocontributetosleepproblems.【拓展】contributionn.貢獻；捐獻；投稿tomakeacontributiontocharity給慈善事業(yè)捐款contributorn.貢獻者；捐助者；投稿者【誤區(qū)】在contributeto中，to是介詞，后要接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing。Ibelievethateachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.我相信我們每一個人都能為世界的未來做出貢獻。Wecontributed￡5000totheearthquakefund.我們向地震基金捐贈了5000英鎊。Humanerrormayhavebeenacontributingfactor.人為的失誤可能是一個起作用的因素。ImmigrantshavecontributedtoBritishcultureinmanyways.移民在許多方面都對英國文化有所貢獻。Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.她給這家雜志撰寫了一些稿件。Hemadeaverypositivecontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他對項目的成功貢獻良多。Thesemeasureswouldmakeavaluablecontributiontowardsreducingindustrialaccidents.這些措施將會對減少工業(yè)事故起重要的作用?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021浙江卷）IdecideditwasnotfairthatIhadtocontributemymoney.我認(rèn)為我必須捐錢是不公平的。（2021新高考I卷）Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.研究表明，情感技能可能有助于一些品質(zhì)的形成，但大多數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了基于技能的情商。（2020全國卷I）It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.它是關(guān)于現(xiàn)在和一個人對現(xiàn)在的貢獻，因為閱讀是作者和讀者之間的交流。29.intheshort/longterm從短期/長期看(48)30.memory/?mem?ri/n.記憶力，記性；記憶，回憶(48)31.attack/??t?k/n.發(fā)作；攻擊；抨擊vt.&vi.攻擊；侵襲；抨擊(48)【原句背誦】Intheshortterm,peoplewithsleepproblemsoftenfeeltiredandhavetroubleconcentrating.Inthelongterm,theymaybeatincreasedriskofhavingapoormemory,beingoverweightandsufferingaheartattack【拓展】intheshort/longrun從短期/長期看intermsof/in…terms就……而言；在……方面；談及inmemoryof紀(jì)念……memorizevt.記住；記憶；背誦makeanattackon/upon…對……發(fā)動攻擊underattack遭到襲擊；遭到抨擊Iseeadangeroustraphere:whatifyouexperiencesomethingthatfeelsverygoodintheshorttermbutisactuallyharmfulinthelongterm?在這里我看到了一個危險的陷阱：如果你經(jīng)歷某事在短期內(nèi)感覺很好，但從長期來看實際上是有害的，那該怎么辦？Whileyoucandothatanditwouldprobablybeeffectiveintheshortrun,it’snotsustainable.如果你那么做的話，可能短時間內(nèi)有效，但這并非長久之計。ThistitleranksalongsidetheOlympicsintermsofimportance.這項冠軍的重要程度可與奧運會冠軍媲美。Thephotosbringbacklotsofgoodmemories.這些照片喚起了許多美好的回憶。Atdawnthearmyattackedthetown.軍隊在拂曉時向這座城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)動攻擊。Governmentshouldattachgreatimportancetocybersecuritywhichisconstantlyunderattackandisofgreatimportancetonationalsecurity.政府應(yīng)該十分重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，它不斷地受到攻擊，卻又對于國家安全十分重要?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome61educated(educate)abouttheareas--bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe62development(develop)ofthelocalareas.它（環(huán)保旅游）與傳統(tǒng)旅游不同，因為它讓游客了解該地區(qū)的地理條件和文化特征，通常為保護提供資金，并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。（2021新高考I卷）Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.正如歌中所唱，這條漫長而蜿蜒的路“永遠(yuǎn)不會消失”，它將永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。（2020全國卷I）50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.50名榮譽獎:評委將選出50名榮譽獎得主，每人將獲得紀(jì)念埃爾哈特最后一次飛行的T恤一件。（2016上海卷）Westilldon’tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years’time.我們?nèi)匀徊恢篮⒆觽冊谏缃幻襟w上發(fā)布的不明智的事情會產(chǎn)生多大的長期影響，這些事情在20年后會回來影響他們。（2015安徽卷）Whenanindividualantcomesunderattackorisdying,itsendsoutanalarmpheromonetowarnthecolonytoprepareforaconflictasadefenseunit.當(dāng)一只螞蟻個體受到攻擊或瀕臨死亡時，它會發(fā)出一種警報信息素，警告蟻群作為防御單位為戰(zhàn)斗做好準(zhǔn)備。32.amount/??ma?nt/n.數(shù)量(49)【原句背誦】Everyoneknowsthattheamountofqualitysleep(1)

that/whichwegetisimportanttous.【拓展】largeamount大量；巨額；大批alarge/greatamountof大量的（接不可數(shù)名詞）smallamount小額；小批量totalamount總數(shù)；總價；總計【誤區(qū)】alarge/good/huge/greatamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，表示“大量的”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；large/good/huge/greatamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“大量的”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargeamountofdamagehasbeendonebytheearthquake.地震造成了巨大的破壞。Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.建橋花了大量的錢。We’vehadanenormousamountofhelpfrompeople.我們得到了人們大力幫助。Theserverisdesignedtostorehugeamountsofdata.該服務(wù)器是為存儲大量數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計的。There’sbeenalargeamountofresearchintothesubject.對這個課題已進行了大量研究。Atremendousamountofworkhasgoneintotheproject.大量的工作已投入到這項工程?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?021全國甲卷）Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing（orthrowingoutoldclothing）isnothealthyfortheenvironment.制作衣服需要大量的自然資源，購買大量的新衣服(或扔掉舊衣服)對環(huán)境是有害的。（2020山東卷）Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.胖演員和瘦演員都吃了大量的食物。（2020浙江卷）Butwhileyouprobablyaddonlyasmallamountofsalttoyourfood,roadcrewsspreadabout20milliontonsofsaltonU.S.Roadseveryyear!雖然你可能只在食物中添加少量的鹽，但每年公路工作人員在美國的道路上撒下大約2000萬噸鹽!（2012浙江卷）OnebusinessmanusedtoleavelargeamountsofcashinhismailboxforDadtotaketothebank.Once,theamountcameto$832,000.一個商人過去常常在郵箱里放一大筆現(xiàn)金，讓爸爸拿到銀行去。有一次，金額達到了83.2萬美元。33.schedule/??ed?u?l;?sked?u?l/n.日程安排，工作計劃；時間表(49)【原句背誦】Trytosticktoyoursleepscheduleattheweekendtoo,eventhoughweekendsareprobablythetime(2)

whenyoufeellikealie-in.【拓展】aheadofschedule提前/先于預(yù)定時間behindschedule遲于預(yù)訂時間onschedule/ontime按時；準(zhǔn)時bescheduledtodosthg.預(yù)定/安排做某事bescheduledfor預(yù)定/安排在……Thenewbridgehasbeenfinishedtwoyearsaheadofschedule.新橋提前兩年落成。Thetunnelprojecthasalreadyfallenbehindschedule.隧道工程已經(jīng)晚了工期。Thenewmovieisscheduledtobereleasednextmonth.新電影預(yù)定在下個月發(fā)行。ThesportsmeetisscheduledforFridayafternoon.運動會安排在禮拜五下午舉行。We’llbestoppinghereforlongerthanscheduled.我們在這里停留的時間將超出原先的安排?！炬溄痈呖肌浚?020全國卷I）WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.雖然昆士蘭鐵路盡一切努力確?；疖嚾缙谶\行，但火車之間或火車服務(wù)和公共汽車服務(wù)之間的銜接無法保證。（2016全國卷III）Afreescheduleofeventsforeacht