高考閱讀理解D篇集訓(xùn)（八）

高考閱讀理解D篇集訓(xùn)（八）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在題卡上將該項涂黑。P071Thestudentyearsarenotonlyaboutbooksandlectures.Thiswonderfulperiodoftimemakesstudents’transition(過渡)toadultlifeeasier.Studentslearnhowtolivebythemselves,andnetworkwithprofessorsandotherstudents.Moreover,iftheychoose,theycanjoinastudentorganization.Oneoftheuniversity’smainpurposesistopreparestudentsforanintellectualjob.Studentorganizations’functionsareconsistentwiththat.Usually,suchanassociationoncampuscarriesonmanyprojectsthatcanhaveapositiveimpactonstudents’life.Thesecanbeinspirationalspeecheventsandmanyothernon-profitactivities.Alltheseinterestingprojectsrequiremorethanjuststudentsbeingpresent.Eachofthemhastogothroughvariousdevelopmentsregardingmanagement,digitaldesign,findingsponsorships,organizingeventsandmanyothers.Thesewillbevaluableenoughtohelpthemgetamazingwork.Besidesthematerialeffectsabove,researchesshowjoiningastudentorganizationhelpspsychologicaldevelopment.Itisindeeddifficulttodealwithbothextracurricularprojectsandstudies.However,thisroutineisserioustrainingfortheiradultlife.Theywillcometounderstandbettertheimportanceoftheirlectureswithoutwhichtheycan’tcompletecomplextasks,sotheywillbecomemorecommittedtotheircollegiateeducation.Oncetheygetinvolvedinastudentorganization,however,it’smorethanlikelythattheyhavetospendmuchtimeparticipatinginweeklyandmonthlymeetingsandcontributingtheirowneffortstolotsofprojects.Sincetheseactivitieswillhaveahugeimpactonstudentsespeciallyoffcampus,manystudentswillplaceextracurriculardutiesabovecollegecourses.Anyway,theimpactsvaryinnumberandeffectivenessdependingonstudents’attention.However,onethingisforcertain.Suchorganizationswillprovideanunforgettableexperiencethatwillunlocktheirfullpotentialanddeserveashot.Whydostudentorganizationsbenefitstudents’futurecareer?A.Theyteachstudentstonetworkwithothers.B.Theyhelpstudentstofinishcomplextasks.C.Theyinspirestudentstoattendspeeches.D.Theyhavestudentsexperiencedifferentjobs.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Studentorganizationshavemanymaterialeffects.B.It’shardtobalanceextracurricularprojectsandstudies.C.Studentorganizationshelpstudentswiththeiradultlife.D.Studentsorganizationsbenefitpsychologicaldevelopment.What’sthedisadvantageofjoiningastudentorganizationaccordingtothetext?A.Concentrationonstudy.B.Conflictsoftimemanagements.C.Participationinendlessmeetings.D.Awasteofeffortstofinishprojects.What’stheattitudeoftheauthortowardsjoiningstudentorganizations?A.Favorable. B.Disapproving. C.Indifferent. D.Humorous.32-35DDBAP072ThereisatimewhenmanyAmericansquestionwhetheracollegedegreeisworthitscost.However,arecentstudyfoundAmericanswhocompletedcollegeoruniversityaremorelikelytohavefriendsandarelesslonelythanthosewhoonlyfinishedhighschool.DanielCox,directoroftheSurveyCenteronAmericanLife,saidthatingeneralAmericansareexperiencinga“friendrecession”,meaningadeclineintheirnumberoffriends.Coxnoted“Americanshavefewerclosefriendstodaythanwedidintheearly’90s.Butmenandthosewithoutacollegedegreewereparticularlyaffectedbecausetheyseemtohaveexperiencedamuchmoredramatiedeclineoverthatperiod.”TheCenterquestioned5,054peoplethispastsummer.ItfoundAmericanswithacollegedegreefeelmoresociallyconnectedandaremoreactiveintheircommunitiesthanpeoplewhodidn’tgotocollege.Asaresult,thosewhocompletedcollegereportfeelinglesslonely.PreviousresearchshowedthatAmericanswhodidn’tgotocollegearelesslikelytomarry.A2012studyfoundthatcollege-educatedwomenweremuchmorelikelytogetmarriedthanwomenwhodroppedoutofhighschool.A2013studyofpeoplebornbetween1957and1964foundthatbothmenandwomenwhodidn’tfinishhighschoolwerelesslikelytomarrythanthosewithmoreeducation.Today,65percentofcollege-educatedAmericansoverage25aremarried.About50percentofpeoplewithahighschooldiploma,orwhodroppedoutofhighschool,aremarried.Thosenumbersweredifferentin1990,whenmarriageratesamongthecollegeeducatedwereat69percent,comparedwith63percentforthosewhodidnotgotocollege,saysaPewresearchreport.TheAmericanCommunityLifeSurveyfoundaround1in10collegegraduatessaytheyhavenoclosesocialconnections.ThatnumberrisesamongAmericanswithoutadegree,wherealmost1in4saytheyhavenoclosefriends.Accordingtothetext,thestudywascarriedoutwhen__________.A.psychologicalproblemsarosesharplyB.thenumberofcollegegraduatesdeclinedC.AmericansexperiencedafriendrecessionD.concernsaboutcollegecostsappearedWhyaresomestudiesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toprovideevidencefortheresearch.B.Toanalyzethereasonsforloneliness.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmarriage.D.Tocomparedifferencesingenerations.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Education. C.Technology. D.Health.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.SocialproblemsintheAmericansociety.B.ReasonsforAmericans’lowmarriagerates.C.Linksbetweeneducationandsocialinteraction.D.Discussionsaboutwhethertogetacollegedegree.12-15DABCP073Araceisoninsolarengineeringtocreatealmostimpossibly-thin,flexiblesolarpanels.StanfordUniversityresearchersannouncedtheyhaveachievedrecordefficienciesinapromisingclassofnewmaterials—whichcanbethinnerthanapieceofpaper.AccordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunications,itusesanewmaterialcalled“transitionmetaldichalcogenides”(TMDs).Theyabsorbincrediblyhighvolumesofsunlightthatreachtheirsurfacecomparedtoothersolarmaterials.“Imagineanautonomousdrone(無人機(jī))thatpowersitselfwithasolarpanelatopitswingthatislessthansixmicrometersthick.”saidKooshaNassiriNazif,co-leadauthorofthestudy.Slimmingdownisnecessarybecausethekingofsolarmaterials,silicon,ismuchtooheavy,largeandrigidforapplicationswhereflexibility,lightweightandhighpowerareimportantandexcellent.WhileTMDsholdgreatpromise,researchexperimentstodatehavestruggledtochangemorethan2%ofthesunlighttheyabsorbintoelectricity.Butthescientistsbelievetheycouldpracticallyreach27%efficiencywithelectricalimprovements.Thatwouldbecomparablewithtoday’stopsolarpanels,siliconincluded.NaziftoldForbesthatthenewmaterialsaregreatcandidatesfornext-generationelectronicsandsolarcells.ChipmakerslikeIntelandtheTaiwanSemiconductorManufacturingCompanyarealreadyconsideringTMDsfortheirfuturetechnology.”Theycouldbeusedinavarietyofmobileapplications,includingself-poweredwearabledevicesandsensors,aswellasgivingaboosttolightweightairplanesandelectriccars.Theultra-thinnessdoescomewithengineeringchallenges,primarilyinmassproduction.WhentransferringsuchalayerofTMDtoaDexible,supportingmaterial,theTMDlayerisfrequentlydamaged.Buttheteamthinksitispossibletoovercomethesechallenges.Shouldtheysucceed,itcouldchangesolarpowerasweknowit.“Siliconmakesup95percentofthesolarmarkettoday.”NaziftoldForbes.“Thisiswhywearen’tseeingtheseapplicationsforsolarcellstoday;TMDsaregoingtochangethelandscape.”WhatisthebiggestadvantageofTMDsnow?A.Theyhavethequalityofremarkablethinness. B.Theycanefficientlyturnsunlightintoenergy.C.Theyarecomparabletotopsiliconpanels. D.Theyhaveexcellentabilitytoreflectsunlight.WhatdoesNazifstressinparagraph6?A.TheappealofTMDstochipmakers. B.Theexpectationforfuturetech.C.Thewideapplicationsofsolarenergy. D.ThefutureprospectsofTMD.Whatcanweexpectofnewsolarpanelsinthefuture?A.Theycouldpowerallmobiledevices. B.Theycouldbeacompetitivealternative.C.Theywillrevolutionizetheenergymarket. D.Theywillbeproducedonalargescalesoon.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.MostEfficientSolarPanelsHaveHittheMarket.B.StanfordScientistsDevelopaNewGreenMaterial.C.TMDsCouldBeUsedforLightweightSolarPanels.D.ChallengesAretoBeOvercometoPromoteTMDs.32-35ADBCP074PieterBruegel’siconic1565paintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.Theworkshowedpeopleharvestingwheatnearlyastallastheywere.“Nowadays,however,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseethatwheatisaboutknee-height.Thereducedheightisessentiallyaconsequenceofbreeding(培育)alongwithgenesforincreasingproductiontofeedagrowingpopulation,”biologistDeSmetexplained.DeSmetsayswheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanallowustotrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.HeteamedupwitharthistorianVergauwen,afriendsincechildhood,todocumentsuchartworkaroundtheworld.Theyhavebeenmainlylookingatthingswheretheycanspotchangesinshape,colorandsize.TheirinterestinplantsinartworkbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseum,wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypainting.Itappearedtobepaleandwhiteontheinside.BiologistDeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButarthistorianVergauwenhadadifferentidea.“No,thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepainteditlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavelookedlike,”heexplained.Otherpaintingsrevealedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonsweregrownduringthe17thcentury.“Withallthegeneticknowledgewenowhave,wecanlookinmoredetailhowsomethingcomesabout,”DeSmetsaid.“Forexample,untilthe18thcentury,Europeanstrawberriesappearedtinyinpaintings—theythengrewinsizeastheywerecrossbredwithNorthAmericanvarieties.”Ultimately,theteamhopestocreateanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartworkTheyseekthecontributionsofartenthusiastsaroundtheworldviathesocialmedia.“However,”Vergauwenreminds,“ifyou’regoingtouse,forexample,Picassototryandunderstandhowapearlookedintheearly20thcentury,youmightbemisled.”WhatcanwelearnaboutthepaintingTheHarvesters?A.Itshowshowpeoplesuccessfullygrewwheat.B.Itprovesthatwheatwasmuchshorterinthepast.C.Itexplainstheconsequenceofdifferentbreedingmethods.D.Itgivescluesabouthowwheatinthe16thcenturylookedlike.Whatinspiredtheresearchteamtostarttheirstudy?A.Theirpreferenceforfoodcrops.B.Theirfriendshipsincechildhood.C.Theirdividedviewsonanoldpainting.D.TheirsharedinterestinHermitageMuseum.WhatisthemessagefromVergauweninthelastparagraph?A.Artenthusiastsarenotcarefulenough.B.Abstractpaintingsoftenmisleadpeople.C.Thesourcepaintingsneedtoberealistic.D.Picasso’spaintingsarehardtounderstand.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocommentonhistoricalplantpaintings.B.Totellinterestingstoriesbehindplantartwork.C.Toinformreadersofascientificbreakthrough.D.Tointroduceastudyonfoodcroptransformation.32.D33.C34.C35.DP075Search“toxicparents”,andyou’llfindmorethan38,000posts,largelyurgingyoungadultstocuttieswiththeirfamilies.Theideaistosafeguardone’smentalhealthfromabusiveparents.However,asapsychoanalyst(精神分析學(xué)家),I’veseenthattrendinrecentyearsbecomeawaytomanageconflictsinthefamily,andIhaveseenthesevereimpactsestrangement(疏遠(yuǎn))hasonbothsidesofthedivide.Thisisaself-helptrendthatcreatesmuchharm.“Canceling”yourparentcanbeseenasanextensionofaculturaltrendaimedatcorrectingimbalancesinpowerandsystemicinequality.Today’ssocialjusticevaluesrespondtothisreality,callingonustocriticizeoppressiveandharmfulfiguresandtogainpowerforthosewhohavebeenpowerless.Butwhenadultchildrenusethemosteffectivetooltheyhave—themselves—togainasenseofsecurityandbantheirparentsfromtheirlives,therolesaresimplyswitched,andthepainonlydeepens.Often,whatIseeinmypracticearecasesoffamilyconflictmismanaged,powerdynamicsturnedupsidedownratherthannegotiated.Iseetheterribleeffectofthattrend:situationswithnowinners,onlyisolatedhumanswholongtobeknownandfeelsafeinthepresenceoftheother.Thecatchisthatafterestrangement,adultchildrenarenotsuddenlylessdependent.Infact,theyfeelabandonedandbetrayed,becauseintheunconscious,itdoesn’tmatterwhoisdoingtheleaving;thefeelingthatremainsis“beingleft”.Theycarrytheghostsoftheirchildhood,tacklingtheemotionalrealitythatthosewhoraiseduscannevertrulybeleftbehind,nomatterhowhardwetry.WhatIhavefoundisthatmostofthesefamiliesneedrepair,notpermanentbreak-up.Howcanonelearnhowtonegotiateneeds,tocreateboundariesandtotrust?Howcanweloveothers,andourselves,ifnotthroughacceptingthelimitationsthatcomewithbeinghuman?Goodrelationshipsaretheresultnotofaperfectlevelofharmonybutratherofsuccessfuladjustments.Topursuedialogueinsteadofestrangementwillbehardandpainfulwork.Itcan’tbeasingleprojectof“self-help”,becauseattheendoftheday,realintimacy(親密關(guān)系)isachievedbyworkingthroughtheinjuriesofthepasttogether.Inmostcasesoffamilyconflict,repairispossibleandpreferabletoestrangement—andit’sworththework.Whydoyoungpeoplecuttieswiththefamily?A.Togainanindependentlife. B.Torestoreharmonyinthefamily.C.Toprotecttheirpsychologicalwell-being. D.Tofollowatendencytowardssocialjustice.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catch”inParagraph4mean?A.Response. B.Problem. C.Operation. D.Emphasis.Tomanagefamilyconflict,theauthoragreesthatyoungadultsshould .A.breakdownboundaries B.gainpowerwithinthefamilyC.liveuptotheirparents’expectations D.acceptimperfectionoffamilymembersWhat’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Toadvocateaself-helptrend. B.Tojustifyacommonsocialvalue.C.Toargueagainstacurrentpractice. D.Todiscussameansofcommunication.32-35CBDCP076Livinginacityisawell-knownriskfactorfordevelopingamentaldisorder,whilelivingclosetonatureislargelybeneficialformentalhealthandthebrain.Acentralbrainregion,theamygdala(大腦杏仁核)involvedinstressprocessing,hasbeenshowntobelessactivatedduringstressinpeoplelivinginruralareas,comparedtothosewholiveincities,suggestingthepotentialbenefitsofnature.“Butsofarthehen-and-eggproblemcouldnotbesolved,namelywhethernatureactuallycausedtheeffectsinthebrainorwhethertheparticularindividualschosetoliveinruralorurbanregions,saysSonjaSudimac.Toachievecausalevidence,theresearchersfromthegroupexaminedbrainactivityinregionsinvolvedinstressprocessingin63healthyvolunteersbeforeandafteraone-hourwalkinGrunewaldforestorashoppingstreetwithtrafficinBerlin.Theresultsrevealedthatactivityintheamygdaladecreasedafterthewalkinnature,suggestingthatnatureleadstobeneficialeffectsonbrainregionsrelatedtostress.“Theresultssupportthepreviouslyassumedpositiverelationshipbetweennatureandbrainhealth,butthisisthefirststudytoprovethecausallink.Interestingly,thebrainactivityaftertheurbanwalkintheseregionsremainedstableandshowednoincreases,whicharguesagainstacommonlyheldviewthaturbanexposurecausesadditionalstress,”explainsSimoneKuhn,headofthegroup.Theauthorsshowthatnaturehasapositiveimpactonbrainregionsinvolvedinstressprocessingandthatitcanalreadybeobservedafteraone-hourwalk.Thiscontributestotheunderstandingofhowourphysicallivingenvironmentaffectsbrainandmentalhealth.Evenashortexposuretonaturedecreasesamygdalaactivity,suggestingthatawalkinnaturecouldserveasapreventivemeasureagainstdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsandreducingthepotentiallydisadvantageousimpactofthecityonthebrain.Inordertoinvestigatebeneficialeffectsofnatureindifferentpopulationsandagegroups,theresearchersarecurrentlyworkingonastudyexamininghowaone-hourwalkinnaturalversusurbanenvironmentsimpactsstressinmothersandtheirbabies.Whatdoesthehen-and-eggproblemmeanbySonjaSudimac?A.Livinginruralareasactuallyaffectsbrainactivity.B.Peopleincitiestendtohaveahigherriskofmentalproblems.C.It’sunnecessarytoworkoutthecomplexissueofstressandhealth.D.It’shardtoclarifytheimpactoflivingenvironmentonmentalhealth.Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?A.Bycomparingvolunteers’amygdalaactivities.B.Byinterviewinghealthyvolunteers.C.Byresearchingonaprevioustheory.D.Byquotingauthoritativeexperts.WhatcontributiondidSimoneKuhnandhisteammainlymake?A.Supportingacommonlyheldviewofurbanexposure.B.Confirmingtheassumptionofnature’sbenefitstobrainhealth.C.Revealingthelinkbetweenageandmentalhealth.D.Identifyingthecausesofmentalhealthproblems.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Benefitsofaregularwalkinnature.B.Thefocusofthefollow-upresearch.C.Anappealforlivinginurbanregions.D.Nature’spositiveeffectsonwomenandchildren.32-35DABBP077Canyouimaginesomeonehuntingyoudownwithagun?Mostofuswouldbeterrified.So,it’snosurprisethatthat’showanimalsrespond,too.Orcas,aspeciesthathavebeensystematicallyhunted—evenwithmachineguns—dramaticallydecreasedinnumberinthetwentiethcentury.Thesesocalled“killerwhales”huntedthesamefishthatfishermenprizedandwerethereforeseenascompetition.Consequently,killerwhalesbeganavoidingcertainlocationsandroutes.ButwhileNorthAmericalargelybannedtheirkillinginthe1970s,theycontinuetobehuntedinGreenlandtothisday.Elephantsalsohavetodealwithhumanhunters.Ivorypoachers(象牙偷獵者)havegreatlyreducedtheAfricanelephantpopulation,whichusedtocovertheentirecontinent.Theivorytradewasbannedin1990,butanimalhabitatsandfoodsupplieshavestilldeclined.InKenya,thehumanpopulationhasincreasedfourtimesoverthelast40yearswhiletheelephantpopulationdeclinedbyfour-fifths.Thishascausedtheelephantstoadoptuniqueresponsestopeople.Forinstance,elephantsareterrifiedofthespear-wavingMaasai,anethnicgroupofKenyaandTanzaniawhohaveoftenhurtelephantswhentryingtoprotecttheirowncattle.Soonceinanexperimentbyagroupofzoologists,whenelephantslivingclosetotheMaasaiwerepresentedwiththreedifferentT-shirts,onebelongingtoaMaasai,anothertoadifferentlocalandonetoaresearcher,theyonlyreactedwithfeartotheMaasaishirt,literallysmellingthedanger.However,neitherelephantsnorkillerwhalescommonlyshowangerandhateforpeople.Infact,elephantsaregenerallyfriendlytohumans.Andtheonlyinstancesofkillerwhalesharmingapersonoccurredwhenthewhaleswerekeptinawatercage.Orcashaveevenbeenreportedtoaidhumansinneed,protectingthemfromotheranimals.Whyarekillerwhalesoftenhunted?A.Theyarehugelyprofitable.B.Theyharmpeople’sinterests.C.Theythreatenfishermen’ssafety.D.Theycompetewithotherwildlifeforfood.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?A.Lessillegalivorytrade.B.Thedeclineoffoodsupplies.C.Elephants’travelingtoothercontinents.D.Thepopulationchangeofhumansandelephants.Whyistheexperimentmentioned?A.Toprovehumans’influenceonanimals.B.ToshowthedefensivenatureoftheMaasai.C.Toillustratetheclevernessofthewildanimals.D.Tohighlighttheurgencyofanimalconservation.What’sthebesttitleofthistext?A.FierceAnimalsCanFeelFrightenedTooB.AnimalKingdomsAreSoundinganAlarmCAnimalsAreTryingtoFitinHumanWorldD.HumanActionsHaveShapedAnimalConsciousness32-35BDADP078TheCatBoatisbasicallyashelterforcats,butwhatmakesitspecialisthattherescuedcatsalliveaboard.Althoughitwasn’tintendedinitiallytobeatouristattraction,theCatBoatregularlyreceivesabout4,500visitorsayear,mostofwhomaretouristswhojusthappentobemissingtheirowncatswhileonvacation.TheCatBoatdatesbackto1966,whenakindwomannamedHenriettetookpityonstray(走失的)littlecatsandallowedthemtostayatherownhome.Henriettesoonbecamewell-knownintheneighbourhoodforherkindnesses:peoplewouldregularlydropoffrescuedcatsatherdoorstepandshewouldneverturnoneaway.Thiswentonforjustabouttwoyears,afterwhichHenriettesimplydidn’thaveenoughroomtohousemorecats.Soshecameupwithagreatsolution—sheputthemallonanunusedhouseboatonthenearbyHerengrachtcanal.TherescueboatservedasasafeshelterforstrayandwildeatsinAmsterdamfordecades,withHenriettecaringforthemuntilherdeathin2005.Itisnowrunwiththehelpofaverysmallstaffandjustafewlocalvolunteers.Youcanpetsomecats,butdon’ttrytopickthemup.Tohelpvisitorsidentifythecats,thestaffhavedrawingsof“Dangerous”postedallovertheboat.“ofcoursetheyarenotreallydangerous,”onestaffmember,Judith,added.“Youjusthavetoleavethemalone.Peoplealwaysliketopetacat,butoftenthatisn’twhatthecatwants.”VisitingtheCatBoatisfreeofcharge,butmosttouristswanttomakegenerousdonationswhentheyknowthatitdoesn’treceivegovernmentsupport.Catloversfromacrosstheworldalsomakeonlinedonationstohelpsupportthisboat’spermanentresidents.“About10yearsagowedidapplyforfunding,buttheyturnedusdown,”Judithsaid.“Fromthatmomentonwe’vegoneourownway.Andwedolikethefeelingofbeingindependent.Nostringsattached.”WhydoestheauthormentionHenrietteinParagraph2?A.Toshowherpityoncats.B.ToshowtheoriginsoftheCatBoat.C.ToshowthepopularityoftheCatBoat.D.Toshowherinfluenceinthelocalneighbourhood.WhatcanwelearnfromJudith’swordsinParagraph4?A.Catsliketostayalone.B.Itisdifficulttoadoptacat.C.Catsontheboatareharmfultopeople.D.Visitorsshouldn’ttouchthecatsintheshelter.Whatplaysapartinkeepingtherunofthecatboat?A.Admissionfees.B.Onlinedonations.C.Fundsfromanorganization.D.Financialsupportsfromthegovernment.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AFreeTouristAttractionB.AWomanHelpingHomelessCatsC.ACharityforStrayandWildCatsD.AFloatingShelterforCats32-35BDBDP079Overthepastcentury,morethanafewgreatwritershaveexpressedconcernabouthumanity’sfuture.InBraveNewWorld(1932)，theBritishauthorAldousHuxleypicturedanearperfectsocietyinwhichunhappinessandaggressionhadbeenremovedoutofhumanitythroughacombinationofgeneticengineeringandpsychologicalconditioning.Itmightsurpriseyoutohearthis,butthesethingshavealreadyhappened.Nowwearelivinginaworldinwhichahandfulofhigh-techcompaniesarenotonlymonitoringmuchofouractivity,butarealsoinvisiblycontrollingmoreandmoreofwhatwethink,feel,doandsay.TakeGoogle,thebiggestandthebestsearchengine.Itgivesusexactlytheinformationwearelookingfor,almostinstantlyandalmostalwaysinthefirstpositionofthelistafterwelaunchoursearch—thelistof“searchresults”.Andthatorderedlistissogood,infact,thatabout50percentofourclicksgotothetoptwoitems,andmorethan90percentofourclicksgotothe10itemslistedonthefirstpageofresults.Secondslater,thedecisionwemakeortheopinionweformisdeterminedbythatshortlistweareshown,eventhoughwehavenoideahowthelistwasgenerated.Ofcourse,Googledecideswhichofthebillionsofwebpagesitisgoingtoincludeinoursearchresults,anditalsodecideshowtorankthem.However,howitdecidesthesethingsisadeep,darksecret—oneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,liketheformulaforCoca-Cola.Thetechnologythatnowsurroundsusisnotjustaharmlesstoy;ithasalsomadepossibleundetectableanduntraceablecontrolofentirepopulations.Ifwechoosetoignorethis,wedosoatourownrisk.WhydoestheauthormentionthebookBraveNewWorld?A.Tointroducethebook. B.Toleadinthetopic.C.Toarousereaders’interest. D.Togetreadersintothinking.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesGoogleinvisiblycontrolus?A.Bymonitoringwhatwearesearching.B.Byofferingusawealthofinformation.C.Bypresentingwhatitwouldlikeustosee.D.Byrankingtheresearchresultsbyimportance.Howdoestheauthorsoundwhendiscussingtheproblem?A.Cautious. B.Worried. C.Humorous. D.Curious.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheNewMindControl. B.ABadChoiceofTechnology.C.ConnectingThroughtheInternet. D.ADoubleedgedSword.32-35BCBAP080Ifyouareforgetfulormakemistakeswheninahurry,anewstudyfromMichiganStateUniversity(MSU)foundthatmeditation(冥想)couldhelpyoutobecomelesslikelytomakemistakes.Theresearch,publishedinBrainSciences,testedhowopenmonitoringmeditation(OMM)changedbrainactivityinawaythatsuggestsincreasederrorrecognition.Thefindingssuggestthatdifferentformsofmeditationcanhavedifferenteffects.“Someformsofmeditationhaveyoufocusonasingleobject,commonlyyourbreath,butOMMisabitdifferent,”Linsaid.Ithasyoupayattentiontoeverythinggoingoninyourmindandbody.Thegoalistositquietlyandpaycloseattentiontowherethemindtravelswithoutgettingtoocaughtupinthescenery.”LinandhisMSUco-authors—WilliamEckerle,LingPengandJasonMoser—employedmorethan200participantstotesthowOMMaffectedhowpeopledetectandrespondtoerrors.Theparticipants,whohadnevermeditatedbefore,weretakenthrougha20-minuteOMMexercisewhiletheresearchersmeasuredbrainactivitythroughEEG