主題閱讀09 計(jì)劃愿望(解析版)-【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語(yǔ)素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國(guó)通用)

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英語(yǔ)素養(yǎng)提升專練之主題閱讀系列(全國(guó)通用)主題閱讀09計(jì)劃愿望1We’veallexperiencedfailure.Whetherwelikeitornot,failureispartoflife.Howpeoplerespondtoitisofgreatimportancebothtotheirdecisionsandachievements.Somearelikelytohavesuchexpectations:“IfIshouldreachthatgoal,howhappywouldIfeel?”Inarecentstudy,wewantedtounderstandhowsuchexpectationsmaychangeinthefaceoffailure.Arepeopleabletopredicttheirownhappiness?Theoldsaying“thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside”suggeststhatpeoplespendmuchoftheirtimelongingforthingstheycan’thave.Inotherwords,theharderitistoachieve,thehigherthevaluation.Butisthisagoodmodelforhowordinarypeopleprocessfailure?AccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes,failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial(最初的)plan.Inthestory,thefoxjumpswithallhisstrength,yethefailstoreachthegrapes.Finally,hewalksaway,concludingthatthegrapesweresour(酸的)anyway.So,whichisit:greenergrassorsourgrapes?Wedidanexperimenttodeterminehowpeoplereacttofailure.Inthestudy,about1,200participants(參加者)receivedeithergoodorpoorfeedback(反饋)onthepracticetrialofatest.Halfofthemweretoldthattheyhadperformedinthebottom20percent,whiletheotherhalf,inthetop20percent.Theywerethenaskedtopredicthowtheywouldfeeliftheyearnedahighscoreontheactualtest.Theresearchresultsshowedthatthosewhoreceivedpoorfeedbackonthepracticetrialpredictedthattheywouldfeellesshappinessandlesspride,comparedtothosewhoreceivedstrongfeedback.However,whentheyreceivedatopscoreontheactualtestlater,theywerejustashappyastheotherhalf,andmuchhappierthantheyhadpredictedbefore.Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.Thequestionthough,iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.AccordingtoProfessorJonElster,peopledon’talwaysknowwhattheywant,andoftenchangetheirwishestomatchwhatappearswithinreach.Whentheoutcomedoesn’tfittheonetheyhaveofthemselves,theyprotectthemselvesbydevaluingthegoal—ratherthandevaluingself.Inotherwords,whenpersonalfailurehappens,onewayofprotectingourpositive(積極的)senseofselfistorefusetoaccepttheemotionalimportanceoffutureachievements.Detachment(超脫)frompersonalgoalscanbeuseful,ifithelpspeopleredirecttheirattentionfromtheimpossibletobetterandmoreachievablegoals.However,ifthesour-grapeeffectkicksintooearlyandpeoplebecomefearfuloffailure,theycouldmissoutonthechancetotryagainandrealizethatwhatonceseemedimpossibleisnowwithinreach.1.WhatdoesthestoryTheFoxandtheGrapessuggest?A.Theoutcomevaluationdependsonwhatgoalisset.B.Difficultiesresultinahigherachievementexpectation.C.Pastperformancedoesn’thelppredictfuturehappiness.D.Initialfailuremakesfuturesuccessappearlessattractive.2.Theword“downplay”inParagraph6probablymeans“________”.A.undervalue B.betterunderstand C.destroy D.discover3.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Theparticipantscaredmoreaboutstrongfeedback.B.Thehappierpeoplearethosewhopredictlesshappiness.C.Theparticipants’performancefailedtomatchtheirabilities.D.Peopledevaluethegoaltokeepapositiveviewofthemselves.4.Whatisthewritertryingtotellus?A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B.Detachmentstopspeoplefromchangingwishes.C.Theseeminglyimpossibleisworthtryingsometimes.D.Thesour-grapeeffectpushesustokeepmovingforward.【答案】1.D2.A3.D4.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要論述了人面對(duì)失敗時(shí)的反應(yīng)和期望的變化。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AccordingtothestoryTheFoxandtheGrapes,failureoftenleadsustodropourinitial(最初的)plan.(根據(jù)《狐貍與葡萄》這個(gè)故事，失敗常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們放棄最初的計(jì)劃)”可知，《狐貍與葡萄》這個(gè)故事告訴我們，失敗常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們放棄最初的計(jì)劃。即最初的失敗會(huì)讓以后的成功變得不那么有吸引力。故選D項(xiàng)。2.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句話“Thissuggeststhattheinitialfailuremadepeopleundervaluehowgooditwouldfeeltosucceedinthefuture.(這表明，最初的失敗讓人們低估了未來(lái)成功的感覺(jué))”可知，研究表明最初的失敗讓人們低估了未來(lái)成功的成就感。所以第六段緊接著提出問(wèn)題“Thequestionthough,iswhyfailuremakesusdownplayourfuturehappiness.(為什么失敗會(huì)讓我們低估未來(lái)的幸福？)”，承接上文，其中downplay呼應(yīng)上文中的undervalue，兩者為同義詞，意為“低估，輕視”。A.undervalue低估；B.betterunderstand更好地理解；C.destroy摧毀；D.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whentheoutcomedoesn’tfittheonetheyhaveofthemselves,theyprotectthemselvesbydevaluingthegoal—ratherthandevaluingself.(當(dāng)結(jié)果不適合他們自己時(shí)，他們通過(guò)貶低目標(biāo)來(lái)保護(hù)自己，而不是貶低自己)”可知，人們通過(guò)貶低目標(biāo)來(lái)保護(hù)自己，以保持對(duì)自己的積極看法。故選D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,ifthesour-grapeeffectkicksintooearlyandpeoplebecomefearfuloffailure,theycouldmissoutonthechancetotryagainandrealizethatwhatonceseemedimpossibleisnowwithinreach.(然而，如果酸葡萄效應(yīng)過(guò)早出現(xiàn)，人們會(huì)變得害怕失敗，他們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)再次嘗試的機(jī)會(huì)，并意識(shí)到曾經(jīng)看起來(lái)不可能的事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)唾手可得)”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果在事情的開(kāi)頭就害怕失敗，我們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)一些本來(lái)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情，所以作者告訴我們要轉(zhuǎn)變思維，去嘗試看似不可能的事情。C項(xiàng)“Theseeminglyimpossibleisworthtryingsometimes.(有時(shí)候，看似不可能的事情值得一試)”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。2Inthelastcentury,aseriesofmissionshavebeencarriedouttoexplorethemoon-Earth’sonlynaturalsatellite.Amongthem,NASA’sApollo11missionwaspioneeringasitsucceededinlandingthefirsthumansonthemoononJuly20,1969.Severaldecadeslater,NASAannounceditsArtemisprogram.NamedaftertheGreekgoddessofthemoonandtwinsisterofApollo,theArtemisprogramwillsendhumanstothemoonbytheyear2024.Andthistime,themoonwillwelcomeitsfirstfemaleastronaut.Upuntilnow,only12people,allmale,haveeverwalkedonthemoon.“Nowomanhaseverwalkedonthelunarsurface.”BettinaInclan,NASAcommunicationsdirectorsaidinastatement.ButtheArtemisprogramwillchangethis.Women,ofcourse,havebeeninvolvedinspaceprojectsandmadevaluablecontributions.In1963,astronautValentinaTereshkovafromtheSovietUnionbecamethefirstwomantotravelintospace.However,theprogresstowardwomen’saccesstospaceflightprogramshasbeenslow.Womenhavebeenheldbackbyvariousrequirementsandsecurityconcerns.Forexample,astronautshadtobetestpilotswithacertainamountofexperience.Thiswasaproblemasthetheywereallmalesatthetime.In1962,NASAwrotetoalittlegirlwhowantedtobeanastronaut.Thelettersaid,“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”Womenhaveindeedmadeprogressinthisparticulararea,andhaveadvantagesovertheirmalecolleagues.Womentendtobesmaller,whichmeanstheyuselessoxygenandtakeuplessspaceinsmallspacecrafts.Also,womenusuallyhavegreatercommunicationskillsthatmakethembetter-suitedtolongspaceflights.Despitechallenges,womenhaveshownthattheyhavetheabilitytojointhatgreatgroupofmenwhohavegonetothemoon.Andthiswilltrulybearemarkablemomentinhistory.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.TheApollo11wasthefirstmissionthatwascarriedouttoexplorethemoon.B.Womenmadenoprogressinthespaceflightprogramsinthe20thcentury.C.NASAannouncedtosendthefirstwomanastronauttothemoonby2024.D.TheArtemisprogramwillonlybringwomenastronautstothemoon.6.TheexamplegiveninParagraph6istoshowthat________.A.NASAtookthelittlegirl’sopinionseriouslyatthattime.B.itwasimpossibleforawomantobeanastronautatthebeginning.C.alotofgirlsinAmericawereeagertobecomeastronautsthen.D.womenhadmadegreatprogressinspaceflightprogramme.7.Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofwomenovermeninspaceflight?A.Womenusuallyneedmoreroomthanmando.B.Womenusuallyconsumemoreoxygenthanmendo.C.Womencaneasilygetusedtolivinginspace.D.Womenaremorelikelytogetalongwithothers.【答案】5.C6.B7.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)航天航空局將在2024年把第一位女性航天員送到月球的計(jì)劃。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“NamedaftertheGreekgoddessofthemoonandtwinsisterofApollo,theArtemisprogramwillsendhumanstothemoonbytheyear2024.Andthistime,themoonwillwelcomeitsfirstfemaleastronaut.(阿耳忒彌斯計(jì)劃以希臘月亮女神、阿波羅的孿生妹妹阿耳忒彌斯命名，將在2024年將人類送上月球。而這一次，月球?qū)⒂瓉?lái)首位女宇航員。)”可知，美國(guó)宇航局宣布在2024年之前將首位女宇航員送上月球。故選C。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段“In1962,NASAwrotetoalittlegirlwhowantedtobeanastronaut.Thelettersaid,“Wehavenopresentplanstoemploywomenonspaceflightsbecauseofthedegreeofscientificandflighttraining,andthephysicalcharacteristics,whicharerequired.”(1962年，美國(guó)宇航局寫(xiě)信給一個(gè)想成為宇航員的小女孩。信中說(shuō)：“目前我們還沒(méi)有雇用女性參加太空飛行的計(jì)劃，因?yàn)檫@需要科學(xué)和飛行訓(xùn)練的程度，以及身體特征?！?”可推斷，本段所給出的例子是要說(shuō)明，開(kāi)始女性是不可能成為宇航員的。故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段“Also,womenusuallyhavegreatercommunicationskillsthatmakethembetter-suitedtolongspaceflights.(此外，女性通常有更好的溝通技巧，使她們更適合長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的太空飛行。)”可知，女性在太空飛行中的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一在于女性更容易與他人相處。故選D。3Hometovirginreefs,raresharksandvastnumbersofexoticfish,theCoralSeaisauniquehavenofbiodiversityoffthenortheasterncoastofAustralia.IfaproposalbytheAustraliangovernmentgoesahead,theregionwillalsobecometheworld’slargestmarineprotectedarea,withrestrictionsorbansonfishing,miningandmarinefarming.TheCoralSeareservewouldcoveralmost990000squarekilometersandstretchasfaras1100kilometersfromthecoast.UnveiledrecentlybyenvironmentministerTonyBurke,theproposalwouldbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.Buttheschemeisattractingcriticismfromscientistsandconservationgroups,whoarguethatthegovernmenthasn’tgonefarenoughinprotectingtheCoralSea,orinothermarinereservesinthecoastalnetwork.HughPossingham,directoroftheCentreofExcellenceforEnvironmentalDecisionsattheUniversityofQueenslandpointsoutthatlittlemorethanhalfoftheCoralSeareserveisproposedas“notake”areainwhichallfishingwouldbebanned.Theworld’slargestexistingmarinereserveestablishedlastyearbytheBritishgovernmentintheIndianOcean,spans554000kmandisano-takezonethroughout.AnallianceofcampaigningconversationgroupsarguesthatmoreoftheCoralSeashouldreceivethislevelofprotection.“Iwouldliketohaveseenmoreprotectionforcoralreefs,”saysTerryHughes,directoroftheCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinQueensland.Morethan20ofthemwouldbeoutsidetheno-takeareaandvulnerabletocatch-and-releasefishing.AsNaturewenttopress,theAustraliangovernmenthadnotrespondedtospecificcriticismsoftheplan.ButRobinBeaman,amarinegeologistatJamesCookUnivestsaysthatthereservedoes“broadlyprotecttherangeofhabitats”inthesea.“Icantestifytothehugeeffortthatgovernmentagenciesandotherorganizationshaveputintotryingtounderstandtheecologicalvaluesofthisvastarea.”hesays.ReservesproposedearlierthisyearforAustralia’ssouthwesternandnorthwesterncoastalregionshavealsobeencriticizedforfailingtogivehabitatsadequateprotection.InAugust,173marinescientistssignedanopenlettertothegovernmentsayingtheywere“greatlyconcerned”thattheproposalsforthesouthwesternregionhadnotbeenbasedonthecorescienceprinciplesofreserves—theprotectedregionswerenot,forinstance,representativeofallthehabitatsintheregion,theysaid.Criticssaythatthesouthwesternreserveoffersthegreatestprotectiontotheoffshoreareaswherecommercialopportunitiesarefewestandwherethereislittlethreattotheenvironment,acontention(爭(zhēng)論)alsolevelledattheCoralSeaplan.8.WhatdoestheAustraliangovernmentplantodoaccordingtoTonyBurke?A.MakeanewproposaltoprotecttheCoralsea.B.Reviseitsconservationplanowingtocriticisms.C.Upgradetheestablishedreservestoprotectmarinelife.D.Completetheseriesofmarinereservesarounditscoast.9.WhatdoesmarinegeologistRobinBeamansayabouttheCoralSeaplan?A.ItcancomparewiththeBritishgovernment’seffortintheIndianOcean.B.Itwillresultintheestablishmentoftheworld’slargestmarinereserve.C.Itwillensurethesustainabilityofthefishingindustryaroundthecoast.D.Itisatremendousjointefforttoprotecttherangeofmarinehabitats.10.WhatdocriticsthinkoftheCoralSeaplan?A.Itwilldomoreharmthangoodtotheenvironment.B.ItwilladverselyaffectAustraliasfishingindustry.C.Itwillprotectregionsthatactuallyrequirelittleprotection.D.Itwillwinlittlesupportfromenvironmentalorganizations.【答案】8.D9.D10.C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述的是澳大利亞政府提出珊瑚海保護(hù)區(qū)計(jì)劃，引起科學(xué)家和保護(hù)組織的爭(zhēng)議。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheCoralSeareservewouldcoveralmost990000squarekilometersandstretchasfaras1100kilometersfromthecoast.UnveiledrecentlybyenvironmentministerTonyBurke,theproposalwouldbethelastinaseriesofproposedmarinereservesaroundAustralia’scoast.(珊瑚海保護(hù)區(qū)將覆蓋近99萬(wàn)平方公里，從海岸延伸至1100公里。環(huán)境部長(zhǎng)托尼·伯克最近公布了這一計(jì)劃，這將是澳大利亞海岸一系列海洋保護(hù)區(qū)計(jì)劃中的最后一個(gè))”可知，澳大利亞政府計(jì)劃完成海岸系列的海洋保護(hù)區(qū)。故選D。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“ButRobinBeaman,amarinegeologistatJamesCookUnivestsaysthatthereservedoes“broadlyprotecttherangeofhabitats”inthesea.“Icantestifytothehugeeffortthatgovernmentagenciesandotherorganizationshaveputintotryingtounderstandtheecologicalvaluesofthisvastarea.”hesays.(但JamesCookUnivest的海洋地質(zhì)學(xué)家羅賓·比曼表示，該保護(hù)區(qū)確實(shí)“廣泛保護(hù)了海洋中的棲息地范圍”?！拔铱梢宰C明，政府機(jī)構(gòu)和其他組織付出了巨大的努力，試圖了解這一廣大地區(qū)的生態(tài)價(jià)值?！彼f(shuō))”可知RobinBeaman認(rèn)為，這是一個(gè)巨大的共同努力來(lái)保護(hù)海洋棲息地的計(jì)劃，并且廣泛保護(hù)了海洋中的棲息地范圍。故選D。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Criticssaythatthesouthwesternreserveoffersthegreatestprotectiontotheoffshoreareaswherecommercialopportunitiesarefewestandwherethereislittlethreattotheenvironment,acontention(爭(zhēng)論)alsolevelledattheCoralSeaplan.(批評(píng)人士說(shuō)，西南保護(hù)區(qū)對(duì)近海地區(qū)提供了最大程度的保護(hù)，那里的商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)很少，對(duì)環(huán)境的威脅也很小，珊瑚海計(jì)劃也引發(fā)了爭(zhēng)議)”可知，批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該對(duì)商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)少和環(huán)境威脅小的區(qū)域進(jìn)行最大程度的保護(hù)。由此推知，批評(píng)人士認(rèn)為珊瑚海計(jì)劃將保護(hù)實(shí)際上不需要保護(hù)的區(qū)域。故選C。4Whenit'sfiveo'clock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemthey'redone.Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere,notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncell-phonesandcomputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclock-based.workscheduleshinder(阻礙)moraleandcreativity.Clock-timersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample:ameetingfrom9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,task-timershavealistofthingstheywanttoaccomplish.Theyworkdownthelist,eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskiscompleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?Happier?InexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities-fromprojectplanning,holiday.shopping,toyoga-bytimeorto-dolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder"clocktime"vs"tasktime".Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthatcomeup.Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.Smartcompanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretask-basedplanningintotheirstrategies.Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy:workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.It'llmakethosetaskseasier,andthetask-doerswillbehappier.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftimedisplayedeverywhere?A.Itmakeseverybodytime-conscious.B.Itisaconvenienceforworkandlife.C.Itmayhaveanegativeeffectoncreativework.D.Itclearlyindicatesthefastpaceofmodemlife.12.Howdopeopleusuallygoabouttheirworkaccordingtotheauthor?A.Theycombineclock-basedandtask-basedplanning.B.Theygiveprioritytothemosturgenttaskonhand.C.Theysetatimelimitforeachspecifictask.D.Theyaccomplishtheirtasksonebyone.13.WhatdidTamarAvnetandAnne-LaureSellierfindintheirexperimentsaboutclocktimers?A.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheycomeup.B.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime.C.Theyhavemorecontrolovertheirlives.D.Theytendtobemoreproductive.14.Whatdotheresearcherssayabouttoday'sbusinessculture?A.Itdoesnotsupportthestrategiesadoptedbysmartcompanies.B.Itdoesnotattachenoughimportancetotask-basedpractice.C.Itplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers'lives.D.Itaimstobringemployees'potentialandcreativityintofullplay.15.Whatdotheresearcherssuggest?A.Performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappier.B.Itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.C.Task-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework.D.Ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation.【答案】11.C12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章告訴我們什么是基于時(shí)間的時(shí)間表以及基于任務(wù)的時(shí)間表，并通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并且建議我們當(dāng)做需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，應(yīng)使用基于任務(wù)的時(shí)間分配方案。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Newresearchshowsthatclock-based.workscheduleshinder(阻礙)moraleandcreativity.（新的研究表明，基于時(shí)鐘的工作時(shí)間表阻礙了士氣和創(chuàng)造力）”可推斷，到處顯示時(shí)間可能對(duì)創(chuàng)造性工作有負(fù)面影響。故選C項(xiàng)。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.（據(jù)說(shuō)我們所有人都采用這兩種類型的計(jì)劃的混合）”可知，人們通常會(huì)將基于時(shí)間和基于任務(wù)的兩種形式的計(jì)劃結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyfoundclock-timerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)者的效率更高，但不那么快樂(lè)，因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得自己對(duì)生活的控制很少）”可知，TamarAvnet和Anne-LaureSellier在clock-timers實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)按時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)做事的人效率更高。故選D項(xiàng)。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Theresearchersarguethattask-basedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandunder-supportedinthebusinessculture.（研究人員認(rèn)為，在商業(yè)文化中，任務(wù)型工作常常被輕視和支持不足）”可推知，人們對(duì)任務(wù)型實(shí)踐的重視程度不夠。故選B項(xiàng)。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clock-timers,task-basedtimingshouldbeusedwhenperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.（雖然大多數(shù)人可能仍然需要，或者在某種程度上需要時(shí)鐘計(jì)時(shí)，但在執(zhí)行需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，應(yīng)該使用基于任務(wù)的計(jì)時(shí)）”可知，研究者建議當(dāng)做需要更多創(chuàng)造力的工作時(shí)，應(yīng)使用基于任務(wù)的計(jì)時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。5JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaryfamily-shewantedtofly,servehercountryand,finally,helppeople.“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair,”Reindahlsays.“IwantedtoservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallofus.”Reindahl’sfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahlworkedasaflightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthegroundandintheair,”Reindahlsays.WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy.“Isawhowdevotedandpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,”Reindahlsays.“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.”Whensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.Andherfinalgoalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.“Iwanttogiveback,”Reindahlsays.“Ilovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavealife,ormaketheworldbetter,thenIwanttohelp.”Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,regardsReindahlassomeonewhowillbeanassettothenursingprofession.“Jessica’sdifferentbackground”allowshertobringherownperspective(視角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,”Lagunassays.“Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.”16.WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?A.Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying. B.Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.C.Becauseshedecidedtofollowherfather. D.Becauseshemeanttogivebacktoothers.17.WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?A.Herdifferentbackground. B.Herexperiencewithanurse.C.Herdevotiontohercountry. D.Herprofessor’sencouragement.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anasset”inParagraph7referto?A.Aluckyperson. B.Alearnedperson. C.Avaluableperson. D.Apowerfulperson.19.WhatcanwelearnfromReindahl’sstory?A.Likefather,likeson. B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves. D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.【答案】16.A17.B18.C19.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了JessicaReindahl的三個(gè)夢(mèng)想，以及它們實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetoff-deckandintheair.（我想要飛翔，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g從甲板上起飛，在空中飛翔的感覺(jué)），可知JessicaReindahl想坐飛機(jī)是因?yàn)樗矚g飛的感覺(jué)，故選A。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Isawhowdevotedandpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,”Reindahlsays.“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.”(“我看到他們對(duì)病人的關(guān)懷是多么的投入和真誠(chéng)，這完全激勵(lì)了我，”Reindahl說(shuō)?！皬哪翘炱?，我就知道我想成為一名護(hù)士?！?”可知，和護(hù)士相處的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)Reindahl想要成為一名護(hù)士。故選B。18.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞后一句“Jessica’sdifferentbackground”allowshertobringherownperspective(視角)tonursingschoolwhichpositivelychallengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,(“Jessica的不同背景”使她能夠?qū)⒆约旱挠^點(diǎn)帶到護(hù)理學(xué)校，這對(duì)那些學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的每個(gè)人都提出了積極的挑戰(zhàn)，讓他們超越自己的觀點(diǎn))”可知，Dr.MeganLagunas認(rèn)為Jessica是一個(gè)有價(jià)值的人，所以anasset意思是“有價(jià)值的人”。故選C。19.推理判斷題。閱讀文章內(nèi)容，并根據(jù)第三段“Reindahl’sfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.(在美國(guó)海軍服役九年期間，Reindahl的頭兩個(gè)夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。)和后文描述可知，JessicaReindahl通過(guò)自己的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想，由此可知，通過(guò)她的故事，我們學(xué)到“有志者事竟成”。A.Likefather,likeson.有其父，必有其子；B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.贈(zèng)人玫瑰，手留余香；C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助；D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.有志者事竟成。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)D切題。故選D。6AlleyeswereonJackMa.ThechairmanofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtdsteppeddownonTeachers’Dayfromleadingthee-commercegianthefounded20yearsago.“Istillhavelotsofdreamstogoafter,”Mawroteinanopenletterlastyeartoannouncehisparting.“Theworldisbig,andIamstillyoung,soIwanttotrynewthings.”The55-year-oldbusinessmanshowedthathewasreadyfornewthingsbyarrivingathisfarewellpartydresseduplikearockstar.Infact,hisrags-to-richesstoryisagoodexampleofdoingsomethingdifferent.VisitingtheUnitedStatesin1995,Masawtheinternetandhadtheideaofsettinguphisowntradingwebsite.In1999,hefoundedAlibabawithagroupoffriendsinasharedapartment,strugglingforyearstogetitofftheground.Withallthechallenges,thecompanyslowlybroughte-commercetoChina.AlthoughhissuccesshasinspiredanumberofChinesetechbusinessmen,Mapointedoutthatthekeyishavingadream.“It’sthedreamsthatkeepusneverafraidofsetbacks,”MasaidinavideopostedonSept9.Nowtheexperiencedbusinessmanislookingtofocusoneducation.Whatcanheoffer?“I’mnotgonnateachEnglish;I’mnotgonnateachbusiness.ButI’mgonnateachyoungpeoplehowtofacechallenges,”hetoldBloombergNews.Skilledsailorswerenevermadeoncalmwaters.AsMasaid,“Todayiscruel.Tomorrowiscrueler.Butthedayaftertomorrowisbeautiful.”20.WhydidJackMaattractalltheattentiononTeachers’Dayin2019？A.HeledtheAlibabaGrouptocelebratetheTeachers’Day.B.HewouldbecometheformerchairmanofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtd.C.HeandagroupoffriendsfoundedAlibabaGroup20yearsago.D.Hegaveaspecialshowdresseduplikearockstar.21.WhatwillJackMadoafterhispartingfromAlibaba？A.HewillbeanEnglishteacher.B.Hewillbearockstar.C.Hewillcontinuetobeabusinessman.D.Hewilltrysomethingnewrelatedtoeducation.22.WhichstatementaboutJackMaisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ma’ssuccessliesinpursuinghisdreamandmakinggreateffort.B.JackMawasworriedaboutthefutureofeducationinChina.C.JackMaalwayswantstochallengehimselfinnewfields.D.JackMawouldliketoencourageyoungpeopletoovercomedifficulties.【答案】20.B21.D22.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文，主要講的是馬云的離職，和離職后他的一些打算。20.推理判斷題。由第一段“AlleyeswereonJackMa.ThechairmanofAlibabaGroupHoldingLtdsteppeddownonTeachers’Dayfromleadingthee-commercegianthefounded20yearsago.”可知，全世界的目光都聚焦在馬云身上。阿里巴巴集團(tuán)主席在教師節(jié)這天從他20年前創(chuàng)建的電商巨頭的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職位離職。馬云離職，不再擔(dān)任阿里巴巴集團(tuán)的主席一職，那他就屬于阿里集團(tuán)的前任主席。故選B項(xiàng)。21.推理判斷題。由第二段“Theworldisbig,andIamstillyoung,soIwanttotrynewthings.”和倒數(shù)第二段“Nowtheexperiencedbusinessmanislookingtofocusoneducation.”可知，馬云說(shuō)世界很大，他還很年輕，他想嘗試新的東西?，F(xiàn)在這位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的商人打算將重心放在教育這一方面。由此我們可以得出結(jié)論，在離開(kāi)阿里集團(tuán)后，馬云打算嘗試跟教育相關(guān)的一些新的東西。故選D項(xiàng)。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段“AlthoughhissuccesshasinspiredanumberofChinesetechbusinessmen,Mapointedoutthatthekeyishavingadream.“It’sthedreamsthatkeepusneverafraidofsetbacks,””可知，雖然他的成功鼓舞許多科技商人，馬云指出，關(guān)鍵是要有夢(mèng)想?！熬褪菈?mèng)想，才會(huì)讓我們從不害怕挫折?！彼择R云的成功離不開(kāi)夢(mèng)想和，故A項(xiàng)的陳述是正確的。由第一段“Theworldisbig,andIamstillyoung,soIwanttotrynewthings.”可知，馬云說(shuō)世界很大，他依然年輕，他想嘗試新的東西。所以馬云想在新的領(lǐng)域挑戰(zhàn)自己，故C項(xiàng)的陳述是正確的。由倒數(shù)第二段“I’mnotgonnateachEnglish;I’mnotgonnateachbusiness.ButI’mgonnateachyoungpeoplehowtofacechallenges,”可知，馬云在一次采訪中說(shuō)，他不是要教英語(yǔ)，也不是要教商業(yè)學(xué)，他打算教年輕人怎樣面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。所以說(shuō)他想鼓勵(lì)年輕人去克服困難，故D項(xiàng)的陳述是正確的。排除掉A、C、D，故選B項(xiàng)。7Cheatingcanhappeninalotofdifferentways.Whenpeoplecheat,it’snotfairtootherpeople,likethekidswhostudiedforthetestorwhothetruewinnersofagamewere.Manypeopleliketheactionofcheating.Itmakesdifficultthingsseemeasy,likegettingalltherightanswersonthetest.Butitdoesn’tsolvetheproblem