人與動植物【精講精研+拓展延伸】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 閱讀一遍過

話題十四人與動植物第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語1.dinosaurn.______________ 2.trunkn.______________3.troublesomeadj.______________ 4.mushroomn.______________5.twistv.______________ 6.squirreln.______________7.ultimateadj.______________ 8.unconditionaladj.______________9.undergov.______________ 10.uneasyadj.______________11.unrestn.______________ 12.vacantadj.______________13.batn.______________ 14.variation______________15.habitatn.______________ 16.evolutionn.______________17.trademarkn.______________ 18.transformv.______________19.transparentadj.______________ 20.tragedyn.______________21.violatev.______________ 22.underwearn.______________23.victimn.______________ 24.vanishv.______________25.vehiclein.______________26.______________adj.傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的27.______________翻譯；譯文；轉(zhuǎn)化；調(diào)任28.______________n.金銀財寶；財富；財產(chǎn)；珍品______________v.珍視29.______________adj.典型的；有代表性的；象征性的30.______________n.雨傘；保護傘；庇護；傘形結(jié)構(gòu)31.______________adj.未料到的；意外的；想不到的32.______________adj.不公平的；不公正的33.______________adj.不幸的令人遺憾的；不成功的34.______________adv.不情愿地；勉強地35.______________v.更新；校正；修正；使現(xiàn)代化36.______________adj.難過的；心煩的；混亂的；弄翻的37.______________adj.迫切的；緊急的；急迫的38.______________adj.有價值的；貴重的；可估價的39.______________adv.毋庸置疑地；確實地40.______________v.揭開；揭露；發(fā)現(xiàn)41.______________n.家庭教師；導(dǎo)師；助教；(尤指音樂)課本42._______________n.&v.貿(mào)易；交易43.______________n.暴力；暴行；侵犯；激烈；歪曲44._______________n.運輸；運載工具；運輸系統(tǒng)；流放45.________________n.美德；德行；優(yōu)點；貞操；功效46._______________adj.難以置信的；不可信的47.inviewof________________________48._________________________各種各樣的49.varyfromhourtohour_________________________50._________________________徒勞；白辛苦51.休假________________________52.充分利用________________________53.__________________________對……是獨有的54._________________________學(xué)生會55.makeoneselfunderstood________________________56._________________________在建設(shè)中57.沒有意識到________________________58._________________________輪流；依次做某事59.________________________.到達；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；使仰臥60.調(diào)低；拒絕；減小，關(guān)小________________________61.migrationpattern________________________62.growthstage________________________詞匯拓展1.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；一貫的；平常的；不出所料；特有的Theelderlymanmaynotbe____________,buthespeaksforasignificantbodyofopinion.這位老人也許并沒有代表性，但他所說的話卻代表著相當一部分人的觀點。Theweatheratthemomentis___________notforJuly.現(xiàn)在的天氣并不是七月份常有的。A___________workingdayformebeginsat7:30.我的工作日一般在7:30開始。2.turnup(常指出其不意地或經(jīng)長久等待后)出現(xiàn)，到來，露面；找出；發(fā)現(xiàn)；注意到；出現(xiàn)；開大，調(diào)高(收音機、暖氣等)He___________late.他遲到了。Investigationshavenever___________anyevidence.調(diào)查從沒發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)。Ican'theartheradioverywell.Couldyou___________it___________abit?收音機我聽不太清楚，你把聲音開大點行嗎?【聯(lián)想】turnto翻到；轉(zhuǎn)向；變成；求助于，求教于turnover翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)；把……移交；換頻道；營業(yè)額達turnout結(jié)果是，證明是；到場，出席；出來；制造turnoff關(guān)掉；使厭煩turninto成為；翻譯turnin交上去；告發(fā)；上床睡覺turnback返回；往回走；阻擋；翻回到turnround轉(zhuǎn)身；調(diào)頭；轉(zhuǎn)向另一面；使好轉(zhuǎn)turnagainst轉(zhuǎn)而反對；與……反目turnabout轉(zhuǎn)身，向后轉(zhuǎn)turnon打開；攻擊活學(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個單詞或用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Aroncouldn'tspeakPolish.Imademyself_________(understand)withdifficulty.2.1_________(wait)foranhourandhestillhasn'tturnedup.3.Fastmask-changingisunique_________SichuanOperaperformance.4.Ifind_________unbelievablethatpeoplecanacceptthissortofbehaviour.5.Allkindsof_________(tradition)craftindustriesarepreservedhere.二、翻譯句子1.Ireadhisarticleagainandagain,tryinghardtounderstandwhathewasdrivingatbutinvain._____________________________________________________________2.在我們班，我們輪流做值日報告。(taketurns)_____________________________________________________________3.建設(shè)中的那幢建筑物是一個公共圖書館。(underconstruction)_____________________________________________________________4.既然你有了這個機會，你可以充分地利用它了。(makeuseof)_____________________________________________________________參考答案單詞&短語1.恐龍2.樹干；皮箱；象鼻3.麻煩的；棘手的4.蘑菇5.彎曲；扭曲6.松鼠7.最后的；最終的8.無條件的9.經(jīng)歷；忍受10.不自在的；憂慮的11.動蕩；不安12.空的；空缺的13.蝙蝠14.變化；差別15.棲息地16.進化17.商標18.使變形；使改變19.透明的20.不幸；悲劇21.違反(法律等);擾亂22.襯衣；內(nèi)衣23.犧牲品；受害者24.突然不見25.車輛；運載工具26.traditional27.translation28.treasure29.typical30.umbrella31.unexpected32.unfair33.unfortunate34.unwillingly35.update36.upset37.urgent38.valuable39.undoubtedly40.uncover41.tutor42.trade43.violence44.transportation45.virtue46.unbelievable47.鑒于；考慮到48.avarietyof/varietiesof49.時刻都在變化50.invain51.take/haveavacation52.makefulluseof53.beuniqueto54.theStudents'Union55.把自己的意思說清楚56.underconstruction57.beunconsciousof58.dosth.byturns/inturn;taketurnstodosth.59.turnup60.turndown61.遷徙模式62.生長階段詞匯拓展1.typical;typical;typical2.turnedup;turnedup;turned;up活學(xué)活用一、1.understood2.havebeenwaiting3.to4.it5.traditional二、1.我把他的文章讀了一遍又一遍，但對他的意圖仍百思不解。2.Inourclass,wetaketurnstodothedutyreport.3.Thebuildingunderconstructionisapubliclibrary.4.Nowthatyou'vegotachance,youmightaswellmakefulluseofit第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解Kidseverywherelovetoplay.Andtheyknowaballisaperfectthingtoplaywith.NowscientistsatLondon’sQueenMaryUniversityreportthatbumblebeesseemtoknowthesamething,makingbumblebeesthefirstinsectsknowntoplay.Whenpeopletalkabout“play”,they’redescribingananimaldoingsomethingthatdoesn’treallyseemtohelpit.They’renotdoingtheactiontogetfoodorshelteroranothersimilar“reward”.Playusuallyhappenswhenacreatureisrelaxedandisoftenrepeated.However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.Butbeforethis,therewerenoreportsofinsectsplaying.ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged(貼標簽)45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.Thescientistssetupaclearpathwayfromthebumblebees’nesttoafeedingarea.Oneithersideoftheopenpathway,theresearchersplacedsmallcoloredwoodenballs.Ononesideofthepath,theballswereattachedandcouldn’tmove.Ontheotherside,theballscouldrollaround.Itturnedoutthatthebumblebeesweren’tinterestedintheunmovableballs,buttheymadelotsofvisitstotherollingballs.Grabbingtheballswiththeirlegs,thebeeswouldflap(拍打)theirwingstopullontheballs,causingthemtoroll.The45taggedbumblebeesrolledballs910timesduringtheexperiment.Thoughsomeonlydiditonce,othersdiditalot.Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyitButtheexperimentraisesimportantquestionsabouthowtheinsects’mindsworkandwhethertheyhavefeelings.Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.1．Whatisthepurposeofanimals’playaccordingtoscientists?A．Tofindidealshelter.B．Toreceiveextrarewards.C．Todevelopsurvivalskills.D．Togettheirfellows’attention.2．WhatdidDr.Chittka’sexperimentfocuson?A．Bumblebees’categories. B．Bumblebees’habitats.C．Bumblebees’intelligence. D．Bumblebees’behavior.3．Whatwastheresultoftheexperiment?A．Youngermalebumblebeespreferredtorolltheballs.B．Bumblebeespossesseddifferentwingbeatfrequency.C．Bumblebeescoulddistinguishballsofdifferentcolors.D．Aspecially-builtpathwayhelpedbumblebeesfindfood.4．WhatisDr.Chittka’sattitudetotheirfutureresearch?A．Uncertain. B．Doubtful. C．Optimistic. D．Critical.【答案】1．C

2．D

3．A

4．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。各地的孩子都愛玩。他們知道球是玩的完美的東西。文章介紹了現(xiàn)在倫敦瑪麗女王大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們報告說，大黃蜂似乎也知道同樣的事情，這使大黃蜂成為已知的第一個會玩的昆蟲。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,scientiststhinkmanyanimalsandbirds’playingisakindoftrainingforthingsthey’llhavetodealwithinlaterlife.”（然而，科學(xué)家們認為，許多動物和鳥類的玩耍是一種訓(xùn)練，以便它們在以后的生活中應(yīng)對問題。）可知，科學(xué)家認為動物玩耍的目的是培養(yǎng)生存技能。故選C項。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ScientistsatDr.Chittka’slab,carriedoutanexperiment.First,theytagged45youngbumblebees,bothmaleandfemale,between1and23daysold.Thetagsmadethebeeseasiertoidentifyandfollow.”（Chittka博士實驗室的科學(xué)家們進行了一項實驗。首先，他們標記了45只1至23天大的小大黃蜂，有雄有雌。這些標簽使蜜蜂更容易被識別和跟蹤。）根據(jù)最后一段“It’snotclearwhythebeesrolltheballsorwhethertheyenjoyit”（目前尚不清楚蜜蜂為什么會滾動這些球）可知，Chittka博士的實驗關(guān)注的是大黃蜂的行為。故選D項。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theyoungerbumblebeesspentmoretimerollingballs.Malesseemedmorelikelytoplaythanfemales.”（年輕的大黃蜂花更多的時間滾球。雄性似乎比雌性更喜歡玩。）可知，實驗結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)年輕的雄性大黃蜂更喜歡滾球。故選A項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Withfurtherresearch,thefuturewillholdsurprisesandanswersinstoreforus,”saidDr.Chittka.”（隨著進一步的研究，未來將為我們帶來驚喜和答案，”Chittka博士說。）故可推知，Chittka博士對他們未來的研究持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選C項。（B）完形填空Peopleholdgeneralbeliefthatbirdswillflysouthinwinter.Butnotallbirdsdosotoescapethe___56___andsettlesomewhereniceandwarm.Manyofourfeatheredfriendsactually___57___andtrytolivethroughthehardtime.Theywillfacegreater___58___whentemperaturesdropwellbeyondthefreezingpoint.Itwasagainstthisbackgroundthata___59___aboutrescuingalittlesparrowtookplace.Thepoorbirdwascaughtoff-guardbythefreezingtemperaturesandhaditself___60___onthemetalpipingnexttoawaterheater.___61___,amanbythenameofNelsonWilson___62___thefrightenedbird.Whenhehurriedtoseewhatwashappening,hesawit___63___desperatelyanddecidedtodosomethingtohelpitout.“WhenIwentover,I___64___thebirdwhichwasglueddowntothepipeandcouldn'tflyaway,”Wilson____65____.“Thelittlebirdmostlikely____66____todrinksomewaterbecauseitisnot____67____forbirdstodrinkfromtheheatedtankinwinter.Butunfortunately,itsfeetgot____68____fromthewaterandfrozeintothemetalpiping.SoI____69____towarmthefeetofthefrightenedbirdbypressingmypalm(手掌)againstboththe____70____andthebird'sfeet.”Butthe____71____didnotgivehimwhathewanted.Then,Wilsonstarted____72____blowingwarmaironthebirdto____73____itsfragilefeetandmakethemgetwarmearlier.Afterseveralminutes,hiswarmingthebird'sfeetwithhiswarm____74____broughtsuccess.Thebirdwasfinallyableto____75____itspreviouslyfrozenfeet.Itwassaved!56．A．site B．enemy C．disease D．cold57．A．staybehind B．stepforward C．takeof D．comeout58．A．failure B．dilemma C．danger D．truth59．A．rip B．story C．task D．meeting60．A．1ost B．bathed C．confused D．trapped61．A．Hopefully B．Thankfully C．Suddenly D．Strangely62．A．found B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．seized D．heard63．A．1yimg B．waiting C．struggling D．hunting64．A．treated B．noticed C．obtained D．pushed65．A．explained B．concluded C．predicted D．a(chǎn)dded66．A．refused B．hesitated C．stopped D．learnt67．A．inconvenient B．harmless C．practical D．uncommon68．A．sticky B．wet C．slippery D．heavy69．A．a(chǎn)ttempted B．managed C．a(chǎn)greed D．expected70．A．pipe B．ice C．water D．feather71．A．challenge B．a(chǎn)pproach C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．a(chǎn)ttention72．A．casually B．eventually C．gently D．a(chǎn)ccidentally73．A．observe B．pull C．recognize D．protect74．A．breath B．coat C．a(chǎn)rm D．chest75．A．feel B．see C．move D．drop答案：56．D57．A58．C59．C60．D61．B62．A63．C64．B65．A66．C67．C68．A69．A70．A71．B72．C73．D74．A75．C【分析】本文為一篇記敘文。文章講述了NelsonWilson營救被困在凍住的金屬管上的小麻雀的故事。56．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但并不是所有的鳥類都這樣做是為了躲避寒冷，并在溫暖舒適的地方定居。A.site場所；B.enemy敵人；C.disease疾?。籇.cold寒冷。根據(jù)“settlesomewhereniceandwarm”可知，不是所有的鳥類都會向南遷移躲避寒冷。故選D項。57．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們的許多長著羽毛的朋友實際上會留下來，試圖度過這段艱難的時光。A.staybehind留下來；B.stepforward向前；C.takeof利用；D.comeout出版。根據(jù)“Butnotallbirdsdosotoescapethe1andsettlesomewhereniceandwarm.”可知，有一些鳥會留下來度過寒冬。故選A項。58．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當溫度下降到遠遠超過冰點時，它們將面臨更大的危險。A.failure失?。籅.dilemma兩難；C.danger危險；D.truth真相。根據(jù)“whentemperaturesdropwellbeyondthefreezingpoint”可知，當溫度降到冰點以下很多時，鳥兒們會遇到更大的危險。故選C項。59．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是在這樣的背景下，一項營救一只小麻雀的任務(wù)發(fā)生了。A.rip撕裂口；B.story故事；C.task任務(wù)；D.meeting會議。根據(jù)“aboutrescuingalittlesparrow”可知，營救一只小麻雀是一項任務(wù)。故選C項。60．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這只可憐的小鳥被冰凍的溫度嚇得措手不及，卡在熱水器旁邊的金屬管道上。A.lost丟失；B.bathed沐??；C.confused使困惑；D.trapped卡住。根據(jù)“Thepoorbirdwascaughtoff-guardbythefreezingtemperatures”可知，小鳥被卡住了。故選D項。61．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸好，一個叫尼爾森·威爾遜的人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只受驚的鳥。A.Hopefully有希望地；B.Thankfully幸好；C.Suddenly突然；D.Strangely奇怪地。根據(jù)“amanbythenameofNelsonWilson6thefrightenedbird”可知，幸好小鳥被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。故選B項。62．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.accepted接受；C.seized抓?。籇.heard聽到。根據(jù)“Whenhehurriedtoseewhatwashappening”可知，NelsonWilson發(fā)現(xiàn)了這只鳥。故選A項。63．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當他趕去看發(fā)生了什么事時，他看到它在拼命地掙扎，于是決定做些什么來幫助它。A.lying躺；B.waiting等待；C.struggling掙扎；D.hunting捕獵。根據(jù)“desperately”及上文描寫小鳥被困住可知，鳥兒應(yīng)該在掙扎想要逃脫。故選C項。64．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“當我走過去的時候，我注意到那只鳥被粘在了水管上，飛不走了，”威爾遜解釋說。A.treated對待；B.noticed注意到；C.obtained獲得；D.pushed推。根據(jù)“amanbythenameofNelsonWilson6thefrightenedbird”可知，NelsonWilson注意到這只鳥被粘在水管上。故選B項。65．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.explained解釋；B.concluded得出結(jié)論；C.predicted預(yù)測；D.added添加。根據(jù)前后文NelsonWilson所說可知，此處為他在解釋發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥及解救鳥的過程。故選A項。66．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：小鳥很可能停下來喝水，因為在冬天，鳥兒從加熱的水箱里喝水是不現(xiàn)實的。A.refused拒絕；B.hesitated猶豫；C.stopped停止；D.learnt學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“todrinksomewater”可知，NelsonWilson推測，小鳥停下來喝水，因